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網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理可分為通過命令行命令實現(xiàn)和配置文件這兩種方式來實現(xiàn)。但是大多數(shù)命令行命令配置的網(wǎng)絡(luò)都是臨時的,卻是立即有效的,而通過配置文件配置的網(wǎng)絡(luò)是永久有效的(當然意外事故就拉倒吧),卻不能立即有效,這是因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理是功能是由內(nèi)核提供的,通過命令配置的網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠直接被內(nèi)核接受到,而我們知道在Linux中一切皆文件,網(wǎng)絡(luò)也不外如是,只有寫入與網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置有關(guān)的文件中才能永久有效,但是這些配置文件卻不能立即被內(nèi)核識別,所以不會立即生效,那就得讓內(nèi)核重讀配置文件才行。
下面先說說命令行命令配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
ifcfg家族:
ifconfig:用來顯示和配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡
ifconfig或者ifconfig -a是顯示所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口信息的,不同的地方在于ifconfig只能顯示已經(jīng)開啟的網(wǎng)卡信息,而ifconfig -a能真正顯示所有包括開啟的和沒有開啟的網(wǎng)卡信息
ifconfig 網(wǎng)卡名:僅顯示指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡的信息
ifconfig 網(wǎng)卡名 ip地址/掩碼(這是最簡單的方式)
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 eth2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.168.255.255 ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 25 bytes 3168 (3.0 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 10 bytes 1308 (1.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]#
ifconfig 網(wǎng)卡名 down或者up:關(guān)閉指定網(wǎng)卡;開啟指定網(wǎng)卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 down [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 eth2: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.168.255.255 ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 28 bytes 3348 (3.2 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 10 bytes 1308 (1.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]# 雖然還顯示有地址,但是已經(jīng)沒了UP這個標志了
ifconfig 網(wǎng)卡名 [-]特性:開啟和關(guān)閉一些特性,如下開啟和關(guān)閉混雜模式
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 promisc [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 eth2: flags=4354<BROADCAST,PROMISC,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 28 bytes 3348 (3.2 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 10 bytes 1308 (1.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 -promisc [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 eth2: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 28 bytes 3348 (3.2 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 10 bytes 1308 (1.2 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]#
route:顯示和配置路由的
route -n:不以反解的方式顯示路由表(建議這樣)
[root@localhost ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777728 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777728 [root@localhost ~]# 其中Destination為0.0.0.0的表示本機默認路由,而Gateway為0.0.0.0的目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)就是本機所在的網(wǎng)絡(luò),因此不需要任何路由。
route add <-net|-host> <網(wǎng)絡(luò)好|主機>/掩碼 gw 嚇一跳ip [dev] [網(wǎng)卡]
[root@localhost ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777728 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eth2 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777728 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth2 [root@localhost ~]# route add -net 172.16.0.0/16 gw 192.168.1.1 [root@localhost ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777728 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eth2 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eno16777728 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777728 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth2 [root@localhost ~]# 需要注意的是下一跳地址(網(wǎng)關(guān))必須在本機任一網(wǎng)卡的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,因為如果連網(wǎng)關(guān)都不在本機網(wǎng)絡(luò)中那么何談路由?那么就可以通過Gateway為0.0.0.0就可以知道本機任一網(wǎng)卡的網(wǎng)絡(luò)了。
route add default dev 網(wǎng)卡:添加默認路由
[root@localhost ~]# route add default gw 172.16.0.1 dev eth2 [root@localhost ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777728 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eth2 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eno16777728 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777728 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth2
route del -net 路由/掩碼 dev 網(wǎng)卡
[root@localhost ~]# route del -net 0.0.0.0/0 dev eth2 [root@localhost ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eno16777728 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 101 0 0 eth2 172.16.0.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eno16777728 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eno16777728 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 101 0 0 eth2 [root@localhost ~]#
netstat:查看網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)信息
常用選項有:
-t:顯示tcp傳輸協(xié)議的
-u:顯示udp傳輸協(xié)議的
-n:不以反解的方式顯示(也就是數(shù)字格式)
-l:處于監(jiān)聽狀態(tài)的
-p:顯示相關(guān)進程和pid
-e:擴展的格式顯示
-a:顯示所有狀態(tài)
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tunlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1324/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1425/master tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1324/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1425/master 省略。。。。 其他方式還請自行組合:比如tan,uan,tnl,unl
ifup和ifdown命令是通過讀取/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-網(wǎng)卡名這個文件來開啟關(guān)閉網(wǎng)卡的,如果沒有就會報錯
iproute家族:
ip link:顯示和管理網(wǎng)卡信息
ip link show(list):顯示網(wǎng)卡信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ip link set:
ip link set [dev] 網(wǎng)卡 up(down):開啟(關(guān)閉)網(wǎng)卡
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth2 down [root@localhost ~]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@localhost ~]#
ip link set [dev] 網(wǎng)卡 mtu #:設(shè)置mtu大小的
ip link set [dev] 網(wǎng)絡(luò) name NAME:重命名
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth2 down [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth2 name eth0 [root@localhost ~]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@localhost ~]#
ip link set [dev] 網(wǎng)卡 multicast on(off):開啟(關(guān)閉)多播
ip netns:管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)名稱空間
ip netns add NAME:添加網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間
ip netns list:列出網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間名
ip netns del NAME:刪除網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間
ip netns exec NAME COMMAND:在指定的net空間中執(zhí)行命令
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth2 down [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth2 name eth0 [root@localhost ~]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@localhost ~]# ip netns add mynet [root@localhost ~]# ip netns list mynet [root@localhost ~]# ip link set eth0 netns mynet [root@localhost ~]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@localhost ~]# 放到空間中的網(wǎng)卡不能被直接顯示 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec mynet ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@localhost ~]# 只有這樣才能顯示出來,但是請看下面 [root@localhost ~]# ip netns del mynet [root@localhost ~]# ip netns list [root@localhost ~]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eno16777728: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:ee brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eno33554968: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@localhost ~]# 由于為了演示方面我早些改名了第二張網(wǎng)卡名,放到網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間再出來后就還原了
ip addr;顯示和設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址
ip addr add ip/掩碼 dev 網(wǎng)卡 這里的dev不能省
ip addr del ip/掩碼 dev 網(wǎng)卡
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 10.0.0.1/8 dev eth2 [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 eth2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 197 bytes 18250 (17.8 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 48 bytes 5004 (4.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]#
ip addr可以在一個網(wǎng)卡上添加多個地址,但是只有在同一個網(wǎng)段上的才有主次之分。
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 172.16.0.2/16 dev eth2 [root@localhost ~]# ip addr show 3: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.1/8 scope global eth2 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.16.0.2/16 scope global eth2 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.2/8 scope global secondary eth2 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost ~]# 而且ifconfig只會顯示源地址 [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2 eth2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 211 bytes 19090 (18.6 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 48 bytes 5004 (4.8 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
要想ifconfig能顯示只能加別名
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 192.19.0.1/24 dev eth2 lable eth2:0 Error: either "local" is duplicate, or "lable" is a garbage. [root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 172.16.0.3/16 dev eth2 lable eth2:0 Error: either "local" is duplicate, or "lable" is a garbage. [root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 172.16.0.3/16 dev eth2 label eth2:0 [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth2:0;ip addr show eth2 eth2:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.16.0.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) 3: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.1/8 scope global eth2 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.16.0.2/16 scope global eth2 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.0.0.2/8 scope global secondary eth2 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.16.0.3/16 scope global secondary eth2:0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost ~]# 就是在添加地址的時候加上label 網(wǎng)卡:數(shù)字(0-9)
ip addr flush dev 網(wǎng)卡:清空所有指定網(wǎng)卡的ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr flush dev eth2 [root@localhost ~]# ip addr show eth2 3: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@localhost ~]#
ip route:管理路由
ip route show(list):顯示路由信息
ip route add 網(wǎng)絡(luò)/掩碼 via 下一跳地址 [dev] 網(wǎng)卡 [src 源ip地址]
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 172.16.0.1/16 dev eth2 [root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 172.16.0.2/16 dev eth2 [root@localhost ~]# ip addr list eth2 3: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:f8:b5:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.0.1/16 scope global eth2 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.16.0.2/16 scope global secondary eth2 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@localhost ~]# ip route show default via 192.168.1.1 dev eno16777728 proto static metric 100 172.16.0.0/16 via 192.168.1.1 dev eno16777728 172.16.0.0/16 dev eth2 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eno16777728 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.107 metric 100 [root@localhost ~]# ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 via 172.16.10.1 dev eth2 src 172.16.0.1 [root@localhost ~]# ip route show default via 192.168.1.1 dev eno16777728 proto static metric 100 10.0.0.0/8 via 172.16.10.1 dev eth2 src 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.0/16 via 192.168.1.1 dev eno16777728 172.16.0.0/16 dev eth2 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eno16777728 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.107 metric 100 [root@localhost ~]# 當網(wǎng)卡地址較多時可指定源地址
ip route delete 網(wǎng)絡(luò)/掩碼:刪除指定路由
[root@localhost ~]# ip route del 10.0.0.0/8 [root@localhost ~]# ip route show default via 192.168.1.1 dev eno16777728 proto static metric 100 172.16.0.0/16 via 192.168.1.1 dev eno16777728 172.16.0.0/16 dev eth2 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.1 192.168.1.0/24 dev eno16777728 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.107 metric 100 [root@localhost ~]#
ip route flush 網(wǎng)絡(luò)/掩碼:清除指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)所有路由
ss命令:與netstat很相似,但是更加強大
除了-t,-u,-a,-l,-p,-n,-e,還有
-m:顯示內(nèi)存用量
-o:顯示計時器信息
還能顯示執(zhí)行的連接狀態(tài)
state:
LISTEN
ESTABLISHMENT
FIN_WAIT1:
FIN_WAIT2
SYN_SENT
SYN_RECV
CLOSED
port:
dport
sport
配置文件配置網(wǎng)絡(luò):
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-網(wǎng)卡名:這個文件可以配置大量的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口信息。
DEVICE=指定設(shè)備要與網(wǎng)卡名一樣
ONBOOT:[yes|no];是否開機啟動
IPV6INIT:[yes|no]:是否初始化IPV6
BOOTPROTO:四種(dhcp,bootp,static,none)
UUID:此設(shè)備的UUID號
TYPE:網(wǎng)絡(luò)類型(比如Ehernet,Bridge)
IPADDR:ip地址
DNS1:第一dns
DNS2:備用dns
NETMASK(PREFIX);掩碼
GATEWAY:默認網(wǎng)關(guān)
USERCTL:是否允許普通用戶控制此設(shè)備
PEERDNS:當BOOTPROTO為dhcp時候是否允許dhcp服務(wù)器分配的dns覆蓋手動指定的dns默認是允許
NM_CONTROLLED:是否開啟NetworkManager來管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)
HWADDR:MAC地址
如果要指定除了默認路由的其他路由在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-網(wǎng)卡名這個文件中配置
有兩種方式,這里我只寫最簡單的方式
網(wǎng)絡(luò)/掩碼長度 via ip
一行一個路由
DNS配置文件在:/etc/resolv.conf:
nameserver:DNS
一行一個
在/etc/hosts設(shè)置優(yōu)先DNS映射
ip 域名 別名1 別名2.。。
主機名設(shè)定:
hostname:顯示主機名
hostname HOSTNAME:設(shè)定主機名,但是重啟就會失效
hostnamectl set-hostname HOSTNAME:永久有效
/etc/sysconfig/network配置文件:
hostname=HOSTNAME
注意:配置文件配置的必須重讀配置文件才能有效
還有一些工具:setup,nmtui圖形界面設(shè)置網(wǎng)絡(luò),也是永久有效的,打開就會?。?/span>
還有nmcli和ifconfig很相似。這里就不一一演示了
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