MVC3如何快速搭建Web應(yīng)用

這篇文章給大家分享的是有關(guān)MVC3如何快速搭建Web應(yīng)用的內(nèi)容。小編覺得挺實用的，因此分享給大家做個參考，一起跟隨小編過來看看吧。

Web應(yīng)用不像winform應(yīng)用，要想讓用戶得到更流暢更舒適的體驗，方法之一就是模擬winform的窗口操作，使用戶在瀏覽器中也能像桌面一樣舒服。在界面框架方面我們有大家最熟悉的jquery ui，有Ext等等，經(jīng)過一系列的篩選，我們最終決定使用easyui，文檔教程例子都比較全面的一個js ui框架。首先我們來看看用到的js文件

<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.7.2.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> jquery主文件  <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.easyui.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> easy ui主文件  <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.validate.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> 校驗組件   <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery.form.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> 表單組件  <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/easyui-lang-zh_CN.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> easyui的中文化  <script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/messages_cn.js")" type="text/javascript"></script> 校驗組件的中文化

我們把它添加到mvc的Shared/_Layout.cshtml中。這樣我們的項目所有Layout=null的視圖都擁有了easyui支持。

在MVC3中，當(dāng)你右鍵添加一個控制器時，向?qū)屇氵x擇：

其中模版我們選擇使用實體框架并生成相關(guān)actions與views，Model選擇你實體框架中對應(yīng)的表名（類名），DataContext選擇上下文類

Views引擎選擇Razor，高級選項里的兩個勾都去掉，因為我們不需要引用內(nèi)置的腳本庫，也不需要選擇layout（不選擇layout,MVC默認(rèn)該view使用Shared/_Layout.cshtml，也就是剛才我們添加js文件link的那個文件)。

確認(rèn)上一篇中你下載的t4模版放進(jìn)了它應(yīng)該存在的地方（最好備份一下原始的），當(dāng)你點擊Add時，vs會自動在Controllers下面添加相應(yīng)的控制器，在views文件夾下添加Create、Edit、Delete、Details、Index五個文件。下面我們一一查看他們的內(nèi)容：

控制器中，action已經(jīng)自動幫你添加完畢

private BsmisEntities db = new BsmisEntities();          //          // GET: /User/           public ViewResult Index()          {              return View();          }           //          // GET: /User/Create          public ActionResult Create()          {              return View();          }            //          // POST: /User/Create          [HttpPost]          public ActionResult Create(T_User t_user)          {              JsonResult result = new JsonResult();              result.Data = true;              try             {                   if (t_user.Enable == null)                      t_user.Enable = 0;                   db.T_User.AddObject(t_user);                   db.SaveChanges();              }              catch (Exception ee)              {                  result.Data = ee.Message;              }              return result;          }           //          // GET: /User/Edit/5          [OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None)]          public ActionResult Edit(int id)          {              T_User t_user = db.T_User.Single(t => t.UserID == id);              ViewBag.DepartmentID = new SelectList(db.T_DepartmentInfo, "DepartmentID", "Code", t_user.DepartmentID);              return View(t_user);          }           //          // POST: /User/Edit/5           [HttpPost]          [OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None)]          public ActionResult Edit(T_User t_user)          {              JsonResult result = new JsonResult();              result.Data = true;              try             {                  db.T_User.Attach(t_user);                  db.ObjectStateManager.ChangeObjectState(t_user, EntityState.Modified);                  db.SaveChanges();              }              catch (Exception ee)              {                  result.Data = ee.Message;              }              return result;           }           //          // POST: /User/Delete/5          [HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]          public ActionResult DeleteConfirmed(int id)          {   　JsonResult json=new JsonResult();  json.Data=true;  try {            T_User t_user = db.T_User.Single(t => t.UserID ==id);              db.T_User.DeleteObject(t_user);              db.SaveChanges();  }  catch(Exception ee)  {  json.Data=ee.Message;  }  return json;        }            /// <summary>          /// 數(shù)據(jù)顯示、分頁信息          /// </summary>          /// <param name="page"></param>          /// <param name="rows"></param>          /// <returns></returns>          public JsonResult List(int page, int rows)          {              var q = from u in db.T_User                      join d in db.T_DepartmentInfo on u.DepartmentID equals d.DepartmentID                      orderby u.UserID                      select new                         {                              UserID = u.UserID,                              UserName = u.UserName,                              Address = u.Address,                              Birth = u.Birth,                              DepartmentID = u.DepartmentID,                              DepartmentName = d.Name,                              Enable = u.Enable,                              Gendar = u.Gendar,                              IDCardNumber = u.IDCardNumber,                              LastAccessIP = u.LastAccessIP,                              LastAccessTime = u.LastAccessTime,                              LogonTimes = u.LogonTimes,                              Password = u.Password,                              PostCode = u.PostCode,                              RealName = u.RealName,                              Tel = u.Tel,                              Province = u.Province,                              City = u.City,                              Area = u.Area                          };                var result = q.Skip((page - 1) * rows).Take(rows).ToList();              Dictionary<string, object> json = new Dictionary<string, object>();              json.Add("total", q.ToList().Count);              json.Add("rows", result);               return Json(json, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);          }

這些action分別對應(yīng)create、delete、edit、index視圖（detail我們一般情況下不需要它，所以我的模版里沒有寫對應(yīng)的生成代碼）你可以比較一下它與原生的模版生成的代碼之間的區(qū)別。后期我們還會在控制器里添加一些譬如檢查名稱是否重名之類的action

[OutputCache(Location = OutputCacheLocation.None)]          public JsonResult CheckRealNameExist(string RealName, int UserID)          {              JsonResult result = new JsonResult();              result.JsonRequestBehavior = JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet;               result.Data = false;              try             {                  if (UserID == 0)                  {                      if (db.T_User.Any(p => p.RealName == RealName))                      {                          return result;                      }                   }                  else                 {                      if (db.T_User.Any(p => ((p.UserID != UserID) && (p.RealName == RealName))))                      {                          return result;                      }                  }              }              catch (Exception)              {                  return result;              }               result.Data = true;              return result;           }

返回值一般都是jsonresult。這樣的話，當(dāng)你在瀏覽器中訪問http://localhost:1233/User/CheckRealNameExist?RealName=張三&UserID=0時 你會獲得一個true或false值。是不是跟webservice有點異曲同工？

同樣，在Views文件夾中生成了Create、Edit、Details、Delete、Index五個文件，其中Details與Delete我們不需要，因為我們想使用更友好的異步刪除（用戶單擊delete后，頁面不刷新，成功后瀏覽器下方滑出提示，3秒后關(guān)閉，失敗滑出失敗信息，不自動關(guān)閉 /利用easyui中的messager組件）。以下是Index中的js：

//刪除          function del() {              var id = getselectedRow();              if (id != undefined) {                  $.messager.confirm('確認(rèn)', '確定刪除?', function (r) {                      if (r) {                          var url = 'User/Delete/' + id;                          $.post(url, function () {                           }).success(function () {                              $.messager.show({                                  title: '提示',                                  msg: '刪除成功',                                  timeout: 3000,                                  showType: 'slide'                             });                              $('#dg').datagrid('reload');                          })                              .error(function () {                                  $.messager.alert('錯誤', '刪除發(fā)生錯誤');                              });                       }                  });              }          }

我們把Details與Delete刪除后只剩下Index、Create、Edit三個文件，這三個文件之間的關(guān)系是，Index中包含添加、編輯按鈕，點擊后使用js將對應(yīng)的actionresult加載到div中，以實現(xiàn)彈窗新建，編輯的效果。

//新建          function c_dlg() {              var url = 'User/Create';              $('#c_dlg').show();              $('#c_dlg').load(url, function () {                  $(this).dialog({                      title: '添加',                      buttons: [{                          text: '提交',                          iconCls: 'icon-ok',                          handler: function () {                              $('#c_form').submit();                          }                      }, {                          text: '取消',                          handler: function () {                              $('#c_dlg').dialog('close');                          }                      }]                  });              });          }           //編輯框          function e_dlg() {              var id = getselectedRow();              if (id != undefined) {                  var url = 'User/Edit/' + id;                  $('#e_dlg').show();                  $('#e_dlg').load(url, function () {                      $(this).dialog({                          title: '編輯',                          buttons: [{                              text: '提交',                              iconCls: 'icon-ok',                              handler: function () {                                  $('#e_form').submit();                              }                          }, {                              text: '取消',                              handler: function () {                                  $('#e_dlg').dialog('close');                              }                          }]                      });                  });              }          }

這里面的c_dlg與e_dlg是index頁面的兩個Div節(jié)點：

<div id="c_dlg" style="width:400px;height:520px;display: none"></div> <div id="e_dlg" style="width:400px;height:520px;display: none"></div>

以上的代碼完成將控制器中的action返回的頁面內(nèi)容動態(tài)加載到div中，并以彈窗的特效顯示在當(dāng)前（Index）頁面中。效果如圖：

我們來看看Create\Edit視圖的內(nèi)容，首先是js

<script type="text/javascript">      $(function () {          $('#c_Department').combotree({              url: '@Url.Action("GetComboTreeJson","Department")'         });          $('#c_City').combobox();          $('#c_Area').combobox();                    $('#c_Province').combobox({ url:'CityDic/List/ID/0',              onSelect: function (record) {                  $('#c_City').combobox('reload', 'CityDic/List/ID/' + record.ID).combobox('clear');                  $('#c_Area').combobox('clear');              }          });           $('#c_City').combobox({              onSelect: function (record) {                  $('#c_Area').combobox('reload', 'CityDic/List/ID/' + record.ID).combobox('clear');              }          });                    $('#c_Birth').datebox().datebox('setValue', '@now');                    $("#c_form").validate({              rules: {                  UserName: {                      required: true,                      remote:                          {                              url: 'User/CheckNameExist',                              type: "get",                              dataType: "json",                              data: {                                  Name: function () { return $('#c_UserName').val(); },                                  UserID: function () { return 0; }                              }                          }                  },                  RealName: {                      required:true,                      remote: {                          url: 'User/CheckRealNameExist',                          type: "get",                          dataType: "json",                          data: {                              RealName: function () { return $('#c_RealName').val(); },                              UserID: function () { return 0; }                          }                      }                  }              },              messages: {                  UserName: {                      remote: '名稱重復(fù)'                 },                   RealName: { remote: '名稱重復(fù)' }              },              submitHandler: function (form) {                  ajaxAdd();              }          });      });  </script>

這部分js將本頁面的控件初始化為對應(yīng)的下拉框或日期選取框等等，Html為

@using (Html.BeginForm("Create", "User", FormMethod.Post, new { id = "c_form" }))  {   <fieldset>         <table class="editForm">             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.UserName, "用戶名:")                  </td>                 <td>                                          <input id="c_UserName" name="UserName" style="width: 160px;" required="true" /><span style="color: red">                         *</span>                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.DepartmentID, "組織機(jī)構(gòu):")                  </td>                 <td>                     <input id="c_Department" name="DepartmentID" style="width: 160px;" required="true" /><span style="color: red">                         *</span>                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Password, "密碼:")                  </td>                 <td>                     @Html.PasswordFor(model => model.Password, new { @class = "{required:true,minlength:5}" })<span style="color: red">                         *</span>                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     <label for="confirm_password">                         確認(rèn)密碼</label>                 </td>                 <td>                     <input id="confirm_password" name="confirm_password" type="password" class="{required:true,minlength:5,equalTo:'#Password'}" /><span style="color: red">                         *</span>                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.RealName, "真實姓名:")                  </td>                 <td>                     @Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.RealName, new { @id="c_RealName",@class = "{required:true}" })<span style="color: red">                         *</span>                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Gendar, "性別:")                  </td>                 <td>                     @Html.RadioButtonFor(model => model.Gendar, "男", new { @id = "radio1", @name = "Gendar", @checked = "checked" })                      <label for="radio1">                         男</label>                     @Html.RadioButtonFor(model => model.Gendar, "女", new { @id = "radio2", @name = "Gendar" })                      <label for="radio2">                         女</label>                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Birth, "出生日期:")                  </td>                 <td>                     <input id="c_Birth" required="true" name="Birth" />                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.IDCardNumber, "身份證號碼:")                  </td>                 <td>                     @Html.EditorFor(model => model.IDCardNumber)                  </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Province, "省份:")                  </td>                 <td>                     <input name="Province" valuefield="Name" textfield="Name" panelheight="auto" id="c_Province" style="width: 150px">                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.City, "市:")                  </td>                 <td>                     <input name="City" valuefield="Name" textfield="Name" panelheight="auto" id="c_City" style="width:150px">                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Area, "區(qū)/縣:")                  </td>                 <td>                     <input name="Area" valuefield="Name" textfield="Name" panelheight="auto" id="c_Area" style="width: 150px">                 </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.PostCode, "郵政編碼:")                  </td>                 <td>                     @Html.EditorFor(model => model.PostCode)                  </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Address, "地址:")                  </td>                 <td>                     @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Address)                  </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Tel, "電話:")                  </td>                 <td>                     @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Tel)                  </td>             </tr>             <tr>                 <td>                     @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Enable, "啟用：")                  </td>                 <td>                     @Html.CheckBoxForBool(model=>model.Enable,true,true)                  </td>             </tr>         </table>     </fieldset> }

編輯視圖中也類似如此。當(dāng)單擊保存按鈕后，執(zhí)行

$('#c_form').submit();

這里我們的客戶端校驗在這里：

$("#c_form").validate({              rules: {                  UserName: {                      required: true,                      remote:                          {                              url: 'User/CheckNameExist',                              type: "get",                              dataType: "json",                              data: {                                  Name: function () { return $('#c_UserName').val(); },                                  UserID: function () { return 0; }                              }                          }                  },                  RealName: {                      required:true,                      remote: {                          url: 'User/CheckRealNameExist',                          type: "get",                          dataType: "json",                          data: {                              RealName: function () { return $('#c_RealName').val(); },                              UserID: function () { return 0; }                          }                      }                  }              },              messages: {                  UserName: {                      remote: '名稱重復(fù)'                 },                   RealName: { remote: '名稱重復(fù)' }              },              submitHandler: function (form) {                  ajaxAdd();              }          });

submitHandler方法提供校驗前要做的事情：ajaxAdd()

//異步新建提交          function ajaxAdd() {              $('#c_form').ajaxSubmit({                  url: 'User/Create',                  beforeSubmit: function () {                      if ($('#c_form').form('validate') != true) {                          return false;                      }                      if ($("#c_form").valid() != true) {                          return false;                      }                      return true;                  },                  success: function (data) {                      if (data == true) {                          $('#c_dlg').dialog('close');                          $('#dg').datagrid('reload');                          $.messager.show({                              title: '提示',                              msg: '保存成功',                              timeout: 2000,                              showType: 'slide'                         });                      } else {                          $.messager.show({                              title: '提示',                              msg: '保存失敗:' + data,                              timeout: 2000,                              showType: 'slide'                         });                      }                  }              });               return false;          }

異步提交成功后獲取data，如果是true說明成功了，關(guān)閉“對話框”，刷新表格，彈出提示。失敗的話將data彈出（一般是失敗原因，由controller中的action返回）。下面是Index中的表格：

<table id="dg" class="easyui-datagrid"              toolbar="#toolbar"               rownumbers="true" fitColumns="true" singleSelect="true" pagination="true" fit="true">         <thead>                  <tr>                 <th field="DepartmentName" width="80">                     部門                  </th>                 <th field="UserName" width="100">                     用戶名                  </th>                 <th field="RealName" width="100">                     真實姓名                  </th>                 <th field="Gendar" width="30">                     性別                  </th>                 <th field="Birth" width="70" formatter="formatDate">                     生日                  </th>                 <th field="Tel" width="50">                     電話                  </th>                 <th field="LogonTimes" width="50">                     登陸次數(shù)                  </th>                 <th field="LastAccessIP" width="120">                     最后訪問IP                  </th>                 <th field="LastAccessTime" width="50">                     最后訪問時間                  </th>                 <th field="Enable" width="50" formatter="formatBool">                     狀態(tài)                  </th>             </tr>         </thead>     </table>     <div id="toolbar">         @if (userid != 0 && AuthMgr.HasAuth(userid, "add", 5))          {              <a href="#" class="easyui-linkbutton" iconCls="icon-add" plain="true" onclick="c_dlg();">添加</a>            }          @if (userid != 0 && AuthMgr.HasAuth(userid, "edit", 5))          {              <a href="#" class="easyui-linkbutton" iconCls="icon-edit" plain="true" onclick="e_dlg()" >編輯</a>         }      </div>

其中@if是用來判斷權(quán)限，如果當(dāng)前登陸用戶擁有add權(quán)限，那么就顯示“添加“按鈕。

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