MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫常用基礎(chǔ)命令有哪些

這篇文章給大家分享的是有關(guān)MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫常用基礎(chǔ)命令有哪些的內(nèi)容。小編覺得挺實(shí)用的，因此分享給大家做個(gè)參考，一起跟隨小編過來看看吧。

1、使用幫助信息

   登陸數(shù)據(jù)庫就不介紹了哦

   比如說想做創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作，不知道命令，就可以查看幫助信息

mysql> help create;

Many help items for your request exist.

To make a more specific request, please type 'help <item>',

where <item> is one of the following

topics:

   CREATE DATABASE   #最簡單的創(chuàng)建命令

   CREATE EVENT

   CREATE FUNCTION

   CREATE FUNCTION UDF

   CREATE INDEX

   CREATE LOGFILE GROUP

   CREATE PROCEDURE

   CREATE SERVER

   CREATE TABLE

   CREATE TABLESPACE

   CREATE TRIGGER

   CREATE USER

   CREATE VIEW

   SHOW

   SHOW CREATE DATABASE

   SHOW CREATE EVENT

   SHOW CREATE FUNCTION

   SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE

   SHOW CREATE TABLE

   SPATIAL

2、創(chuàng)建、刪除、查看數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> create database test_data;

   #創(chuàng)建默認(rèn)字符集的數(shù)據(jù)庫（默認(rèn)是拉丁字符集）

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> show databases like "test%";

+------------------+

| Database (test%) |

+------------------+

| test_data        |

+------------------+

1 rows in set (0.00 sec)

創(chuàng)建gbk字符集的數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> create database test_gbk DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> show create database test_gbk; 

#查看創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的語句

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Database | Create Database                                                    |

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| test_gbk | CREATE DATABASE `test_gbk` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ |

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> drop database test_data;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> show databases;

+----------------------------+

| Database                   |

+----------------------------+

| information_schema |

| test_gbk                    |

+----------------------------+

3、連接數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> use test_gbk;

#相當(dāng)于cd命令，切換到數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行操作

Database changed

mysql> select database();

#查看當(dāng)前連接的數(shù)據(jù)庫，相當(dāng)于pwd

+------------+

| database() |

+------------+

| test_gbk   |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user();

#查看當(dāng)前連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的用戶,相當(dāng)于whoami

+--------------------+

| user()               |

+-------------------+

| root@localhost |

+--------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4、創(chuàng)建用戶、授權(quán)、收回權(quán)限

當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建完成后，就需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建用戶，以供需要連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的人員使用與操作數(shù)據(jù)庫，不可能人人使用root登陸，所以權(quán)限設(shè)置也是很重要的

mysql> grant all on test_gbk.* to 'testuser'@'localhost' identified by '123456';

 #創(chuàng)建用戶并all權(quán)限給在test_gbk庫所有表，密碼‘123456’

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

#刷新權(quán)限，使權(quán)限生效

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'testuser'@'localhost';

#查看用戶有哪些權(quán)限

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for testuser@localhost                                                                                                  |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'testuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `test_gbk`.* TO 'testuser'@'localhost'                                  |

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

收回權(quán)限

mysql> revoke insert,update,select,delete on test_gbk.* from 'testuser'@'localhost';

#將以上權(quán)限收回

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'testuser'@'localhost';                                       

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for testuser@localhost                                                                          |

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'testuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9'           |

| GRANT CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER ON `test_gbk`.* TO 'testuser'@'localhost' |

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注：原來不知道all權(quán)限到底是哪些權(quán)限，采用這種方法之后，應(yīng)該就清楚了

SELECT,INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER

5、創(chuàng)建、刪除表

mysql> create table test(id int(4)not null,name char(20)not null);

#建表，并且建立兩個(gè)字段

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> show tables;#查看表

+--------------------+

| Tables_in_test_gbk |

+--------------------+

| test                     |

+--------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc test; #查看表結(jié)構(gòu)

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(4)   | NO   |     | NULL    |       |

| name  | char(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> create table test1(id int(4)not null,name char(20)not null);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show tables;

+------------------------+

| Tables_in_test_gbk |

+------------------------+

| test                        |

| test1                     |

+--------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

刪除表

mysql> drop tables test;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show tables;

+--------------------+

| Tables_in_test_gbk |

+--------------------+

| test1                 |

+--------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

查看建表

mysql> show create table test1\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

       Table: test1

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test1` (

  `id` int(4) NOT NULL,

  `name` char(20) NOT NULL

) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

感謝各位的閱讀！關(guān)于“MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫常用基礎(chǔ)命令有哪些”這篇文章就分享到這里了，希望以上內(nèi)容可以對大家有一定的幫助，讓大家可以學(xué)到更多知識(shí)，如果覺得文章不錯(cuò)，可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到吧！