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小編給大家分享一下Spring Native項(xiàng)目的示例分析,相信大部分人都還不怎么了解,因此分享這篇文章給大家參考一下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲,下面讓我們一起去了解一下吧!
Spring官方博客于2021年03月11日宣布Spring Native的beta版本發(fā)布,借助Spring Native可以將spring應(yīng)用與GraalVM集成到native image中;
native image是GraalVM的一項(xiàng)技術(shù),會(huì)將java應(yīng)用的字節(jié)碼編譯成可執(zhí)行文件,還會(huì)與JDK的本地庫(kù)做靜態(tài)鏈接,運(yùn)行應(yīng)用時(shí)無需Java虛擬機(jī),自身已集成了內(nèi)存管理,線程調(diào)度等能力,更多信息請(qǐng)參考:https://www.graalvm.org/reference-manual/native-image/
本文以實(shí)戰(zhàn)為主,因此不會(huì)用太多篇幅介紹Spring Native的理論和優(yōu)勢(shì),這里簡(jiǎn)單小結(jié)幾個(gè)重要特性:
應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)速度不超過100毫秒;
啟動(dòng)即達(dá)到性能峰值(C1、C2等手段已經(jīng)用不上了)
運(yùn)行時(shí)更低的內(nèi)存消耗;
docker鏡像不含JDK(所需文件已經(jīng)抽取出來放入鏡像),官方展示的含有Spring Boot, Spring MVC, Jackson, Tomcat的鏡像大小是50M;
為了達(dá)到前面的效果,代價(jià)是構(gòu)建時(shí)間更長(zhǎng);
個(gè)人的理解:Spring Native是Spring提供的、制作native image的技術(shù)方案,涉及到以下關(guān)鍵技術(shù):
Spring ahead-of-time (AOT) 插件,對(duì)spring應(yīng)用做AOT處理,使得傳統(tǒng)虛擬機(jī)的class lazy loading在不復(fù)存在;
spring-boot-maven-plugin插件在構(gòu)建docker鏡像的時(shí)候,使用了名為dmikusa/graalvm-tiny的鏡像作為構(gòu)建工具,這個(gè)工具負(fù)責(zé)將當(dāng)前工程的構(gòu)建結(jié)果和GraalVM集成在一起,最終制作成native image;
作為實(shí)戰(zhàn)風(fēng)格的文章,本篇主要內(nèi)容是開發(fā)springboot應(yīng)用再構(gòu)建為native image,然后驗(yàn)證其功能和效果,本文由以下內(nèi)容構(gòu)成:
環(huán)境信息
新建名為spring-native-tutorials的maven父工程,對(duì)實(shí)戰(zhàn)用到的依賴庫(kù)、插件等做統(tǒng)一配置;
新建名為webmvc的maven子工程,這是個(gè)springboot應(yīng)用;
將webmvc構(gòu)建為native image,這是個(gè)docker鏡像;
在docker中啟動(dòng)鏡像,驗(yàn)證是否可用,并檢查相關(guān)相關(guān)指標(biāo);
本次實(shí)戰(zhàn)相關(guān)的環(huán)境信息如下:
電腦:MacBook pro 13寸 2018
操作系統(tǒng):macOS Big Sur 11.2.3
IDE:IntelliJ IDEA 2018.3.5 (Ultimate Edition)
docker:20.10.5
JDK:1.8.0_211
maven:3.6.0
springboot:2.5.0-SNAPSHOT
spring-aot-maven-plugin:0.10.0-SNAPSHOT
源碼下載 本篇實(shí)戰(zhàn)中的完整源碼可在GitHub下載到,地址和鏈接信息如下表所示(https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos):
名稱 | 鏈接 | 備注 |
---|---|---|
項(xiàng)目主頁(yè) | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos | 該項(xiàng)目在GitHub上的主頁(yè) |
git倉(cāng)庫(kù)地址(https) | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git | 該項(xiàng)目源碼的倉(cāng)庫(kù)地址,https協(xié)議 |
git倉(cāng)庫(kù)地址(ssh) | git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git | 該項(xiàng)目源碼的倉(cāng)庫(kù)地址,ssh協(xié)議 |
這個(gè)git項(xiàng)目中有多個(gè)文件夾,本次實(shí)戰(zhàn)的源碼在spring-native-tutorials文件夾下,如下圖紅框所示:
對(duì)Spring Native的學(xué)習(xí)不是寫出helloworld就完事,因此這里先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)父工程,為今后所有的應(yīng)用提供統(tǒng)一的依賴庫(kù)、插件管理;
新建名為spring-native-tutorials的maven父工程,pom.xml內(nèi)容如下,有幾處要注意的地方稍后提到:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <modules> <module>webmvc</module> </modules> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.5.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath/> </parent> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <artifactId>spring-native-tutorials</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <!-- springboot生成jar文件的文件名后綴,用來避免Spring Boot repackaging和native-image-maven-plugin插件之間可能存在的沖突 --> <classifier/> <!-- 構(gòu)建鏡像時(shí)的定制參數(shù) --> <native.build.args/> <!-- 指定使用dmikusa/graalvm-tiny這個(gè)鏡像作為構(gòu)建工具,來構(gòu)建鏡像 --> <builder>dmikusa/graalvm-tiny</builder> <!-- spring cloud版本 --> <spring-cloud.version>2020.0.2</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <!-- 插件管理 --> <pluginRepositories> <pluginRepository> <id>spring-release</id> <name>Spring release</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/release</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> <pluginRepository> <id>spring-milestone</id> <name>Spring milestone</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> <pluginRepository> <id>spring-snapshot</id> <name>Spring Snapshots</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url> <releases> <enabled>false</enabled> </releases> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <!--倉(cāng)庫(kù)管理--> <repositories> <repository> <id>spring-release</id> <name>Spring release</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/release</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-milestone</id> <name>Spring milestone</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> <repository> <id>spring-snapshot</id> <name>Spring Snapshots</name> <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url> <releases> <enabled>false</enabled> </releases> </repository> </repositories> <!--依賴包版本管理--> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-native</artifactId> <version>0.10.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <!--插件配置--> <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <classifier>${classifier}</classifier> <image> <builder>${builder}</builder> <env> <BP_NATIVE_IMAGE>true</BP_NATIVE_IMAGE> <BP_NATIVE_IMAGE_BUILD_ARGUMENTS>${native.build.args}</BP_NATIVE_IMAGE_BUILD_ARGUMENTS> </env> <!--執(zhí)行構(gòu)建任務(wù)的鏡像,如果在當(dāng)前環(huán)境不存在才會(huì)遠(yuǎn)程下載--> <pullPolicy>IF_NOT_PRESENT</pullPolicy> </image> </configuration> </plugin> <!-- aot插件,ahead-of-time transformations --> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>0.10.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <executions> <execution> <id>test-generate</id> <goals> <goal>test-generate</goal> </goals> </execution> <execution> <id>generate</id> <goals> <goal>generate</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
上述pom.xml有以下幾處需要注意:
插件倉(cāng)庫(kù)、依賴庫(kù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)、依賴庫(kù)版本的配置都集中在這里;
配置好spring-aot-maven-plugin和spring-boot-maven-plugin這兩個(gè)插件,子工程會(huì)用到;
spring-boot-maven-plugin插件制作docker鏡像的時(shí)候,又會(huì)用到dmikusa/graalvm-tiny鏡像,這才是真正構(gòu)建native image的工具;
新建名為webmvc的子工程,pom.xml內(nèi)容如下,可見內(nèi)容很簡(jiǎn)單,就是常規(guī)依賴庫(kù)和父工程配置的兩個(gè)插件,一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行AOT,一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)構(gòu)建鏡像:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>spring-native-tutorials</artifactId> <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>webmvc</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-native</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-embed-websocket</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-embed-programmatic</artifactId> <version>${tomcat.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <removeSpelSupport>true</removeSpelSupport> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
代碼很簡(jiǎn)單,一個(gè)普通的springboot應(yīng)用,帶http接口:
package com.bolingcavalry.webmvc; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @SpringBootApplication @RestController public class WebmvcApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(WebmvcApplication.class, args); } @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.ACCEPTED) @GetMapping("/status") public String status() { return "status"; } @GetMapping("/") public String hello() { return "1. Hello from Spring MVC and Tomcat, " + LocalDateTime.now(); } }
現(xiàn)在編碼已完成,來構(gòu)建docker鏡像吧,進(jìn)入父工程的pom.xml所在目錄,執(zhí)行以下命令:
mvn clean -U -DskipTests spring-boot:build-image
構(gòu)建成功后輸出信息如下(篇幅所限僅截取最后一小段),耗時(shí)4分25秒,期間筆記本風(fēng)扇狂轉(zhuǎn):
..
[INFO] Successfully built image 'docker.io/library/webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT'
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary for spring-native-tutorials 1.0-SNAPSHOT:
[INFO]
[INFO] spring-native-tutorials ............................ SUCCESS [ 1.786 s]
[INFO] webmvc ............................................. SUCCESS [04:19 min]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 04:25 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-05-22T16:36:44+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[WARNING] The requested profile "nexus" could not be activated because it does not exist.
執(zhí)行docker images命令,如下圖,可見鏡像已經(jīng)生成:
查看鏡像構(gòu)成,可見每個(gè)layer都不大,共計(jì)七十多M:
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ docker history webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT b8ff54813ae0 41 years ago 69B <missing> 41 years ago 452kB <missing> 41 years ago 2.51MB <missing> 41 years ago 57.2MB <missing> 41 years ago 1.4MB <missing> 41 years ago 268B <missing> 41 years ago 17.3MB
鏡像構(gòu)建成功,可以驗(yàn)證基本功能了;
執(zhí)行以下命令,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)臨時(shí)容器(控制臺(tái)結(jié)束后容器會(huì)被清理掉):
docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT
控制臺(tái)輸出如下,79毫秒啟動(dòng)完成,真是一眨間的功夫:
(base) zhaoqindeMBP:~ zhaoqin$ docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT 2021-05-22 09:34:57.578 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.nativex.NativeListener : This application is bootstrapped with code generated with Spring AOT . ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.0-SNAPSHOT) 2021-05-22 09:34:57.586 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication : Starting WebmvcApplication using Java 1.8.0_292 on 3529ec458896 with PID 1 (/workspace/com.bolingcavalry.webmvc.WebmvcApplication started by cnb in /workspace) 2021-05-22 09:34:57.586 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2021-05-22 09:34:57.661 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"] May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal INFO: Starting service [Tomcat] May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal INFO: Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.46] May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log INFO: Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2021-05-22 09:34:57.669 INFO 1 --- [ main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 79 ms May 22, 2021 9:34:57 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"] 2021-05-22 09:34:57.713 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2021-05-22 09:34:57.713 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.webmvc.WebmvcApplication : Started WebmvcApplication in 0.178 seconds (JVM running for 0.19) 2021-05-22 09:34:57.713 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.ApplicationAvailabilityBean : Application availability state LivenessState changed to CORRECT 2021-05-22 09:34:57.714 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.ApplicationAvailabilityBean : Application availability state ReadinessState changed to ACCEPTING_TRAFFIC
瀏覽器訪問本機(jī)8080端口,如下圖,應(yīng)用基本功能正常:
再看看資源使用情況,命令是docker stats,如下可見,內(nèi)存僅用了30M:
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS 6ce6c66fb4de jovial_hertz 0.11% 30.69MiB / 3.844GiB 0.78% 1.49kB / 158B 4.31MB / 0B 18
我曾經(jīng)在hub.docker.com上放了一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)springboot應(yīng)用制作的鏡像bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT,現(xiàn)在拿來和Spring Native鏡像對(duì)比一下,啟動(dòng)信息如下,耗時(shí)2036毫秒:
(base) zhaoqindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhaoqin$ docker run --rm -P docker.io/bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT . ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.6.RELEASE) 2021-05-22 11:13:28.121 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : Starting HellojibApplication on ffb32e5b68b9 with PID 1 (/app/classes started by root in /) 2021-05-22 11:13:28.128 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2021-05-22 11:13:30.000 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2021-05-22 11:13:30.054 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2021-05-22 11:13:30.054 INFO 1 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.21] 2021-05-22 11:13:30.241 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2021-05-22 11:13:30.241 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2036 ms 2021-05-22 11:13:30.715 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2021-05-22 11:13:31.103 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2021-05-22 11:13:31.110 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : Started HellojibApplication in 3.618 seconds (JVM running for 4.297) 2021-05-22 11:13:48.866 INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2021-05-22 11:13:48.866 INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Initializing Servlet 'dispatcherServlet' 2021-05-22 11:13:48.880 INFO 1 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : Completed initialization in 14 ms
再用docker stats對(duì)比內(nèi)存,傳統(tǒng)springboot應(yīng)用的容器消耗了三百多兆內(nèi)存:
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS ffb32e5b68b9 eager_williamson 0.64% 356.3MiB / 3.844GiB 9.05% 3.46kB / 2.29kB 0B / 0B 31 6ce6c66fb4de jovial_hertz 0.11% 30.69MiB / 3.844GiB 0.78% 1.49kB / 158B 4.31MB / 0B 18
綜上所述,Spring Native帶來的優(yōu)勢(shì)是很明顯的,不過請(qǐng)注意:2021年03月11日官方宣布的Spring Native只是beta版本,請(qǐng)不要用于生產(chǎn)環(huán)境!??!
在實(shí)際操作過程中,經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到maven插件或者docker鏡像下載失敗的情況,除了多試幾次,您還可以考慮將項(xiàng)目放到github上去,借助github action在云端完成鏡像構(gòu)建,具體操作請(qǐng)參考《用GitHub Actions制作Docker鏡像》
不用開發(fā),直接體驗(yàn)
我已將鏡像上傳到hub.docker.com,完整名稱是bolingcavalry/webmvc:1.0-SNAPSHOT,如果您只想體驗(yàn)一下native image的效果可以直接下載該鏡像使用;
以上是“Spring Native項(xiàng)目的示例分析”這篇文章的所有內(nèi)容,感謝各位的閱讀!相信大家都有了一定的了解,希望分享的內(nèi)容對(duì)大家有所幫助,如果還想學(xué)習(xí)更多知識(shí),歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道!
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