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這篇文章將為大家詳細(xì)講解有關(guān)如何理解ASP.NET MVC中的FluentHtml與連續(xù)接口,文章內(nèi)容質(zhì)量較高,因此小編分享給大家做個(gè)參考,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后對(duì)相關(guān)知識(shí)有一定的了解。
我們力求頁(yè)面層代碼簡(jiǎn)潔并具有較好的可讀性,在ASP.NET MVC的平臺(tái)上,我們以新的起點(diǎn)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo).MvcContrib.FluentHtml和Spark ViewEngine給我們做出了榜樣.本文將以MvcContrib.FluentHtml為例探究它的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制:Fluent Interface.
在MvcContrib.FluentHtml的應(yīng)用中,我們隨處可以見(jiàn)到下面的代碼:
< %= this.TextBox(x => x.Person.Name).Title("Enter the person's name").Label("Name:") %> …… < %= this.Select(x => x.Person.Gender).Options(Model.Genders).Size(5).Label("Gender:") .Title("Select the person's gender") %>
瀏覽器中生成的代碼為:
< LABEL id=Person_Name_Label for=Person_Name>Name:< /LABEL> < INPUT id=Person_Name title="Enter the person's name" value=Jeremy maxLength=50 name=Person.Name> . < SELECT id=Person_Gender title="Select the person's gender" size=5 name=Person.Gender>< OPTION selected value=M>Male< /OPTION>< OPTION value=F>Female< /OPTION>< /SELECT>
上面對(duì)動(dòng)態(tài)生成TextBox和Select的代碼很有意思,我們使用普通的方式在頁(yè)面上生成同樣的客戶(hù)端代碼,CS代碼大致是這樣的:
Label label = new Label(); label.Text = "Name"; TextBox textbox= new TextBox(); textbox.ToolTip ="Enter the person's name"; textbox.ID = "No.10001"; textbox.ID = "Person.Name";
而FluentHtml創(chuàng)建頁(yè)面元素的方式讓我們很容易聯(lián)想到StringBuilder的使用:
StringBuilder stringbuilder = new StringBuilder(); stringbuilder.Append("Hello").Append(" ").Append("World!");
Fulent Interface 這種實(shí)現(xiàn)編程方式就是"Fluent Interface",這并不是什么新概念,2005年Eric Evans 和Martin Fowler就為這種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式命名.源文檔 <http://www.martinfowler.com/bliki/FluentInterface.html> 可以通過(guò)維基百科中對(duì)Fluent Interface的描述獲得一個(gè)基本的了解:In software engineering, a fluent interface (as first coined by Eric Evans and Martin Fowler) is a way of implementing an object oriented API in a way that aims to provide for more readable code.
我們分解上面的話(huà):
它是面向?qū)ο驛PI的一種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,目的是增加代碼的可讀性.。既然我們最熟悉的是StringBuilder,我們就從這個(gè)線(xiàn)索追下去:打開(kāi)Reflector,很容易找到StringBuilder的Append方法:
public StringBuilder Append(string value) { if (value != null) { string stringValue = this.m_StringValue; IntPtr currentThread = Thread.InternalGetCurrentThread(); if (this.m_currentThread != currentThread) { stringstringValue = string.GetStringForStringBuilder(stringValue, stringValue.Capacity); } int length = stringValue.Length; int requiredLength = length + value.Length; if (this.NeedsAllocation(stringValue, requiredLength)) { string newString = this.GetNewString(stringValue, requiredLength); newString.AppendInPlace(value, length); this.ReplaceString(currentThread, newString); } else { stringValue.AppendInPlace(value, length); this.ReplaceString(currentThread, stringValue); } } return this; }
閱讀這段有兩個(gè)特別要注意的點(diǎn):1.方法的返回值是StringBuilder類(lèi)型 2.***一句:return this;為了深刻理解,我們寫(xiě)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的StringBuilder:
public interface IContentBuilder { void WriteContent(); IContentBuilder Append(string partialContent); } public class TestContentBuilder : IContentBuilder { string temp; #region IContentBuilder Members void IContentBuilder.WriteContent() { Console.Write(temp); } IContentBuilder IContentBuilder.Append(string partialContent) { temp += partialContent; return this; } #endregion } … … //調(diào)用代碼 IContentBuilder t = new TestContentBuilder(); t.Append("test").Append("Hello").WriteContent();
跑一下代碼,和StringBuilder效果是一樣的.從上面的應(yīng)用也可以看出:Fluent Interface經(jīng)常用來(lái)完成對(duì)象的構(gòu)造和屬性賦值.
言歸正傳:FluentHTML了解了Fluent Interface,我們來(lái)看一下MVCContrib.FluentHTML的實(shí)現(xiàn),這里以TextBox為例進(jìn)行考察,首先看一下它的繼承關(guān)系:
public class TextBox : TextInput public abstract class TextInput : Input, ISupportsMaxLength where T : TextInput public abstract class Input : FormElement where T : Input, Ielement
泛型是一種高層次的算法抽象,我們就通過(guò)Input
public abstract class Input : FormElement where T : Input, IElement { protected object elementValue; protected Input(string type, string name) : base(HtmlTag.Input, name) { builder.MergeAttribute(HtmlAttribute.Type, type, true); } protected Input(string type, string name, MemberExpression forMember, IEnumerable behaviors) : base(HtmlTag.Input, name, forMember, behaviors) { builder.MergeAttribute(HtmlAttribute.Type, type, true); } /// /// Set the 'value' attribute. /// /// The value for the attribute. public virtual T Value(object value) { elementValue = value; return (T)this; } /// /// Set the 'size' attribute. /// /// The value for the attribute. public virtual T Size(int value) { Attr(HtmlAttribute.Size, value); return (T)this; } protected override void PreRender() { Attr(HtmlAttribute.Value, elementValue); base.PreRender(); } } 以Size方法為例,可以看出這是一種典型的Fluent Interface實(shí)現(xiàn): public virtual T Size(int value) { Attr(HtmlAttribute.Size, value); return (T)this; }
分析到這里,上面的語(yǔ)句中還有一點(diǎn)比較奇怪,就是Lambda表達(dá)式的部分:
this.TextBox(x => x.Person.Name).Title("Enter the person's name").Label("Name:")
TextBox的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼里面我們沒(méi)有看到對(duì)Lambda表達(dá)式的支持.那是在什么地方完成的呢?通過(guò)跟進(jìn),我們來(lái)到了ViewDataContainerExtensions,它是IViewDataCon
namespace MvcContrib.FluentHtml { /// /// Extensions to IViewDataContainer /// public static class ViewDataContainerExtensions { /// /// Generate an HTML input element of type 'text' and set its value from ViewData based on the name provided. /// /// The view. /// Value of the 'name' attribute of the element.Also used to derive the 'id' attribute. public static TextBox TextBox(this IViewDataContainer view, string name) { return new TextBox(name).Value(view.ViewData.Eval(name)); } … …
tainer 的Extension Method:
看一下return new TextBox(name).Value(view.ViewData.Eval(name));所以這里就成了TextBox定義方法鏈的***步.
FluentHtml與連續(xù)接口總結(jié)
為了能夠在View中能夠簡(jiǎn)潔清晰的構(gòu)造HTML元素,Asp.net MVC中通過(guò)htmlHelper.InputHelper來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)頁(yè)面元素的構(gòu)造. 頁(yè)面層所使用的<%=>,HTML也是htmlHelper的Extension Method.相比較起來(lái),htmlHelper提供了基礎(chǔ)的頁(yè)面控件定義和構(gòu)造,而FluentHTML表現(xiàn)的更為靈活。
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