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小編給大家分享一下怎么查看Linux中所有正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù),相信大部分人都還不怎么了解,因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲,下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧!
有許多方法和工具可以查看 Linux 中所有正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù)。大多數(shù)管理員會(huì)在 System V(SysV)初始化系統(tǒng)中使用 service service-name status
或 /etc/init.d/service-name status
,而在 systemd 初始化系統(tǒng)中使用 systemctl status service-name
。
以上命令可以清楚地顯示該服務(wù)是否在服務(wù)器上運(yùn)行,這也是每個(gè) Linux 管理員都該知道的非常簡(jiǎn)單和基礎(chǔ)的命令。
如果你對(duì)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境并不熟悉,也不清楚系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)行哪些服務(wù),你會(huì)如何檢查?
是的,我們的確有必要這樣檢查一下。這將有助于我們了解系統(tǒng)上運(yùn)行了什么服務(wù),以及哪些是必要的、哪些需要被禁用。
init(初始化的簡(jiǎn)稱)是在系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)期間運(yùn)行的***個(gè)進(jìn)程。init
是一個(gè)守護(hù)進(jìn)程,它將持續(xù)運(yùn)行直至關(guān)機(jī)。
大多數(shù) Linux 發(fā)行版都使用如下的初始化系統(tǒng)之一:
System V 是更老的初始化系統(tǒng)
Upstart 是一個(gè)基于事件的傳統(tǒng)的初始化系統(tǒng)的替代品
systemd 是新的初始化系統(tǒng),它已經(jīng)被大多數(shù)***的 Linux 發(fā)行版所采用
SysV(意即 System V) 初始化系統(tǒng)是早期傳統(tǒng)的初始化系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)管理器。由于 sysVinit 系統(tǒng)上一些長(zhǎng)期懸而未決的問(wèn)題,大多數(shù)***的發(fā)行版都適用于 systemd 系統(tǒng)。
Upstart 是一個(gè)基于事件的 /sbin/init 的替代品,它控制在啟動(dòng)時(shí)的任務(wù)和服務(wù)的開(kāi)始,在關(guān)機(jī)時(shí)停止它們,并在系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行時(shí)監(jiān)控它們。
它最初是為 Ubuntu 發(fā)行版開(kāi)發(fā)的,但其是以適合所有 Linux 發(fā)行版的開(kāi)發(fā)為目標(biāo)的,以替換過(guò)時(shí)的 System-V 初始化系統(tǒng)。
systemd 是一個(gè)新的初始化系統(tǒng)以及系統(tǒng)管理器,它已成為大多數(shù) Linux 發(fā)行版中非常流行且廣泛適應(yīng)的新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)初始化系統(tǒng)。systemctl
是一個(gè) systemd 管理工具,它可以幫助我們管理 systemd 系統(tǒng)。
以下命令可以幫助我們列出 System V(SysV) 系統(tǒng)中所有正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù)。
如果服務(wù)很多,我建議使用文件查看命令,如 less
、more
等,以便得到清晰的結(jié)果。
# service --status-all或# service --status-all | more或# service --status-all | less
abrt-ccpp hook is installedabrtd (pid 2131) is running...abrt-dump-oops is stoppedacpid (pid 1958) is running...atd (pid 2164) is running...auditd (pid 1731) is running...Frequency scaling enabled using ondemand governorcrond (pid 2153) is running...hald (pid 1967) is running...htcacheclean is stoppedhttpd is stoppedTable: filterChain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)num target prot opt source destination1 ACCEPT all ::/0 ::/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED2 ACCEPT icmpv6 ::/0 ::/03 ACCEPT all ::/0 ::/04 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:805 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:216 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:227 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:258 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:20829 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:208610 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:208311 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:208712 ACCEPT tcp ::/0 ::/0 state NEW tcp dpt:1000013 REJECT all ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)num target prot opt source destination1 REJECT all ::/0 ::/0 reject-with icmp6-adm-prohibited Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)num target prot opt source destination iptables: Firewall is not running.irqbalance (pid 1826) is running...Kdump is operationallvmetad is stoppedmdmonitor is stoppedmessagebus (pid 1929) is running... SUCCESS! MySQL running (24376)rndc: neither /etc/rndc.conf nor /etc/rndc.key was foundnamed is stoppednetconsole module not loadedUsage: startup.sh { start | stop }Configured devices:lo eth0 eth2Currently active devices:lo eth0ntpd is stoppedportreserve (pid 1749) is running...master (pid 2107) is running...Process accounting is disabled.quota_nld is stoppedrdisc is stoppedrngd is stoppedrpcbind (pid 1840) is running...rsyslogd (pid 1756) is running...sandbox is stoppedsaslauthd is stoppedsmartd is stoppedopenssh-daemon (pid 9859) is running...svnserve is stoppedvsftpd (pid 4008) is running...xinetd (pid 2031) is running...zabbix_agentd (pid 2150 2149 2148 2147 2146 2140) is running...
執(zhí)行以下命令,可以只查看正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù):
# service --status-all | grep running
crond (pid 535) is running...httpd (pid 627) is running...mysqld (pid 911) is running...rndc: neither /etc/rndc.conf nor /etc/rndc.key was foundrsyslogd (pid 449) is running...saslauthd (pid 492) is running...sendmail (pid 509) is running...sm-client (pid 519) is running...openssh-daemon (pid 478) is running...xinetd (pid 485) is running...
運(yùn)行以下命令以查看指定服務(wù)的狀態(tài):
# service --status-all | grep httpdhttpd (pid 627) is running...
或者,使用以下命令也可以查看指定服務(wù)的狀態(tài):
# service httpd statushttpd (pid 627) is running...
使用以下命令查看系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)時(shí)哪些服務(wù)會(huì)被啟用:
# chkconfig --list
crond 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offhtcacheclean 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offhttpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:offip6tables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:offiptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offmodules_dep 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offmysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offnamed 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offnetconsole 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offnetfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:offnetwork 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offnmb 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offnscd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offportreserve 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:offquota_nld 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offrdisc 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offrestorecond 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offrpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:offrsyslog 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offsaslauthd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:offsendmail 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offsmb 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offsnmpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offsnmptrapd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offsshd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:offudev-post 0:off 1:on 2:on 3:off 4:on 5:on 6:offwinbind 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:offxinetd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off xinetd based services: chargen-dgram: off chargen-stream: off daytime-dgram: off daytime-stream: off discard-dgram: off discard-stream: off echo-dgram: off echo-stream: off finger: off ntalk: off rsync: off talk: off tcpmux-server: off time-dgram: off time-stream: off
另外一種在 Linux 系統(tǒng)上列出運(yùn)行的服務(wù)的方法是使用 initctl 命令:
# initctl listrc stop/waitingtty (/dev/tty3) start/running, process 1740tty (/dev/tty2) start/running, process 1738tty (/dev/tty1) start/running, process 1736tty (/dev/tty6) start/running, process 1746tty (/dev/tty5) start/running, process 1744tty (/dev/tty4) start/running, process 1742plymouth-shutdown stop/waitingcontrol-alt-delete stop/waitingrcS-emergency stop/waitingreadahead-collector stop/waitingkexec-disable stop/waitingquit-plymouth stop/waitingrcS stop/waitingprefdm stop/waitinginit-system-dbus stop/waitingck-log-system-restart stop/waitingreadahead stop/waitingck-log-system-start stop/waitingsplash-manager stop/waitingstart-ttys stop/waitingreadahead-disable-services stop/waitingck-log-system-stop stop/waitingrcS-sulogin stop/waitingserial stop/waiting
以下命令幫助我們列出 systemd 系統(tǒng)中所有服務(wù):
# systemctl UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION sys-devices-virtual-block-loop0.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop0 sys-devices-virtual-block-loop1.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop1 sys-devices-virtual-block-loop2.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop2 sys-devices-virtual-block-loop3.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop3 sys-devices-virtual-block-loop4.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/block/loop4 sys-devices-virtual-misc-rfkill.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/misc/rfkill sys-devices-virtual-tty-ttyprintk.device loaded active plugged /sys/devices/virtual/tty/ttyprintk sys-module-fuse.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/fuse sys-subsystem-net-devices-enp0s3.device loaded active plugged 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (PRO/1000 MT Desktop Adapter) -.mount loaded active mounted Root Mount dev-hugepages.mount loaded active mounted Huge Pages File System dev-mqueue.mount loaded active mounted POSIX Message Queue File System run-user-1000-gvfs.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000/gvfs run-user-1000.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000 snap-core-3887.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core snap-core-4017.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core snap-core-4110.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for core snap-gping-13.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for gping snap-termius\x2dapp-8.mount loaded active mounted Mount unit for termius-app sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded active mounted FUSE Control File System sys-kernel-debug.mount loaded active mounted Debug File System acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler systemd-ask-password-plymouth.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Plymouth Directory Watch systemd-ask-password-wall.path loaded active waiting Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus postfix.service loaded active exited Postfix Mail Transport Agent
UNIT
相應(yīng)的 systemd 單元名稱
LOAD
相應(yīng)的單元是否被加載到內(nèi)存中
ACTIVE
該單元是否處于活動(dòng)狀態(tài)
SUB
該單元是否處于運(yùn)行狀態(tài)(LCTT 譯注:是較于 ACTIVE 更加詳細(xì)的狀態(tài)描述,不同的單元類型有不同的狀態(tài)。)
DESCRIPTION
關(guān)于該單元的簡(jiǎn)短描述
以下選項(xiàng)可根據(jù)類型列出單元:
# systemctl list-units --type service UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon anacron.service loaded active running Run anacron jobs apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server apparmor.service loaded active exited AppArmor initialization apport.service loaded active exited LSB: automatic crash report generation aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon getty@tty1.service loaded active running Getty on tty1 grub-common.service loaded active exited LSB: Record successful boot for GRUB irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems keyboard-setup.service loaded active exited Set the console keyboard layout kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel
以下選項(xiàng)可幫助您根據(jù)狀態(tài)列出單位,輸出與前例類似但更直截了當(dāng):
# systemctl list-unit-files --type service UNIT FILE STATE accounts-daemon.service enabled acpid.service disabledalsa-restore.service static alsa-state.service static alsa-utils.service masked anacron-resume.service enabled anacron.service enabled apache-htcacheclean.service disabledapache-htcacheclean@.service disabledapache2.service enabled apache2@.service disabledapparmor.service enabled apport-forward@.service static apport.service generatedapt-daily-upgrade.service static apt-daily.service static aptik-battery-monitor.service generatedatop.service enabled atopacct.service enabled autovt@.service enabled avahi-daemon.service enabled bluetooth.service enabled
運(yùn)行以下命令以查看指定服務(wù)的狀態(tài):
# systemctl | grep apache2 apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server
或者,使用以下命令也可查看指定服務(wù)的狀態(tài):
# systemctl status apache2● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d └─apache2-systemd.conf Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-03-06 12:34:09 IST; 8min ago Process: 2786 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/apachectl graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 1171 (apache2) Tasks: 55 (limit: 4915) CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service ├─1171 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start ├─2790 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start └─2791 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start Mar 06 12:34:08 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...Mar 06 12:34:09 magi-VirtualBox apachectl[1089]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 10.0.2.15. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppreMar 06 12:34:09 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Reloading The Apache HTTP Server.Mar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox apachectl[2786]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::7929:4ed1:279f:4d65. Set the 'ServerName' directive glMar 06 12:39:10 magi-VirtualBox systemd[1]: Reloaded The Apache HTTP Server.
執(zhí)行以下命令,只查看正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù):
# systemctl | grep running acpid.path loaded active running ACPI Events Check cups.path loaded active running CUPS Scheduler init.scope loaded active running System and Service Manager session-c2.scope loaded active running Session c2 of user magi accounts-daemon.service loaded active running Accounts Service acpid.service loaded active running ACPI event daemon apache2.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server aptik-battery-monitor.service loaded active running LSB: start/stop the aptik battery monitor daemon atop.service loaded active running Atop advanced performance monitor atopacct.service loaded active running Atop process accounting daemon avahi-daemon.service loaded active running Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack colord.service loaded active running Manage, Install and Generate Color Profiles cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon cups-browsed.service loaded active running Make remote CUPS printers available locally cups.service loaded active running CUPS Scheduler dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus fwupd.service loaded active running Firmware update daemon getty@tty1.service loaded active running Getty on tty1 irqbalance.service loaded active running LSB: daemon to balance interrupts for SMP systems lightdm.service loaded active running Light Display Manager ModemManager.service loaded active running Modem Manager NetworkManager.service loaded active running Network Manager polkit.service loaded active running Authorization Manager
使用以下命令查看系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)被啟用的服務(wù)列表:
# systemctl list-unit-files | grep enabledacpid.path enabled cups.path enabled accounts-daemon.service enabled anacron-resume.service enabled anacron.service enabled apache2.service enabled apparmor.service enabled atop.service enabled atopacct.service enabled autovt@.service enabled avahi-daemon.service enabled bluetooth.service enabled console-setup.service enabled cron.service enabled cups-browsed.service enabled cups.service enabled display-manager.service enabled dns-clean.service enabled friendly-recovery.service enabled getty@.service enabled gpu-manager.service enabled keyboard-setup.service enabled lightdm.service enabled ModemManager.service enabled network-manager.service enabled networking.service enabled NetworkManager-dispatcher.service enabled NetworkManager-wait-online.service enabled NetworkManager.service enabled
systemd-cgtop
按資源使用情況(任務(wù)、CPU、內(nèi)存、輸入和輸出)列出控制組:
# systemd-cgtop Control Group Tasks %CPU Memory Input/s Output/s/ - - 1.5G - -/init.scope 1 - - - -/system.slice 153 - - - -/system.slice/ModemManager.service 3 - - - -/system.slice/NetworkManager.service 4 - - - -/system.slice/accounts-daemon.service 3 - - - -/system.slice/acpid.service 1 - - - -/system.slice/apache2.service 55 - - - -/system.slice/aptik-battery-monitor.service 1 - - - -/system.slice/atop.service 1 - - - -/system.slice/atopacct.service 1 - - - -/system.slice/avahi-daemon.service 2 - - - -/system.slice/colord.service 3 - - - -/system.slice/cron.service 1 - - - -/system.slice/cups-browsed.service 3 - - - -/system.slice/cups.service 2 - - - -/system.slice/dbus.service 6 - - - -/system.slice/fwupd.service 5 - - - -/system.slice/irqbalance.service 1 - - - -/system.slice/lightdm.service 7 - - - -/system.slice/polkit.service 3 - - - -/system.slice/repowerd.service 14 - - - -/system.slice/rsyslog.service 4 - - - -/system.slice/rtkit-daemon.service 3 - - - -/system.slice/snapd.service 8 - - - -/system.slice/system-getty.slice 1 - - - -
同時(shí),我們可以使用 pstree
命令(輸出來(lái)自 SysVinit 系統(tǒng))查看正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù):
# pstreeinit-+-crond |-httpd---2*[httpd] |-kthreadd/99149---khelper/99149 |-2*[mingetty] |-mysqld_safe---mysqld---9*[{mysqld}] |-rsyslogd---3*[{rsyslogd}] |-saslauthd---saslauthd |-2*[sendmail] |-sshd---sshd---bash---pstree |-udevd `-xinetd
我們還可以使用 pstree
命令(輸出來(lái)自 systemd 系統(tǒng))查看正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù):
# pstreesystemd─┬─ModemManager─┬─{gdbus} │ └─{gmain} ├─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient │ ├─{gdbus} │ └─{gmain} ├─accounts-daemon─┬─{gdbus} │ └─{gmain} ├─acpid ├─agetty ├─anacron ├─apache2───2*[apache2───26*[{apache2}]] ├─aptd───{gmain} ├─aptik-battery-m ├─atop ├─atopacctd ├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon ├─colord─┬─{gdbus} │ └─{gmain} ├─cron ├─cups-browsed─┬─{gdbus} │ └─{gmain} ├─cupsd ├─dbus-daemon ├─fwupd─┬─{GUsbEventThread} │ ├─{fwupd} │ ├─{gdbus} │ └─{gmain} ├─gnome-keyring-d─┬─{gdbus} │ ├─{gmain} │ └─{timer}
chkservice
是一個(gè)管理系統(tǒng)單元的終端工具,需要超級(jí)用戶權(quán)限。
# chkservice
要查看幫助頁(yè)面,請(qǐng)按下 ?
,它將顯示管理 systemd 服務(wù)的可用選項(xiàng)。
以上是“怎么查看Linux中所有正在運(yùn)行的服務(wù)”這篇文章的所有內(nèi)容,感謝各位的閱讀!相信大家都有了一定的了解,希望分享的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家有所幫助,如果還想學(xué)習(xí)更多知識(shí),歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道!
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