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小編給大家分享一下ceph中使用技巧有哪些，相信大部分人都還不怎么了解，因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲，下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧！
如果ceph設(shè)置了cephx，就可以為不同的用戶設(shè)置權(quán)限。
#創(chuàng)建dummy的key $ ceph auth get-or-create client.dummy mon 'allow r' osd 'allow rwx pool=dummy' [client.dummy] key = AQAPiu1RCMb4CxAAmP7rrufwZPRqy8bpQa2OeQ== $ ceph auth list installed auth entries: ... client.dummy key: AQAPiu1RCMb4CxAAmP7rrufwZPRqy8bpQa2OeQ== caps: [mon] allow r caps: [osd] allow rwx pool=dummy ... #對dummy的key重新分配權(quán)限 $ ceph auth caps client.dummy mon 'allow rwx' osd 'allow rwx pool=dummy' updated caps for client.dummy $ ceph auth list installed auth entries: client.dummy key: AQAPiu1RCMb4CxAAmP7rrufwZPRqy8bpQa2OeQ== caps: [mon] allow rwx caps: [osd] allow allow rwx pool=dummy/dev/sda2 /srv/ceph/osdX1 xfs rw,noexec,nodev,noatime,nodiratime,barrier=0 0 0
由于rbd showmapped只能顯示本地掛載的rbd設(shè)備，如果機器比較多，而你恰好忘了在哪里map的了，就只能逐個機器找了。利用listwatchers可以解決這個問題。
對于image format為1的塊：
$ rbd info boot rbd image 'boot': size 10240 MB in 2560 objects order 22 (4096 kB objects) block_name_prefix: rb.0.89ee.2ae8944a format: 1 $ rados -p rbd listwatchers boot.rbd watcher=192.168.251.102:0/2550823152 client.35321 cookie=1
對于image format為2的塊，有些不一樣：
[root@osd2 ceph]# rbd info myrbd/rbd1 rbd image 'rbd1': size 8192 kB in 2 objects order 22 (4096 kB objects) block_name_prefix: rbd_data.13436b8b4567 format: 2 features: layering [root@osd2 ceph]# rados -p myrbd listwatchers rbd_header.13436b8b4567 watcher=192.168.108.3:0/2292307264 client.5130 cookie=1
需要將rbd info得到的序號加到rbd_header后面。
之前在一些博客看到刪除巨型rbd image，如果直接通過rbd rm的話會很耗時（漫長的夜）。但在ceph 0.87上嘗試了一下，這個問題已經(jīng)不存在了，具體過程如下：
#創(chuàng)建一個1PB大小的塊 [root@osd2 ceph]# time rbd create myrbd/huge-image -s 1024000000 real 0m0.353s user 0m0.016s sys 0m0.009s [root@osd2 ceph]# rbd info myrbd/huge-image rbd image 'huge-image': size 976 TB in 256000000 objects order 22 (4096 kB objects) block_name_prefix: rb.0.1489.6b8b4567 format: 1 [root@osd2 ceph]# time rbd rm myrbd/huge-image Removing image: 2% complete...^\Quit (core dumped) real 10m24.406s user 18m58.335s sys 11m39.507s
上面創(chuàng)建了一個1PB大小的塊，也許是太大了，直接rbd rm刪除的時候還是很慢，所以用了一下方法：
[root@osd2 ceph]# rados -p myrbd rm huge-image.rbd [root@osd2 ceph]# time rbd rm myrbd/huge-image 2014-11-06 09:44:42.916826 7fdb4fd5a7e0 -1 librbd::ImageCtx: error finding header: (2) No such file or directory Removing image: 100% complete...done. real 0m0.192s user 0m0.012s sys 0m0.013s
來個1TB大小的塊試試：
[root@osd2 ceph]# rbd create myrbd/huge-image -s 1024000 [root@osd2 ceph]# rbd info myrbd/huge-image rbd image 'huge-image': size 1000 GB in 256000 objects order 22 (4096 kB objects) block_name_prefix: rb.0.149c.6b8b4567 format: 1 [root@osd2 ceph]# time rbd rm myrbd/huge-image Removing image: 100% complete...done. real 0m29.418s user 0m52.467s sys 0m32.372s
所以巨型的塊刪除還是要用以下方法：
format 1：
[root@osd2 ceph]# rbd create myrbd/huge-image -s 1024000000 [root@osd2 ceph]# rbd info myrbd/huge-image rbd image 'huge-image': size 976 TB in 256000000 objects order 22 (4096 kB objects) block_name_prefix: rb.0.14a5.6b8b4567 format: 1 [root@osd2 ceph]# rados -p myrbd rm huge-image.rbd [root@osd2 ceph]# time rados -p myrbd ls|grep '^rb.0.14a5.6b8b4567'|xargs -n 200 rados -p myrbd rm [root@osd2 ceph]# time rbd rm myrbd/huge-image 2014-11-06 09:54:12.718211 7ffae55747e0 -1 librbd::ImageCtx: error finding header: (2) No such file or directory Removing image: 100% complete...done. real 0m0.191s user 0m0.015s sys 0m0.010s
format 2:
[root@osd2 ceph]# rbd create myrbd/huge-image -s 1024000000 --image-format=2 [root@osd2 ceph]# rbd info myrbd/huge-image rbd image 'huge-image': size 976 TB in 256000000 objects order 22 (4096 kB objects) block_name_prefix: rbd_data.14986b8b4567 format: 2 features: layering [root@osd2 ceph]# rados -p myrbd rm rbd_id.huge-image [root@osd2 ceph]# rados -p myrbd rm rbd_header.14986b8b4567 [root@osd2 ceph]# rados -p myrbd ls | grep '^rbd_data.14986b8b4567' | xargs -n 200 rados -p myrbd rm [root@osd2 ceph]# time rbd rm myrbd/huge-image 2014-11-06 09:59:26.043671 7f6b6923c7e0 -1 librbd::ImageCtx: error finding header: (2) No such file or directory Removing image: 100% complete...done. real 0m0.192s user 0m0.016s sys 0m0.010s
注意，如果塊是空的，不許要xargs那條語句；如果是非空就需要了。
所以，如果是100TB以上的塊，最好還是先刪除id，再rbd rm進行刪除。
$ sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -drive format=? Supported formats: vvfat vpc vmdk vhdx vdi sheepdog sheepdog sheepdog rbd raw host_cdrom host_floppy host_device file qed qcow2 qcow parallels nbd nbd nbd dmg tftp ftps ftp https http cow cloop bochs blkverify blkdebug $ qemu-img -h ... ... Supported formats: vvfat vpc vmdk vhdx vdi sheepdog sheepdog sheepdog rbd raw host_cdrom host_floppy host_device file qed qcow2 qcow parallels nbd nbd nbd dmg tftp ftps ftp https http cow cloop bochs blkverify blkdebug
可以到 http://ceph.com/packages/下載最新的rpm或deb包。
一種簡單實用的存儲方法，具體如下：
#安裝nfs rpm [root@osd1 current]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile epel/metalink | 5.5 kB 00:00 * base: mirrors.cug.edu.cn * epel: mirrors.yun-idc.com * extras: mirrors.btte.net * rpmforge: ftp.riken.jp * updates: mirrors.btte.net Ceph | 951 B 00:00 Ceph-noarch | 951 B 00:00 base | 3.7 kB 00:00 ceph-source | 951 B 00:00 epel | 4.4 kB 00:00 epel/primary_db | 6.3 MB 00:01 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 rpmforge | 1.9 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 188 kB 00:00 69 packages excluded due to repository priority protections Setting up Install Process Package rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-39.el6 will be updated ---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ====================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================================================================================== Updating: nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6 base 326 k Transaction Summary ====================================================================================================================================== Upgrade 1 Package(s) Total download size: 326 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64.rpm | 326 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Updating : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-39.el6.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-39.el6.x86_64 2/2 Updated: nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6 #創(chuàng)建一個塊并格式化、掛載 [root@osd1 current]# rbd create myrbd/nfs_image -s 1024000 --image-format=2 [root@osd1 current]# rbd map myrbd/nfs_image /dev/rbd0 [root@osd1 current]# mkdir /mnt/nfs [root@osd1 current]# mkfs.xfs /dev/rbd0 log stripe unit (4194304 bytes) is too large (maximum is 256KiB) log stripe unit adjusted to 32KiB meta-data=/dev/rbd0 isize=256 agcount=33, agsize=8190976 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144000, imaxpct=25 = sunit=1024 swidth=1024 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=128000, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@osd1 current]# mount /dev/rbd0 -o rw,noexec,nodev,noatime,nobarrier /mnt/nfs #改寫exports文件，添加一行 [root@osd1 current]# vim /etc/exports /mnt/nfs 192.168.108.0/24(rw,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,async) [root@osd1 current]# exportfs -r 這里還需要執(zhí)行指令service rpcbind start [root@osd1 current]# service nfs start Starting NFS services: [ OK ] Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ] Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] 此時客戶端就可以掛載了?？蛻舳诉\行： showmount -e 192.168.108.2 然后進行掛載： mount -t nfs 192.168.108.2:/mnt/nfs /mnt/nfs
如果無法掛載，運行 service rpcbind start或 service portmap start命令試一下。
以上是“ceph中使用技巧有哪些”這篇文章的所有內(nèi)容，感謝各位的閱讀！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的內(nèi)容對大家有所幫助，如果還想學(xué)習(xí)更多知識，歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道！
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