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68ES6_解構(gòu)_數(shù)組操作_對(duì)象操作

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2020-07-27 12:54:31 來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 閱讀:330 作者:chaijowin 欄目:編程語(yǔ)言

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解構(gòu):

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數(shù)組解構(gòu):

js的數(shù)組解構(gòu)非常強(qiáng)大;

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解構(gòu)時(shí),變量從左到右和元素對(duì)齊,可變參數(shù)放到最右邊;

能對(duì)應(yīng)到數(shù)據(jù)就返回?cái)?shù)據(jù),對(duì)應(yīng)不到數(shù)據(jù)就返回默認(rèn)值,沒(méi)有默認(rèn)值返回undefined;

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例:

const arr = [1,3,5,7];

arr.push(9,11,13);

console.log(arr);?? //如何理解常量,常量,聲明和初始化不能分開(kāi),對(duì)象的地址(內(nèi)存地址,數(shù)組首地址)不能變

// arr = 2;?? //X,TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.

輸出:

[ 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 ]

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例:

const arr = [1,3,5];

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// const x,y,z = arr;?? //X,是逗號(hào)表達(dá)式,另(x,y,z) = arr;語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤;數(shù)組必須要用[]解構(gòu)

const [x,y,z] = arr;

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const [x,y,z,m,n] = arr;?? //多于數(shù)組元素

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const [x,y] = arr;?? //少于數(shù)組元素;py必須兩邊個(gè)數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)

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const [x,,,,,,,,m,n] = arr;?? //1 undefined undefined;py做不到

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const [x,...m] = arr;?? //1 [ 3, 5 ];可變的要往后放

// const [x,...m,n] = arr;?? //X,SyntaxError: Rest element must be last element

,可變的要往后放

const [x,y,...m] = arr;?? //1 3 [ 5 ]

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const [x=100,,,,,y=200] = arr;?? //支持默認(rèn)值

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例,嵌套數(shù)組:

const arr = [1,[2,3],4];

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const [a,[b,c],d] = arr;?? //1 2 3 4

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const [a,b] = arr;?? //1 [ 2, 3 ]

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const [a,b,c,d=8] = arr;?? //1 [ 2, 3 ] 4 8

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const [a,...b] = arr;?? //1 [ [ 2, 3 ], 4 ]

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對(duì)象解構(gòu):

解構(gòu)時(shí),需要提供對(duì)象的屬性名,會(huì)根據(jù)屬性名找到對(duì)應(yīng)的值,沒(méi)有找到的返回缺省值,沒(méi)有缺省值則返回undefined

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例,簡(jiǎn)單對(duì)象:

const obj = {

??? a:100,

??? b:200,

??? c:300

};

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let x,y,z = obj;?? //undefined undefined { a: 100, b: 200, c: 300 };X錯(cuò)誤,是逗號(hào)表達(dá)式,

let {x,y,z} = obj;?? //undefined undefined undefined;找不到key

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let {a,b,c} = obj;?? //V,按key來(lái)解

let {a,b,c,d} = obj;?? //100 200 300 undefined

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let {a,x,c,d=400} = obj;?? //100 undefined 300 400

let {a,x=1000,c=3000,d=4000} = obj;?? //100 1000 300 4000

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let {a:m,b:n,c} = obj;?? //100 200 300;重命名

console.log(m,n,c);

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let {a:M,c:N,d:D='python'} = obj;?? //100 300 'python'

console.log(M,N,D);

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例,嵌套對(duì)象:

var metadata = {

??? title: 'Scratchpad',

??? translations: [

??????? {

??????????? locale: 'de',

??????????? localization_tags: [ ],

??????????? last_edit: '2018-10-22%16:42:00',

??????????? url: '/de/docs/Tools/Scratchpad',

??????????? title: 'JavaScript-Umgebung'

??????? }

??? ],

??? url: '/en-US/docs/Tools/Scratchpad'

};

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var {title:enTitle, translations:[{title:localeTitle}]} = metadata;

console.log(enTitle,localeTitle);

輸出:

Scratchpad JavaScript-Umgebung

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數(shù)組操作:

push(...items)?? //尾部增加多個(gè)元素;

pop()?? //移除最后一個(gè)元素,并返回它;

map?? //引入處理函數(shù)來(lái)處理數(shù)組中每一個(gè)元素,返回新的數(shù)組,可鏈?zhǔn)骄幊蹋?/span>

filter?? //引入處理函數(shù)處理數(shù)組中每一個(gè)元素,該處理函數(shù)將返回true的元素保留,將非true的元素過(guò)濾掉,保留的元素構(gòu)成新的數(shù)組返回,可鏈?zhǔn)骄幊蹋?/span>

forEach?? //迭代所有元素,無(wú)返回值;

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例:

const arr = [1,2,3,4,5];

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arr.push(6,7,8,9,10);

console.log(arr);

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arr.pop();

console.log(arr);

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const power = arr.map(x=>x*x);

console.log(power);

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const newarr = arr.filter(x=>x>5);

console.log(newarr);

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const newarr1 = arr.forEach(x=>x+1);?? //無(wú)返回值

console.log(newarr1);

console.log(arr.forEach(x=>x+1),arr);?? //無(wú)返回值,沒(méi)有在原來(lái)數(shù)組上操作

輸出:

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

[ 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81 ]

[ 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

undefined

undefined [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ]

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例:

const arr = [1,2,3,4,5],算出所有元素平方值是偶數(shù),且大于10的結(jié)果;

console.log(arr.map(x=>x*x).filter(x=>x%2 === 0).filter(x=>x>10));?? //不好

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console.log(arr.filter(x=>x%2===0).map(x=>x*x).filter(x=>x>10));?? //V,和DB中的查詢(xún)一樣,先過(guò)濾再計(jì)算

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s = Math.sqrt(10);

console.log(arr.filter(x=>x>s && x%2 === 0).map(x=>x*x));

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對(duì)象操作:

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Object的靜態(tài)方法:

Object.keys(obj)?? //ES5開(kāi)始支持,返回所有key

Object.values(obj)?? //返回所有值,試驗(yàn)階段,支持較差

Ojbect.entries(obj)?? //返回所有值,試驗(yàn)階段,支持較差

Object.assign(target,...sources)?? //使用多個(gè)source對(duì)象,來(lái)填充target對(duì)象,返回target對(duì)象

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例:

const obj = {

??? a:100,

??? b:200,

??? c:300

};

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console.log(Object.keys(obj));

console.log(Object.values(obj));

console.log(Object.entries(obj));

輸出:

[ 'a', 'b', 'c' ]

[ 100, 200, 300 ]

[ [ 'a', 100 ], [ 'b', 200 ], [ 'c', 300 ] ]

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例:

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var metadata = {

??? title: 'Scratchpad',

??? translations: [

??????? {

??????????? locale: 'de',

??????????? localization_tags: [ ],

??????????? last_edit: '2018-10-22%16:42:00',

??????????? url: '/de/docs/Tools/Scratchpad',

??????????? title: 'JavaScript-Umgebung'

??????? }

??? ],

??? url: '/en-US/docs/Tools/Scratchpad'

};

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var copy = Object.assign({},metadata,

??? {schoolName:'magedu',url:'www.magedu.com'},

??? {translations:null});

console.log(copy);

輸出:

{ title: 'Scratchpad',

? translations: null,

? url: 'www.magedu.com',

? schoolName: 'magedu' }

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