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這篇文章主要介紹了Django rest framework自定義用戶(hù)表的方法,具有一定借鑒價(jià)值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
Django 默認(rèn)的用戶(hù)表 auth_user
包含 id, password, last_login, is_superuser, username, last_name, email, is_staff, is_active, date_joined, first_name 字段。這些基本字段不夠用時(shí),在此基本表上拓展字段是很好選擇。本文介紹在 DRF(Django Rest Framework) 上使用自定義用戶(hù)表進(jìn)行接口訪(fǎng)問(wèn)控制的功能設(shè)計(jì)。
先裝必要的模塊
pip install django pip install djangorestframework
創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目文件夾、項(xiàng)目和應(yīng)用
E:\SweetYaya> mkdir MyProj01 E:\SweetYaya> cd MyProj01 E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> django-admin startproject MyProj01 . E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> django-admin startapp MyApp
同步數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py migrate Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying auth.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0001_initial... OK Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK ... Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
執(zhí)行如下命令后測(cè)試訪(fǎng)問(wèn) http://127.0.0.1:8000/
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01>python manage.py runserver Watching for file changes with StatReloader Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). June 07, 2021 - 21:16:57 Django version 3.2.4, using settings 'MyProj01.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.
打開(kāi) MyApp/models.py
文件,創(chuàng)建繼承自 AbstractUser
的 UserProfile
類(lèi),給它添加 name
和 mobile
字段,它就是我們自定義的用戶(hù)表。
from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser class UserProfile(AbstractUser): name = models.CharField(max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="姓名") mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name="電話(huà)") class Meta: verbose_name = "用戶(hù)" verbose_name_plural = "用戶(hù)" def __str__(self): return self.name
我們直接在 MyProj01/url.py
中進(jìn)行定義序列化方法和路由配置
from django.urls import path, include from MyApp.models import UserProfile from rest_framework import routers, serializers, viewsets # Serializers define the API representation. class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer): class Meta: model = UserProfile fields = ['url', 'username', 'name', 'mobile', 'email', 'is_staff'] # ViewSets define the view behavior. class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet): queryset = UserProfile.objects.all() serializer_class = UserSerializer # Routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the URL conf. router = routers.DefaultRouter() router.register('users', UserViewSet) # Wire up our API using automatic URL routing. # Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API. urlpatterns = [ path('', include(router.urls)), path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')) ]
找到 MyProj01/settings.py
,做如下配置
加入上面創(chuàng)建的應(yīng)用和 rest_framework
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', ... 'rest_framework', 'MyApp', ]
添加全局認(rèn)證設(shè)置
REST_FRAMEWORK = { 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [ 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated' ] }
修改默認(rèn)用戶(hù)表,至此 settings.py
全部配置完成了。
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'MyApp.UserProfile'
執(zhí)行 makemigrations
命令
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py makemigrations Migrations for 'MyApp': MyApp\migrations\0001_initial.py - Create model UserProfile
執(zhí)行 migrate
命令出現(xiàn)如下錯(cuò)誤
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py migrate Traceback (most recent call last): File "manage.py", line 22, in <module> main() File "manage.py", line 18, in main execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line utility.execute() File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 413, in execute self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv) File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 354, in run_from_argv self.execute(*args, **cmd_options) File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 398, in execute output = self.handle(*args, **options) File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 89, in wrapped res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs) File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 95, in handle executor.loader.check_consistent_history(connection) File "D:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 310, in check_consistent_history connection.alias, django.db.migrations.exceptions.InconsistentMigrationHistory: Migration admin.0001_initial is applied before its dependency MyApp.0001_initial on database 'default'.
解決辦法
先 makemigrations
打開(kāi) settings.py
,注釋掉 INSTALL_APPS 中的'django.contrib.admin',
打開(kāi) urls.py
,注釋掉 urlpatterns 中的 admin,再 migrate
就不報(bào)錯(cuò)了。最后注意把注釋內(nèi)容恢復(fù)回來(lái)就好了。
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py migrate Operations to perform: Apply all migrations: MyApp, admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions Running migrations: Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK ... Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
執(zhí)行命令
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01>python manage.py runserver
訪(fǎng)問(wèn) http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
出現(xiàn)結(jié)果如下,此時(shí)表明配置成功,但是尚未進(jìn)行用戶(hù)登錄無(wú)權(quán)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)。
進(jìn)入 Python Shell
E:\SweetYaya\MyProj01> python manage.py shell Python 3.6.6 (v3.6.6:4cf1f54eb7, Jun 27 2018, 03:37:03) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information IPython 6.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
鍵入如下代碼
In [1]: from MyApp.models import UserProfile In [2]: from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password In [3]: ist = UserProfile(username='guest01',password=make_password('123456')) In [4]: ist.save() In [5]: ist = UserProfile(username='guest02',password=make_password('123456')) In [6]: ist.save()
然后在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中查看 MyApp_userprofile
表發(fā)現(xiàn)多了兩條記錄,添加成功,繼續(xù)訪(fǎng)問(wèn) http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
地址,使用用戶(hù)密碼登錄可見(jiàn)如下。測(cè)試完成。
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