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這篇文章主要講解了“Python中如何使用matplotlib繪制mqtt數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)圖像功能”,文中的講解內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單清晰,易于學(xué)習(xí)與理解,下面請(qǐng)大家跟著小編的思路慢慢深入,一起來(lái)研究和學(xué)習(xí)“Python中如何使用matplotlib繪制mqtt數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)圖像功能”吧!
效果圖
mqtt發(fā)布
mqtt訂閱
matplotlib繪制動(dòng)態(tài)圖
matplotlib繪制mqtt數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)圖像
本代碼中publish
是一個(gè)死循環(huán),數(shù)據(jù)一直往外發(fā)送。
import random import time from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client import json from datetime import datetime broker = 'broker.emqx.io' port = 1883 topic = "/python/mqtt/li" client_id = f'python-mqtt-{random.randint(0, 1000)}' # 隨機(jī)生成客戶端id def connect_mqtt(): def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc): if rc == 0: print("Connected to MQTT Broker!") else: print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc) client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id) client.on_connect = on_connect client.connect(broker, port) return client def publish(client): while True: time.sleep(0.01) msg = json.dumps({"MAC": "0123456789", "samplerate": 12, "sampletime": str(datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S.%f')[:-3]), "battery": 0.5, "acc": [ [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], [random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), -random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350), random.randint(200, 350)], ]}) result = client.publish(topic, msg) status = result[0] if status == 0: print(f"Send `{msg}` to topic `{topic}`") else: print(f"Failed to send message to topic {topic}") def run(): client = connect_mqtt() client.loop_start() publish(client) if __name__ == '__main__': run()
from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client import time import os broker = 'broker.emqx.io' port = 1883 topic = "/python/mqtt/li" def connect_mqtt(client_id): """ MQTT 連接函數(shù)。 """ def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc): """ 連接回調(diào)函數(shù) 在客戶端連接后被調(diào)用,在該函數(shù)中可以依據(jù) rc 來(lái)判斷客戶端是否連接成功。 """ if rc == 0: print("Connected to MQTT Broker! return code %d" % rc) else: print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc) client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id) # client.username_pw_set('uname', 'upwd') # 鏈接mqtt所需的用戶名和密碼,沒有可不寫 client.on_connect = on_connect client.connect(broker , port) return client def subscribe(client: mqtt_client, a_topic): """ 訂閱消息 """ def on_message(client, userdata, msg): """ 消息回調(diào)函數(shù) 在客戶端從 MQTT Broker 收到消息后被調(diào)用,在該函數(shù)中我們將打印出訂閱的 topic 名稱以及接收到的消息內(nèi)容。 * 這里可添加自定義數(shù)據(jù)處理程序 """ print('From topic : %s\n\tmsg : %s' % (msg.topic, msg.payload.decode())) client.subscribe(topic) client.on_message = on_message def run(client_id, topic): client = connect_mqtt(client_id) subscribe(client, topic) client.loop_forever() if __name__ == '__main__': run('test_eartag-003-python-li', 'zk100/gw/#')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np count = 100 # 圖中最多數(shù)據(jù)量 ax = list(range(count)) # 保存圖1數(shù)據(jù) ay = [0] * 100 bx = list(range(count)) # 保存圖2數(shù)據(jù) by = [0] * 100 num = count # 計(jì)數(shù) plt.ion() # 開啟一個(gè)畫圖的窗口進(jìn)入交互模式,用于實(shí)時(shí)更新數(shù)據(jù) plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 10) # 圖像顯示大小 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 防止中文標(biāo)簽亂碼,還有通過(guò)導(dǎo)入字體文件的方法 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False plt.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = 0.5 # 設(shè)置曲線線條寬度 plt.tight_layout() while True: plt.clf() # 清除刷新前的圖表,防止數(shù)據(jù)量過(guò)大消耗內(nèi)存 plt.suptitle("總標(biāo)題", fontsize=30) # 添加總標(biāo)題,并設(shè)置文字大小 g1 = np.random.random() # 生成隨機(jī)數(shù)畫圖 # 圖表1 ax.append(num) # 追加x坐標(biāo)值 ay.append(g1) # 追加y坐標(biāo)值 agraphic = plt.subplot(2, 1, 1) agraphic.set_title('子圖表標(biāo)題1') # 添加子標(biāo)題 agraphic.set_xlabel('x軸', fontsize=10) # 添加軸標(biāo)簽 agraphic.set_ylabel('y軸', fontsize=20) plt.plot(ax[-count:], ay[-count:], 'g-') # 等于agraghic.plot(ax,ay,'g-') # 圖表2 bx.append(num) by.append(g1) bgraghic = plt.subplot(2, 1, 2) bgraghic.set_title('子圖表標(biāo)題2') bgraghic.plot(bx[-count:], by[-count:], 'r^') plt.pause(0.001) # 設(shè)置暫停時(shí)間,太快圖表無(wú)法正常顯示 num = num + 1
單線程
先啟動(dòng)mqtt訂閱服務(wù)
mqtt訂閱中有阻塞,更新數(shù)據(jù)后因訂閱服務(wù)沒有結(jié)束,導(dǎo)致繪圖程序無(wú)法繪圖
先啟動(dòng)繪圖程序
繪圖程序本身也是個(gè)循環(huán),拿不到mqtt的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù),圖像無(wú)法更新
兩個(gè)服務(wù)加入?yún)f(xié)程,也不行。具體原因還不知道,容后補(bǔ)充。
mqtt作為線程啟動(dòng),可解決上述問題
import json import random from paho.mqtt import client as mqtt_client import time import datetime from math import ceil, floor import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import _thread # 公共變量 broker = 'broker.emqx.io' topic = "/python/mqtt/li" port = 1883 client_id = f'python-mqtt-li-{random.randint(0, 100)}' show_num = 300 x_num = [-1] # 計(jì)數(shù) acc1 = [] acc2 = [] acc3 = [] acc4 = [] acc5 = [] acc6 = [] stime = [] """mqtt subscribe topic""" def str_microsecond_datetime2int_13timestamp(str_microsecond_datetime): """將字符串型【毫秒級(jí)】格式化時(shí)間 轉(zhuǎn)為 【13位】整型時(shí)間戳""" datetime_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(str_microsecond_datetime, "%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S.%f") obj_stamp = int(time.mktime(datetime_obj.timetuple()) * 1000.0 + datetime_obj.microsecond / 1000.0) / 1000.0 return obj_stamp def int2datetime(int_float_timestamp): """ 有小數(shù)點(diǎn):分離小數(shù)點(diǎn),整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)為格式化時(shí)間,小數(shù)點(diǎn)直接跟在后面 無(wú)小數(shù)點(diǎn):從第10位進(jìn)行分離, 所以本函數(shù)只適用于時(shí)間戳整數(shù)位數(shù)大于9且小于11. """ if '.' in str(int_float_timestamp): int_float = str(int_float_timestamp).split('.') date = time.localtime(int(int_float[0])) tempDate = time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S", date) secondafter = '.' + str(int_float[1]) return str(tempDate) + secondafter def parse_mqttmsg(msg): """解析mqt頭數(shù)據(jù) MAC samplerate sampletime battery acc""" content = json.loads(msg.payload.decode()) span = 1000 / content['samplerate'] * 10 time_span = [ceil(span) / 10 / 1000, floor(span) / 10 / 1000] sampletime = content['sampletime'] sampletime_int = str_microsecond_datetime2int_13timestamp(sampletime) acc = content['acc'] for i in range(len(acc)): x_num.append(x_num[-1] + 1) acc1.append(acc[i][0]) acc2.append(acc[i][1]) acc3.append(acc[i][2]) acc4.append(acc[i][3]) acc5.append(acc[i][4]) acc6.append(acc[i][5]) if i != 0: sampletime_int += time_span[i % 2] stime.append(int2datetime(round(sampletime_int * 1000, 0) / 1000)) else: stime.append(sampletime) print(x_num[-1], stime[-1], acc1[-1], acc2[-1], acc3[-1], acc4[-1], acc5[-1], acc6[-1]) def connect_mqtt(): def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc): if rc == 0: print("Connected to MQTT Broker!") else: print("Failed to connect, return code %d\n", rc) pass client = mqtt_client.Client(client_id) client.on_connect = on_connect client.connect(broker, port) return client def subscribe(client: mqtt_client): def on_message(client, userdata, msg): # print(f"Received `{msg.payload.decode()}` from `{msg.topic}` topic") parse_mqttmsg(msg) client.subscribe(topic) client.on_message = on_message def run(): client = connect_mqtt() subscribe(client) client.loop_forever() """ draw figures """ def draw_figure(): plt.ion() # 開啟一個(gè)畫圖的窗口進(jìn)入交互模式,用于實(shí)時(shí)更新數(shù)據(jù) plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 10) # 圖像顯示大小 plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 防止中文標(biāo)簽亂碼,還有通過(guò)導(dǎo)入字體文件的方法 plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False plt.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = 0.5 # 設(shè)置曲線線條寬度 count = 0 while True: plt.clf() # 清除刷新前的圖表,防止數(shù)據(jù)量過(guò)大消耗內(nèi)存 plt.suptitle("總標(biāo)題", fontsize=30) # 添加總標(biāo)題,并設(shè)置文字大小 plt.tight_layout() # 圖表1 agraphic = plt.subplot(2, 1, 1) agraphic.set_title('子圖表標(biāo)題1') # 添加子標(biāo)題 agraphic.set_xlabel('x軸', fontsize=10) # 添加軸標(biāo)簽 agraphic.set_ylabel('y軸', fontsize=20) plt.plot(x_num[1:][-show_num:], acc1[-show_num:], 'g-') try: xtricks = list(range(len(acc1) - show_num, len(acc1), 10)) # **1** xlabels = [stime[i] for i in xtricks] # **2** plt.xticks(xtricks, xlabels, rotation=15) except: pass # 圖表2 bgraghic = plt.subplot(2, 1, 2) bgraghic.set_title('子圖表標(biāo)題2') bgraghic.set_xlabel('x軸', fontsize=10) # 添加軸標(biāo)簽 bgraghic.set_ylabel('y軸', fontsize=20) bgraghic.plot(x_num[1:][-show_num:], acc2[-show_num:], 'r^') plt.pause(0.001) # 設(shè)置暫停時(shí)間,太快圖表無(wú)法正常顯示 count = count + 1 if __name__ == '__main__': # 多線程 _thread.start_new_thread(run, ()) draw_figure()
感謝各位的閱讀,以上就是“Python中如何使用matplotlib繪制mqtt數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)圖像功能”的內(nèi)容了,經(jīng)過(guò)本文的學(xué)習(xí)后,相信大家對(duì)Python中如何使用matplotlib繪制mqtt數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)圖像功能這一問題有了更深刻的體會(huì),具體使用情況還需要大家實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證。這里是億速云,小編將為大家推送更多相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的文章,歡迎關(guān)注!
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