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1.virtualenv
virtualenv作用:在一個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)下使用不同的python環(huán)境,包括不同的python版本和不同的python庫(kù)包
安裝pip
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# python get-pip.py
安裝virtualenv
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install virtualenv
創(chuàng)建虛擬環(huán)境test1_env
默認(rèn)新建的虛擬環(huán)境包括pip、easy_install等工具
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# virtualenv test1_env
New python executable in /opt/software/test1_env/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
會(huì)生成響應(yīng)的目錄和文件
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# ls -lh test1_env/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 268 Feb 12 17:30 bin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 Feb 12 17:30 include
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 Feb 12 17:30 lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Feb 12 17:30 lib64 -> lib
啟用虛擬環(huán)境
這個(gè)環(huán)境下執(zhí)行python相關(guān)的操作都是限定在虛擬環(huán)境中
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate
(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]#
查看當(dāng)前虛擬環(huán)境的python目錄是否正確
>>> import sys
>>> print sys.path
['', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python27.zip', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/plat-linux2', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-tk', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-old', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib64/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib64/python2.7', '/usr/lib/python2.7', '/opt/software/test1_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages']
退出虛擬環(huán)境
(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 bin]# deactivate
測(cè)試1:在系統(tǒng)環(huán)境中安裝第三方庫(kù),虛擬環(huán)境沒有影響
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install jinja2
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep Jinja2
Jinja2
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate
(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep jinja2|wc -l
0
測(cè)試2:在虛擬環(huán)境中安裝第三方庫(kù),系統(tǒng)環(huán)境沒有影響
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# source test1_env/bin/activate
(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install futures
(test1_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list|grep futures
futures 3.2.0
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip list |grep futures|wc -l
0
2.virtualenvwrapper
virtualenvwrapper作用:集中管理虛擬環(huán)境
安裝virtualenvwrapper
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# pip install virtualenvwrapper
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 ~]# vim ~/.bash_profile
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/workspace
source /bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile
新建虛擬環(huán)境:mkvirtualenv [虛擬環(huán)境名稱]
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# mkvirtualenv test3_env
New python executable in /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /root/.virtualenvs/test3_env/bin/get_env_details
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 software]# mkvirtualenv test4_env
列出虛擬環(huán)境列表:workon或者lsvirtualenv
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon
test3_env
test4_env
啟動(dòng)/切換虛擬環(huán)境:workon [虛擬環(huán)境名稱]
[root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon test3_env
(test3_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# workon test4_env
刪除虛擬環(huán)境:rmvirtualenv [虛擬環(huán)境名稱]
(test4_env) [root@sht-sgmhadoopcm-01 .virtualenvs]# rmvirtualenv test3_env
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