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一、位置分組與關(guān)鍵字分組
位置分組：
-按位置傳參
-分組之后,會(huì)把分組出來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù),當(dāng)位置參數(shù),傳到視圖函數(shù),所以,視圖函數(shù)需要定義形參
urls.py
# 精確匹配
url(r'^publish/$', views.publish)
views.py
def publish(request):
if request.method=='GET':
return HttpResponse("This is get")
elif request.method=='POST':
return HttpResponse('This is POST')# 訪問(wèn)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish/
This is get
urls.py
# 匹配publish 后四位數(shù)字
url(r'^publish/[0-9]{4}/$', views.publish)# 匹配任意長(zhǎng)度的數(shù)字
url(r'^publish/\d+/$',views.publish)
views.py
同上面一樣
urls.py
# 配后面的publish/數(shù)字4位/與數(shù)字2位 ，其他均為404 (注：多個(gè)分組中都帶有小括號(hào))
url(r'^publish/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$',views.publish),views.py
def publish(request,year,month): # 有括號(hào)（分組）的必須要傳參數(shù)過(guò)去
if request.method=='GET':
return HttpResponse(' This is get')
elif request.method=='POST':
return HttpResponse('This is POST')視圖函數(shù)還可以這樣寫(xiě)（*args）：
def publish(request,*args):
if request.method == 'GET':
return HttpResponse(' This is get')
elif request.method == 'POST':
return HttpResponse('This is POST')訪問(wèn)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish/1234/20/
This is get
urls.py
# 有括號(hào)（分組）的必須要傳參數(shù)過(guò)去,publish后面匹配多個(gè)數(shù)字
url(r'^publish/(\d+)/$',views.publish),
views.py
def publish(request,year):
return HttpResponse("publish")訪問(wèn)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish/任意數(shù)字
關(guān)鍵字分組：
-按關(guān)鍵字傳參
-有名分組之后,會(huì)把分組出來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù),當(dāng)關(guān)鍵字參數(shù),傳到視圖函數(shù),所以,視圖函數(shù)需要定義形參,形參名字要跟分組的名字對(duì)應(yīng),與順序無(wú)關(guān)
urls.py
# 關(guān)鍵字分組是按照關(guān)鍵字傳參數(shù)
url(r'^publish/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$',views.publish),views.py
def publish(request,year,month): # 有括號(hào)（分組）的必須要傳參數(shù)過(guò)去
if request.method=='GET':
return HttpResponse(' This is get')
elif request.method=='POST':
return HttpResponse('This is POST')urls.py
# 位置分組與關(guān)鍵字分組混合使用
url(r'^publish/([0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$',views.publish),views.py
# 位置分組與關(guān)鍵字分組混合使用，可以使用*args,**kwargs 接收 (建議不要混著用)
def publish(request,*args,**kwargs):
if request.method=='GET':
print(args,kwargs) # () {'month': '12'}
return HttpResponse(' This is get publish')
elif request.method=='POST':
return HttpResponse('This is POST')二、反向解析
# 分組
作用：
例如：當(dāng)我訪問(wèn)http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish/ 去點(diǎn)擊某一個(gè)鏈接的時(shí)候，去訪問(wèn)到了http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishadd/
urls.py
url(r'^publish/$',views.publish), url(r'^publishadd/$',views.publishadd,name='pub'),
# 若以后要去到這個(gè)地址（publishadd）會(huì)發(fā)生改變的話(huà)，后面可以加上‘name=自已定義的名字與pub.html網(wǎng)頁(yè)標(biāo)簽中定義的名字一致’，這樣，publishadd這個(gè)路由再如何變化，訪問(wèn)到/publish/中指定某一個(gè)鏈接時(shí)，也還是會(huì)去到你已改變的那個(gè)路由上的。（類(lèi)似給publishadd，取了一個(gè)別名）
views.py
def publish(request):
if request.method=='GET':
return render(request, 'pub.html')
def publishadd(request):
return HttpResponse('publishadd')templates/pub.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>反向解析</title>
</head>
<body>
{#位置分組#}
<a href="{% url 'pub'%}">點(diǎn)我去publishadd</a>
</body>
</html>對(duì)于redirect 重定向的解決方案：
沒(méi)改前：
# 當(dāng)我訪問(wèn)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish，它會(huì)幫我跳轉(zhuǎn)到http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishadd/這個(gè)頁(yè)面中，但我路由層的publishadd換了其他名字的時(shí)候，便會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)了。
urls.py
url(r'^publish/$',views.publish), url(r'^publishadd/$',views.publishadd,name='pub'),
views.py
def publish(request):
if request.method=='GET':
return redirect('/publishadd/')
def publishadd(request):
return HttpResponse('publishadd')templates/pub.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>反向解析</title>
</head>
<body>
{#位置分組#}
<a href="{% url 'pub'%}">點(diǎn)我去publishadd</a>
{#<a href="{% url 'pub' year=2018 month=12 %}">test去點(diǎn)我</a>#}
</body>
</html>改之后：路由中的publishadd后面再如何改也會(huì)訪問(wèn)到views.py文件中的publishadd這個(gè)函數(shù)屬性中
例如：訪問(wèn)http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish，路由層publishadd改成了publishadd777，它也會(huì)訪問(wèn)到publishadd這個(gè)函數(shù)的屬性中
urls.py
url(r'^publish/$',views.publish), url(r'^publishadd/$',views.publishadd,name='pub'),
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect,reverse
def publish(request):
if request.method=='GET':
url=reverse('pub') # 改之后，reverse反向解析的模塊
return redirect(url) # 改之后
def publishadd(request):
return HttpResponse('publishadd')templates/pub.html 不變
# 位置分組，參數(shù)傳遞
urls.py
url(r'^publish/$',views.publish),
url(r'^publishadd/([0-9]{4})/$',views.publishadd,name='pub'), # 如果publishadd后面是兩個(gè)參數(shù)的話(huà)，views.py中的也需要跟著加views.py
def publish(request):
if request.method=='GET':
return render(request, 'pub.html')
def publishadd(request,year): # urls.py 中的publishadd后面要加2個(gè)參數(shù)的話(huà)，這里也要跟著加上2個(gè)參數(shù)，例如：def publishadd(request,year,month):
return HttpResponse('publishadd')templates/pub.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>反向解析</title>
</head>
<body>
{#位置分組#}
<a href="{% url 'pub' 2018 %}">點(diǎn)我去publishadd</a> {# 如果上面是兩個(gè)參數(shù)的話(huà) 2018的后面還需要多傳一個(gè)參數(shù) #}
</body>
</html>訪問(wèn)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish/
點(diǎn)擊頁(yè)面中的 "點(diǎn)我去publishadd"
訪問(wèn)到：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishadd/2018/
顯示：publishadd 成功。
使用reverse模塊重定向
urls.py
url(r'^publish/$',views.publish),
url(r'^publishadd/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$',views.publishadd,name='pub'),views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect,reverse
def publish(request):
if request.method=='GET':
url=reverse('pub',args=(2018,12,))
return redirect(url)
def publishadd(request,year,month):
return HttpResponse('publishadd')templates/pub.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>反向解析</title>
</head>
<body>
{#位置分組#}
<a href="{% url 'pub' 2018 02 %}">點(diǎn)我去publishadd</a>
</body>
</html>訪問(wèn)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish
自動(dòng)跳轉(zhuǎn)到：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishadd/2018/12/
顯示：publishadd 成功。
# 關(guān)鍵字分組 --- 模板層
urls.py
url(r'^publish/$',views.publish),
url(r'^publishadd/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/$', views.publishadd, name='pub'),views.py
def publish(request):
if request.method=='GET':
return render(request, 'pub.html')
def publishadd(request,year,month):
return HttpResponse('publishadd')templates/pub.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>反向解析</title>
</head>
<body>
{#關(guān)鍵字分組#}
<a href="{% url 'pub' year=2018 month=12 %}">點(diǎn)我去publishadd</a>
</body>
</html>訪問(wèn)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish/
點(diǎn)擊 ：點(diǎn)我去publishadd
訪問(wèn)到：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishadd/2018/12/
顯示：publishadd 成功~
# 關(guān)鍵字視圖層
urls.py 與 templates/pub.html 內(nèi)容不變(與上面的一致)
views.py
def publish(request):
if request.method=='GET':
url=reverse('pub',args=(2018,12,))
# url=reverse('pub',kwargs={'month':12,"year":2018}) # 兩種都支持，效果一樣。
return redirect(url)
def publishadd(request,year,month):
return HttpResponse('publishadd')訪問(wèn)：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish
會(huì)重定向到：http://127.0.0.1:8000/publishadd/2018/12/
顯示 ： publishadd !~~~成功
總結(jié)：
-先命一個(gè)名:
-1 無(wú)參數(shù):url(r'^publishadd133/$', views.publishadd,name='ddd'),
-2 位置分組:url(r'^publishadd/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/$', views.publishadd,name='ddd'),
-3 關(guān)鍵字分組:url(r'^publishadd/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<mounth>[0-9]{2})/$', views.publishadd,name='ddd'),
-在模板層:
-1 無(wú)參數(shù):{% url 'ddd' %}
-2 位置分組的:{% url 'ddd' 2018 12 %}
-3 關(guān)鍵分組:{% url 'ddd' 2018 12 %} 還可以 {% url 'ddd' year=2018 mounth=12 %}
-在視圖層:
from django.shortcuts import reverse
在視圖函數(shù)里:
1 無(wú)參數(shù):url=reverse('ddd')
2 位置分組:url=reverse('ddd',args=(2018,12,)) 如果只有一個(gè)參數(shù)，后面必須要加一個(gè)逗號(hào)
3 關(guān)鍵字分組:url=reverse('ddd',args=(2018,12,)) 還可以 url=reverse('ddd',kwargs={'year':2018,'mounth':12})三、路由分發(fā)
作用：由總路由urls.py中先分發(fā)，然后再到不同的app中由它們?cè)俅畏职l(fā)。
1、首先要再次手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)app
命令：python3 manage.py startapp appname (我這里就叫blog了，另一個(gè)為app01)
2、在settings.py中注冊(cè)
INSTALLED_APPS 的列表中添加
'blog.apps.BlogConfig',
3、在每個(gè)app的目錄下面創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為urls.py的文件。內(nèi)容為：
app01目錄下的urls.py中：
from django.conf.urls import url from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^app01_test/$',views.test), ]
app01目錄下的視圖函數(shù)views.py文件中：
def app01(request):
return HttpResponse('app01--test')blog目錄下的urls.py中：
from django.conf.urls import url from blog import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^blog_test/$',views.test) ]
blog目錄下的視圖函數(shù)views.py文件中：
def blog(request):
return HttpResponse('blog----test')4、在總路由中的urls.py中的需要配置以下：
from django.conf.urls import url,include
# 總路由中添加：
url(r'^app01/',include('app01.urls')),
url(r'^blog/',include('blog.urls')),5、訪問(wèn)：
http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/blog_test/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/app01/app01_test/
總結(jié)：
路由分發(fā)
1 在不同的app里創(chuàng)建urls.py
2 在總路由
-from django.conf.urls import include
-url(r'^blog/',include('blog.urls')),
-url(r'^app01/',include('app01.urls')),
3 在不同的app的urls里配置路由關(guān)系
***重點(diǎn)***總路由,不能加結(jié)束符$四、名稱(chēng)空間
作用：以防止兩個(gè)應(yīng)用的子路由后面的name='名字'相同或者怕沖突，這樣是為了讓它們自已找到屬于自已的名稱(chēng)空間，以防沖突（或者不要把子路由后面的name='名字'名字命名成一樣的也可。做了解）
1、總路由urls.py
url(r'^app01/',include('app01.urls',namespace='app01')),
url(r'^blog/',include('blog.urls',namespace='blog')),app01 下的文件：
app01下的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^app01_test/$',views.app01,name='test'), ]
app01下的views.py
def app01(request):
url=reverse('app01:test')
print(url)
return render(request,'app01.html')templates/app01.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>反向解析</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="{% url 'app01:test' %}">app01_test</a>
</body>
</html>blog下的文件：
blog下的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from blog import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^blog_test/$',views.blog,name='test') ]
blog下的views.py
def blog(request):
url=reverse('blog:test')
print(url)
return render(request,'blog.html')templates/blog.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>反向解析</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="{% url 'blog:test' %}">blog_test</a>
</body>
</html>五、偽靜態(tài)
偽靜態(tài)是相對(duì)真實(shí)靜態(tài)來(lái)講的，使用*.html的話(huà)，搜索引擎會(huì)認(rèn)為這些頁(yè)面不太會(huì)經(jīng)常改動(dòng)，被收錄的可能性就會(huì)大，而搜索關(guān)鍵字的時(shí)候，就會(huì)把你的頁(yè)面通過(guò)搜索引擎搜索出來(lái)，而其實(shí)這些頁(yè)面都是通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中查找出來(lái)的頁(yè)面，然后再返回給的客戶(hù)。
-路由:url(r'^book/(?P<id>\d+.html)',views.book),
-訪問(wèn):http://127.0.0.1:8000/book/4.html
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