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這期內(nèi)容當(dāng)中小編將會(huì)給大家?guī)碛嘘P(guān)如何正確的使用springcloud，文章內(nèi)容豐富且以專業(yè)的角度為大家分析和敘述，閱讀完這篇文章希望大家可以有所收獲。
微服務(wù)是軟件開發(fā)的一種架構(gòu)方式，由單一的應(yīng)用小程序構(gòu)成的小服務(wù)；一個(gè)軟件系統(tǒng)由多個(gè)服務(wù)組成；在微服務(wù)中，服務(wù)是細(xì)粒度的，協(xié)議是輕量級(jí)的(部署簡單、性能開銷小）
隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，單體架構(gòu)(MVC三層模型)越來越不能滿足企業(yè)的要求；業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大、團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)人員的增多，使得單體架構(gòu)出現(xiàn)了以下幾個(gè)問題：
(1)部署效率低（比如代碼量非常多，依賴的包非常多，那么每一次編譯打包、部署測(cè)試的時(shí)間就會(huì)很久）
(2)團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)成本高（如果某個(gè)模塊出現(xiàn)問題，可能就要多人修改）
(3)高可用性低（打成war包部署之后，如果某一塊出現(xiàn)了問題，其他模塊都會(huì)受到影響)
(4)一旦代碼膨脹(簡單了說你寫的代碼量大，但功能沒實(shí)現(xiàn)幾個(gè)，浪費(fèi)資源)，上線就會(huì)變慢
SOA(面向服務(wù)編程）便出現(xiàn)了
SOA簡介
SOA是一個(gè)組件模型，它將應(yīng)用程序的不同功能單元（稱為服務(wù)）進(jìn)行拆分，并通過這些服務(wù)之間定義良好的接口和協(xié)議聯(lián)系起來。
雖然解決了服務(wù)的啟動(dòng)時(shí)間，但服務(wù)化也有很大的缺點(diǎn)
1、耦合度較高（一個(gè)依賴可能另一個(gè)模塊，另外一個(gè)模塊又可能依賴其他模塊)
2、公司成本高（每一個(gè)模塊都要由相應(yīng)的人員或者團(tuán)隊(duì)維護(hù))
2014年，隨著容器化技術(shù)的成熟以及 DevOps 文化的興起，微服務(wù)便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生了
微服務(wù)的特點(diǎn)
1.服務(wù)細(xì)粒度
2.協(xié)議輕量級(jí)
3.部署簡單
4.服務(wù)的獨(dú)立維護(hù)性
springcloud是分布式微服務(wù)架構(gòu)的一站式解決方案，是多種微服務(wù)架構(gòu)落地技術(shù)的集合體。
1.分布式/版本化配置
2.服務(wù)注冊(cè)和發(fā)現(xiàn)
3.路由
4.服務(wù)到服務(wù)的通話
5.負(fù)載均衡
6.斷路器
7.全局鎖
8.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)選舉和集群狀態(tài)
9.分布式消息傳遞
SpringCloud的官網(wǎng)地址：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#overview
1.進(jìn)入springcloud官方頁面:https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud#learn
2. LEARN->Reference Doc.
3. 版本選擇
最近發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上很多springcloud入門體驗(yàn)都是關(guān)于消費(fèi)-訂單的小Demo，那我當(dāng)然不能落后了（菜是原罪?）
1、創(chuàng)建一個(gè)父項(xiàng)目（統(tǒng)一管理子模塊依賴版本）
2、創(chuàng)建第一個(gè)子模塊-----》訂單服務(wù)模塊
3、創(chuàng)建第二個(gè)子模塊-----》客戶消費(fèi)模塊
編寫代碼之前應(yīng)該先構(gòu)思好流程，如果直接就去碼代碼，碼了一會(huì)可能又要添添改改；還有可能做完項(xiàng)目之后又要對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行重構(gòu)，這就是沒有構(gòu)思好流程。
1、技術(shù)選型
2、業(yè)務(wù)流程
3、核心業(yè)務(wù)分析
4、代碼優(yōu)化
…
刪除多余的文件，留下一個(gè)pom.xml文件
pom文件依賴
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud_all</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <modules> ## 創(chuàng)建了子模塊之后會(huì)自動(dòng)加入 ## <module>payment-module</module> </modules> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <junit.version>4.13</junit.version> <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version> <mysql.version>8.0.19</mysql.version> <druid.version>1.2.4</druid.version> <mybatis.spring.boot.version>2.1.4</mybatis.spring.boot.version> <druid.spring.boot.version>1.2.4</druid.spring.boot.version> <springfox-swagger-ui.version>2.9.2</springfox-swagger-ui.version> <springfox-swagger2.version>2.9.2</springfox-swagger2.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>2.4.3</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring-cloud 2020.0.2--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>2020.0.2</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring-cloud alibaba--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId> <version>2021.1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>${druid.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${druid.spring.boot.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>${springfox-swagger-ui.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>${springfox-swagger2.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <fork>true</fork> <addResources>true</addResources> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
右鍵->New->Module
PaymentApplication啟動(dòng)類
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentApplication.class,args);
}
}Ⅲ.Ⅰ、pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springcloud_all</artifactId> <groupId>com.cloud</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.pay</groupId> <artifactId>payment-module</artifactId> <dependencies> <!-- web+監(jiān)控--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- mybatis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- mysql--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- jdbc--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
Ⅲ.Ⅱ、application.yml 配置文件編寫
server: port: 8081 spring: application: name: payment-module datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC username: root password: hao20001010 mybatis: mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml type-aliases-package: com.cloud.entity
Ⅲ.Ⅲ、Controller層編寫
package com.cloud.controller;
import com.cloud.Service.PaymentService;
import com.cloud.entity.Payment;
import com.cloud.entity.Result;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
/**
* @author:抱著魚睡覺的喵喵
* @date:2021/4/18
* @description:
*/
@RestController
@Slf4j
@Api(value = "《----訂單模塊----》")
public class PaymentController {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PaymentController.class);
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
/**
* 創(chuàng)建訂單模塊
* @api /payment/create
* @param payment Payment實(shí)體類
* @return Result<></>
*/
@ApiOperation(value = "創(chuàng)建訂單")
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public Result create(@RequestBody Payment payment) {
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
logger.info("插入結(jié)果========》" +result);
if (result > 0) {
return new Result(200,"插入成功", result);
} else {
return new Result(500, "插入失敗", null);
}
}
/**
* 訂單查詢模塊
* @api /payment/get/{id}
* @param id 編號(hào)
* @return Payment實(shí)體類
*/
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
@ApiModelProperty(value = "訂單查詢")
public Result getPaymentById(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
logger.info("訂單查詢結(jié)果=========>"+payment);
if (payment != null) {
return new Result(200, "查詢成功", payment);
} else {
logger.error("訂單插敘失??！請(qǐng)排查原因");
return new Result(500, "查詢失敗,無該訂單ID:"+id, null);
}
}
}Ⅲ.Ⅳ、service層
public interface PaymentService {
int create(Payment payment);
Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Integer id);
}@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {
@Resource
private PaymentMapper paymentMapper;
@Override
public int create(Payment payment) {
return paymentMapper.create(payment);
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById(Integer id) {
return paymentMapper.getPaymentById(id);
}
}Ⅲ.Ⅴ、mapper層
@Mapper
public interface PaymentMapper {
int create(Payment payment);
Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Integer id);
}Ⅲ.Ⅵ、mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.cloud.mapper.PaymentMapper">
<insert id="create" parameterType="payment" keyProperty="id" useGeneratedKeys="true">
insert into payment(orders)values(#{orders})
</insert>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="payment" resultMap="BaseResultMap" >
select * from payment where id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<id column="orders" property="orders" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
</resultMap>
</mapper>@Data
public class Result<T> implements Serializable {
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public Result(){}
public Result(Integer code, String msg) {
this(code, msg, null);
}
public Result(Integer code, String msg, T data) {
this.code = code;
this.message = msg;
this.data = data;
}
}@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ApiModel(value = "Payment實(shí)體類")
public class Payment {
@ApiModelProperty(value = "id")
private Integer id;
@ApiModelProperty(value = "訂單信息")
private String orders;
}Payment、Result以及ConsumerApplication啟動(dòng)類和上面類似。
PRE：RestTemplate詳解
RestTemplate是spring封裝的一個(gè)服務(wù)端遠(yuǎn)程HTTP請(qǐng)求工具，支持常見的Rest請(qǐng)求（get、post等）
簡單了說就是用來遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的，因?yàn)槟阌唵文K是一個(gè)服務(wù)，消費(fèi)模塊又是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的服務(wù)，兩個(gè)服務(wù)端的端口號(hào)要進(jìn)行交互，所以就有了RestTemplate
RestTemplate是服務(wù)端HTTP調(diào)用的
Jsonp是客戶端調(diào)用的
server: port: 80
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}Ⅲ、ConsumerController
@RestController
@Api(value = "消費(fèi)模塊")
public class ConsumerController {
private static final String CONSUMER_URL = "http://localhost:8081";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
@ApiOperation(value = "模擬添加")
public Result<Payment> create(Payment payment) {
return restTemplate.postForObject(CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/create", payment, Result.class);
}
@ApiOperation(value = "模擬獲取")
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public Result<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) {
return restTemplate.getForObject(CONSUMER_URL + "/payment/get/" + id, Result.class);
}
}上述就是小編為大家分享的如何正確的使用springcloud了，如果剛好有類似的疑惑，不妨參照上述分析進(jìn)行理解。如果想知道更多相關(guān)知識(shí)，歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道。
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