溫馨提示×

您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!

密碼登錄×
登錄注冊(cè)×
其他方式登錄
點(diǎn)擊 登錄注冊(cè) 即表示同意《億速云用戶服務(wù)條款》

50web開發(fā)2_webob

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-07-31 01:06:03 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 閱讀:285 作者:chaijowin 欄目:編程語言

?

?

目錄

MultiDict... 1

webob.Request對(duì)象:... 2

webob.Response對(duì)象:... 4

webob.dec裝飾器:... 5

?

?

?

webob

environ,環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)有很多,都存在dict中,字典存取沒有像訪問對(duì)象的屬性使用方便;

使用第三方庫(kù)webob,可把環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)的解析、封裝成對(duì)象;

?

https://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/webob/en/stable/#

?

>pip install webob

?

常用:

webob.request

webob.response

webob.dec?? #decorator

webob.exc?? #exception

webob.multidict?? #特殊的字典,key可重復(fù)(允許一個(gè)key存多個(gè)值),因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)頁中的表單框會(huì)有重名,如都叫name

?

MultiDict

特殊的字典,key可重復(fù),允許一個(gè)key對(duì)應(yīng)多個(gè)value;

往里添加時(shí)用add()方法,若用md['a']=2則會(huì)覆蓋之前的value;

例:

from webob.multidict import MultiDict

?

md = MultiDict()

md.add(1, 'magedu')

md.add(1, '.com')

md.add('a', 1)

md.add('a', 2)

md['b'] = '3'?? #若此句放到md.add('b', 4)之后則是覆蓋

md.add('b', 4)

?

for pair in md.items():

??? print(pair)

?

print(md.getall('a'))?? #獲取'a'這個(gè)key對(duì)應(yīng)的所有value

print(md.get('b'))?? #獲取'b'這個(gè)key對(duì)應(yīng)的一個(gè)value

print(md.get('c'))

print(md.getone('c'))?? #getone()只能有一個(gè)值,即'c'這個(gè)key只能對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)value

輸出:

(1, 'magedu')

(1, '.com')

('a', 1)

('a', 2)

('b', '3')

('b', 4)

[1, 2]

4

None

……

KeyError: "Multiple values match 'b': ['3', 4]"

?

?

?

webob.Request對(duì)象:

environ環(huán)境參數(shù)解析并封裝成request對(duì)象;

?

GET方法,發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)是url中的query string,在request header中;

request.GET就是一個(gè)MultiDict字典,里面封裝著查詢字符串;

?

POST方法,提交的數(shù)據(jù)是放在request body里面,但也可同時(shí)使用query string;

request.POST可獲取request body中的數(shù)據(jù),也是個(gè)Multidict;

chrome插件postman模擬POST請(qǐng)求;

fiddler-->右側(cè)composer模擬POST請(qǐng)求;

?

不關(guān)心什么方法提交,只關(guān)心數(shù)據(jù),可用request.params,它里面是所有提交數(shù)據(jù)的封裝;

?

注:

url中的query string,歸request.GET管;

body中的表單,歸request.POST管;

request.params,查詢字符串和body中的提交表單都管;

?

例,webob.Request

from webob import Request, Response

?

def application(environ, start_response):

??? request = Request(environ)

??? print(request.method)

??? print(request.path)

??? print(request.GET)

??? print(request.POST)?? #MultiDict()

??? print(request.params)?? #NetstedMultiDict()

??? print(request.query_string)

???

??? html = '<h2>test</h2>'.encode()

??? start_response("200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')])

??? return [html]

?

ip = '127.0.0.1'

port = 9999

server = make_server(ip, port, application)

server.serve_forever()

server.shutdown()

server.server_close()

輸出:

GET

/index.html

GET([('id', '5'), ('name', 'jowin'), ('name', 'tom'), ('age', ''), ('age', '18,19')])

<NoVars: Not an HTML form submission (Content-Type: text/plain)>

NestedMultiDict([('id', '5'), ('name', 'jowin'), ('name', 'tom'), ('age', ''), ('age', '18,19')])

id=5&name=jowin&name=tom&age=&age=18,19

?

fiddler模擬POST

50web開發(fā)2_webob

User-Agent: Fiddler

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Host: 127.0.0.1:9999

輸出:

POST

/index.php

GET([])

MultiDict([('index.html', ''), ('id', '5'), ('name', 'jowin'), ('name', 'chai'), ('age', ''), ('age', '18,19')])

NestedMultiDict([('index.html', ''), ('id', '5'), ('name', 'jowin'), ('name', 'chai'), ('age', ''), ('age', '18,19')])

?

?

?

webob.Response對(duì)象:

查看源碼:

class Response(object):

??? def __init__(self, body=None, status=None, headerlist=None, app_iter=None,

???????????????? content_type=None, conditional_response=None, charset=_marker,

???????????????? **kw):

??? def __call__(self, environ, start_response):

??????? """

??????? WSGI application interface

??????? """

??????? start_response(self.status, headerlist)

??????? return self._app_iter?? #self._app_iter = app_iterapp_iter = [body]

?

例:

def application(environ, start_response):

??? request = Request(environ)

??? print(request.params)

?

??? res = Response()

??? print(res.status)

??? print(res.headerlist)

??? print(res.content_type)

??? print(res.charset)

??? print(res.status_code)

??? res.status_code = 200

??? html = '<h2>test</h2>'.encode()

??? res.body = html

??? start_response(res.status, res.headerlist)

??? return [html]

輸出:

NestedMultiDict([('id', '5'), ('name', 'jowin'), ('name', 'tom'), ('age', ''), ('age', '18,19')])

200 OK

[('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'), ('Content-Length', '0')]

text/html

UTF-8

200

?

例:

def application(environ, start_response):

??? request = Request(environ)

??? print(request.params)

?

??? res = Response()

??? print(res.status)

??? print(res.headerlist)

??? print(res.content_type)

??? print(res.charset)

??? print(res.status_code)

??? res.status_code = 200

??? html = '<h2>test</h2>'.encode()

??? res.body = html

??? return res(environ, start_response)?? #Response類中有__call__()方法,實(shí)例可調(diào)用

?

?

?

webob.dec裝飾器:

class wsgify(object):

??? RequestClass = Request

??? def __init__(self, func=None, RequestClass=None,

???????????????? args=(), kwargs=None, middleware_wraps=None):

?

例:

from webob import Request, Response, dec

from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server

?

@dec.wsgify

def app(request:Request)->Response:?? #這種方式更貼合實(shí)際,進(jìn)來request,出去response;app()函數(shù)應(yīng)具有一個(gè)參數(shù),是webob.Request類型,是對(duì)字典environ對(duì)象化后的實(shí)例,返回值必須是一個(gè)webob.Response類型,app()函數(shù)中應(yīng)要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一個(gè)webob.Response類型的實(shí)例

??? print(request.method)

??? print(request.path)

??? print(request.query_string)

??? return Response('<h2>test</h2>'.encode())

?

if __name__ == '__main__':

??? ip = '127.0.0.1'

??? port = 9999

??? server = make_server(ip, port, app)

??? try:

??????? server.serve_forever()

??? except KeyboardInterrupt:

??????? pass

??? finally:

??????? server.shutdown()

??????? server.server_close()

輸出:

GET

/index.html

id=5&name=jowin&name=tom&age=&age=18,19

?

?

?

?

?


向AI問一下細(xì)節(jié)
推薦閱讀:
  1. hive50題
  2. 50.iOS安裝pod

免責(zé)聲明:本站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創(chuàng)、轉(zhuǎn)載和分享為主,文章觀點(diǎn)不代表本網(wǎng)站立場(chǎng),如果涉及侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系站長(zhǎng)郵箱:is@yisu.com進(jìn)行舉報(bào),并提供相關(guān)證據(jù),一經(jīng)查實(shí),將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。

AI