怎么利用Python開發(fā)一個(gè)桌面小程序

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開發(fā)環(huán)境：

• Python 3.6

• Pycharm

代碼

界面設(shè)置

1.導(dǎo)入模塊

import tkinter as tk

2.實(shí)例化一個(gè)窗體對象

root = tk.Tk()

3.標(biāo)題

root.title('計(jì)算器')

4.大小以及出現(xiàn)的位置

root.geometry("295x280+150+150")

5.透明度

root.attributes("-alpha", 0.9)

6.背景

root["background"] = "#ffffff"

7.標(biāo)簽

lable1 = tk.Label(root, textvariable=result_num, width=20, height=2, font=('宋體', 20), justify='left', background='#ffffff', anchor='se')

8.布局

lable1.grid(padx=4, pady=4, row=0, column=0, columnspan=4)

9.按鈕

button_clear = tk.Button(root, text='C', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: clear())
button_back = tk.Button(root, text='←', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: back())
button_division = tk.Button(root, text='/', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: operator('/'))
button_multiplication = tk.Button(root, text='x', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: operator('*'))

button_clear            .grid(padx=4, row=1, column=0)
button_back             .grid(padx=4, row=1, column=1)
button_division         .grid(padx=4, row=1, column=2)
button_multiplication   .grid(padx=4, row=1, column=3)

button_seven = tk.Button(root, text='7', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('7'))
button_eight = tk.Button(root, text='8', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('8'))
button_nine = tk.Button(root, text='9', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('9'))
button_subtraction = tk.Button(root, text='—', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: operator('-'))
button_seven        .grid(padx=4, row=2, column=0)
button_eight        .grid(padx=4, row=2, column=1)
button_nine         .grid(padx=4, row=2, column=2)
button_subtraction  .grid(padx=4, row=2, column=3)


button_four = tk.Button(root, text='4', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('4'))
button_four.grid(padx=4, pady=4, row=3, column=0)
button_five = tk.Button(root, text='5', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('5'))
button_five.grid(padx=4, row=3, column=1)
button_six = tk.Button(root, text='6', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('6'))
button_six.grid(padx=4, row=3, column=2)
button_addition = tk.Button(root, text='+', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: operator('+'))
button_addition.grid(padx=4, row=3, column=3)

button_one = tk.Button(root, text='1', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('1'))
button_one.grid(padx=4, row=4, column=0)
button_two = tk.Button(root, text='2', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('2'))
button_two.grid(padx=4, row=4, column=1)
button_three = tk.Button(root, text='3', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('3'))
button_three.grid(padx=4, row=4, column=2)
button_equal = tk.Button(root, text='=', width=5, height=3, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: equal())
button_equal.grid(padx=4, row=4, rowspan=5, column=3)

button_zero = tk.Button(root, text='0', width=12, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('0'))
button_zero.grid(padx=4, pady=4, row=5, column=0, columnspan=2)
button_decimal = tk.Button(root, text='.', width=5, font=('宋體', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('.'))
button_decimal.grid(padx=4, row=5, column=2)

現(xiàn)在得出界面效果

功能

添加數(shù)字

def append_num(i):
    lists.append(i)
    result_num.set(''.join(lists))

選擇運(yùn)算符號

def operator(i):
    if len(lists) > 0:
        if lists[-1] in ['+', '-', '*', '/']:
            lists[-1] = i
        else:
            lists.append(i)
        result_num.set(''.join(lists))

清零

def clear():
    lists.clear()
    result_num.set(0)

退格

def back():
    del lists[-1]
    result_num.set(lists)

等號

def equal():
    a = ''.join(lists)
    end_num = eval(a)
    result_num.set(end_num)
    lists.clear()
    lists.append(str(end_num))

定義一個(gè)列表收集輸入的內(nèi)容

lists = []
result_num = tk.StringVar()
result_num.set(0)

最后運(yùn)行代碼，效果如下圖

先試試

運(yùn)算得出結(jié)果

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