如何整合Spring+SpringMvc+Spring Data Jpa框架

這篇文章主要介紹如何整合Spring+SpringMvc+Spring Data Jpa框架，文中介紹的非常詳細(xì)，具有一定的參考價(jià)值，感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完！

Spring + SpringMvc + Spring Data Jpa框架整合

我們來(lái)說(shuō)下spring 整合 spring mvc 和 spring data jpa的整個(gè)過(guò)程 先來(lái)看下項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu) 我把配置文件拆分為spring-mvc.xml 和spring-jpa.xml兩個(gè)文件，使用 jdbc.properties來(lái)配置數(shù)據(jù)源

準(zhǔn)備

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)腳本

CREATE TABLE `tb_resume` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
  `address` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
  `phone` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of tb_resume
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `tb_resume` VALUES (1, '成龍', '北京朝陽(yáng)', '17611222456');
INSERT INTO `tb_resume` VALUES (2, '甄子丹', '北京海淀', '10086');
INSERT INTO `tb_resume` VALUES (3, '謝霆鋒', '河南鄭州', '10086');
COMMIT;

整合需要的jar

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>spring-data-jpa Maven Webapp</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--hibernate對(duì)jpa的實(shí)現(xiàn)jar-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.21.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.6.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--hibernate相關(guān)jar包,end-->

        <!--spring相關(guān)-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)驅(qū)動(dòng)jar-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.46</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--druid連接池-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--集成spring mvc-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.11.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--jsp-api&servlet-api-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>ssm</finalName>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.1</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <target>8</target>
                        <source>8</source>
                        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

接下來(lái)我來(lái)說(shuō)下如何進(jìn)行集成

1. spring 集成 spring data jpa

1.1 數(shù)據(jù)源配置文件jdbc.properties

這里我們使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是MySQL

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=UTF-8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

1.1 Jpa配置文件 spring-jpa.xml

我們先來(lái)配置一下數(shù)據(jù)源，因?yàn)槲覀冇胮roperties文件來(lái)進(jìn)行配置的，所以我們需要引入下配置文件，然后引入數(shù)據(jù)源，這里數(shù)據(jù)源我們使用的是阿里的Druid

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
        ">
        
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

接下來(lái)配置spring 的包掃描

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lagou"/>

接下來(lái)就配置jpa的EntityManagerFactory以及jpa的事務(wù)管理器還有jpa dao層的一些細(xì)節(jié)，比如配置dao層所在的包，指定EntityManagerFactory以及事務(wù)管理器

<!--配置EntityManagerFactory-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <!--數(shù)據(jù)源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--配置包掃描（實(shí)體所在包）-->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.lagou.pojo"/>
        <!--指定jpa的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)，這里用的hibernate-->
        <property name="persistenceProvider">
            <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
        </property>
        <!--指定方言-->
        <property name="jpaDialect">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
        </property>
        <!--配置具體的provider hibernate框架執(zhí)行細(xì)節(jié)-->
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter" >
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <!--指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)類(lèi)型-->
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/>
                <!--程序啟動(dòng)之后是否需要給數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)創(chuàng)建映射表-->
                <property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>
                <!--是否打印sql-->
                <property name="showSql" value="true"/>
                <!--配置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)方言，根據(jù)不同數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)執(zhí)行各自的語(yǔ)法-->
                <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!--配置jpa事務(wù)管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置jpa dao層細(xì)節(jié)-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.lagou.dao" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"
                      transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"/>

到這里，我們關(guān)于jpa的配置以及完全結(jié)束。

1.3 Jpa 實(shí)體對(duì)象配置Resume.java

配置一個(gè)Jpa對(duì)象需要使用到一下注解

• @Entity 告訴Jpa，這是我們配置的一個(gè)實(shí)體類(lèi)

• @Table 指定類(lèi)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表映射關(guān)系

• @Id 標(biāo)記主鍵ID

• @GeneratedValue 主鍵生成策略，根據(jù)不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以配置不同的策略

• @Column 指定實(shí)體屬性和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中屬性的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系

@Entity
@Table(name = "tb_resume")
@Data
@ToString
public class Resume {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;

    @Column(name = "name")
    private String name;

    @Column(name = "address")
    private String address;

    @Column(name = "phone")
    private String phone;
}

1.4 配置Jpa dao層接口ResumeDao.java

想要使用jpa提供的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作方法，我們需要繼承JpaRepository 和JpaSpecificationExecutor兩個(gè)接口，這里可能有同學(xué)會(huì)問(wèn)了，java不是單繼承嗎？ 注意，這里的ResumeDao是接口，接口是可以多繼承的。 JpaRepository 和JpaSpecificationExecutor這兩個(gè)接口提供了我們常用的一些增刪改查操作，繼承之后就不需要我們自己寫(xiě)這些SQL操作了。

public interface ResumeDao extends JpaRepository<Resume, Integer>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Resume> {
}

1.5 整合測(cè)試

以上我們所有jpa相關(guān)的配置都以及完成了，接下來(lái)我們來(lái)測(cè)試下，我們的配置有沒(méi)有問(wèn)題 測(cè)試類(lèi)ResumeDaoTest.java 這里我們使用junit4來(lái)進(jìn)行測(cè)試，里面有兩個(gè)測(cè)試用例，查詢(xún)所有和添加，我們分別來(lái)測(cè)試下

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath*:spring-*.xml"})
public class ResumeDaoTest {

    @Autowired
    private ResumeDao resumeDao;

    @Test
    public void findAll() {
        List<Resume> all = resumeDao.findAll();
        System.out.println(all);
    }

    @Test
    public void add() {
        Resume resume = new Resume();
        resume.setName("王五");
        resume.setAddress("Henan");
        resume.setPhone("17611222722");
        System.out.println(resumeDao.save(resume));
    }
    
}

findAll()

add() 可以看到，查詢(xún)和添加都正常，接下來(lái)我們看下和springmvc的集成

2. spring 集成springMvc

2.1 配置文件spring-mvc.xml

相較于jpa的整合，spring mvc的整合就簡(jiǎn)單了一點(diǎn)，都比較簡(jiǎn)單，我們就不解釋了

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        ">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lagou.controller"/>

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--配置spring mvc的視圖解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <mvc:resources location="/WEB-INF/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
    <mvc:resources location="/layer/" mapping="/layer/**"/>
</beans>

2.2 Servlet配置文件web.xml

主要是配置spring mvc的監(jiān)聽(tīng)類(lèi)DispatcherServlet，配置一下攔截路徑，這里我們直接攔截出了jsp之外的所有文件。另外為了防止字符亂碼，這里我們配置了字符過(guò)濾器

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>/jsp/login.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>

    <!--配置編碼過(guò)濾器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>

    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath*:spring-*.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.3 配置controller ResumeController.java

這里我們配置了針對(duì)resume的基本增刪改查操作，以及一些跳轉(zhuǎn)操作

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/resume")
public class ResumeController {

    @Resource
    private ResumeService resumeService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getAll", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public Result getAll() {
        return resumeService.getResumeList();
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/toAdd")
    public String addResume() {
        return "addResume";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public Result addResume(@RequestBody Resume resume) {
        return resumeService.addResume(resume);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/update")
    @ResponseBody
    public Result toUpdate(@RequestBody Resume resume) {
        return resumeService.updateResume(resume);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/toUpdate/{id}")
    public String toUpdateResume(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, ModelMap modelMap) {
        Result resume = resumeService.getResumeById(id);
        modelMap.addAttribute("resume", resume.getResult());
        return "editResume";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/delete/{id}")
    @ResponseBody
    public Result deleteResume(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        return resumeService.deleteResume(id);
    }
}

2.4 配置service接口ResumeService

public interface ResumeService {

    Result getResumeList();

    Result getResumeById(Integer id);

    Result addResume(Resume resume);

    Result updateResume(Resume resume);

    Result deleteResume(Integer id);
}

2.5 配置service實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)ResumeServiceImpl.java

@Service
public class ResumeServiceImpl implements ResumeService {

    @Resource
    private ResumeDao resumeDao;

    @Override
    public Result getResumeList() {
        return ResultUtils.success(resumeDao.findAll());
    }

    @Override
    public Result getResumeById(Integer id) {
        Optional<Resume> resume = resumeDao.findById(id);
        return ResultUtils.success(resume.orElse(null));
    }

    @Override
    public Result addResume(Resume resume) {
        return ResultUtils.success(resumeDao.save(resume));
    }

    @Override
    public Result updateResume(Resume resume) {
        return ResultUtils.success(resumeDao.save(resume));
    }

    @Override
    public Result deleteResume(Integer id) {
        Optional<Resume> resume = resumeDao.findById(id);
        if (!resume.isPresent()) {
            return ResultUtils.error(500, "請(qǐng)求刪除對(duì)象未找到");
        }
        resumeDao.delete(resume.get());
        return ResultUtils.success();
    }
}

2.6 測(cè)試

其實(shí)項(xiàng)目中我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的登錄，以及針對(duì)resume的增刪改查操作，因?yàn)檫@不是我們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，所以我就不貼代碼了，想要完整項(xiàng)目的可以去我的碼云上面下載完整代碼 我們直接看測(cè)試情況

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