100django_admin

?

?

admin

?

requirement：

django強(qiáng)大的功能之一，提供了admin后臺管理界面，簡單配置就可對數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)容作管理；

?

mysite/mysite/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [

??? # 'users.apps.UsersConfig',

??? 'blog.apps.BlogConfig',

??? 'publish.apps.PublishConfig',

??? 'bootstrap3',

??? 'books.apps.BooksConfig',

??? 'polls.apps.PollsConfig',

??? 'django.contrib.admin',

??? 'django.contrib.auth',?? #依賴1

??? 'django.contrib.contenttypes',?? #依賴2

??? 'django.contrib.sessions',?? #依賴3

? ??'django.contrib.messages',?? #依賴4

??? 'django.contrib.staticfiles',

]

TEMPLATES = [

??? {

??????? 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

??????? # 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.jinja2.Jinja2',

??????? 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],

??????? 'APP_DIRS': True,

??????? 'OPTIONS': {

??????????? 'context_processors': [

??????????????? 'django.template.context_processors.debug',

??????????????? 'django.template.context_processors.request',

??????????????? 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

??????????????? 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

??????????? ],

??????? },

??? },

]

MIDDLEWARE = [

??? 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

??? 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

??? 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

??? 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

??? 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

??? 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

??? 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

]

?

?

mysite/mysite/urls.py

urlpatterns = [

??? # url(r'^$', index),

??? # url(r'^hello/$', hello),

??? # url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),

??? # url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls', app_name='polls')),

??? # url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls', namespace='polls')),

??? # url(r'^books/', include('books.urls')),

??? # url(r'^sendmail/', include('sendmail.urls')),

??? # url(r'publish/', include('publish.urls')),

??? url(r'blog/', include('blog.urls')),

??? url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

]

?

以上是前4步；

5、${app_dir}/admin.py，給每個模型創(chuàng)建一個ModelAdmin類，封裝模型自定義的Admin功能和選項；

6、注冊ModelAdmin；

到此，可通過綁定的url來訪問管理站點，默認(rèn)是/admin/；

?

注：

默認(rèn)，is_superuser和is_staff雙重身份才能在admin中進(jìn)行管理和修改；

當(dāng)只有is_staff，能進(jìn)入后臺但不能進(jìn)行任何操作；

當(dāng)只有is_superuser，不能進(jìn)入admin；

>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User

>>> User.objects.all()

<QuerySet []>

>>> u = User.objects.create_user(username='jowin',email='jowin@ane56.com')

>>> u.set_password('jowin')

>>> u.save()

>>> u

<User: jowin>

>>> u.is_superuser

False

>>> u.is_superuser=True

>>> u.is_staff

False

>>> u.is_staff=True

>>> u.save()

>>> u.is_active

True

>>> quit()

?

?

配置ModelAdmin：

?

django默認(rèn)會到${app_name}下找admin.py模塊；

自動根據(jù)model的field類型設(shè)置form類型；

?

label名稱，定義model field時指定verbose_name；

exclude，排除某字段，不展示；

fields，顯示某字段；

date_hierarchy，添加日期標(biāo)簽過濾；

ordering，排序；

search_fields，搜索某列；

list_display，列表顯示更多列；

list_filter；

?

mysite/blog/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Blog, Author, Entry

?

# admin.site.register(Blog)?? #方式1

# admin.site.register(Author)

# admin.site.register(Entry)

?

@admin.register(Blog)?? #方式2

class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

??? pass

?

@admin.register(Entry)

class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

??? pass

?

@admin.register(Author)

class AuthorAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

??? pass

?

?

def authors_display(obj):

??? return ', '.join([ author.name for author in obj.authors.all()])

?

authors_display.short_description = 'Authors'

?

def make_pub_date_to_now(modeladmin, request, queryset):

??? queryset.update(pub_date=timezone.now())

?

make_pub_date_to_now.short_description = '批量修改發(fā)布日期為今天'

?

@admin.register(Entry)

class EntryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

??? exclude = ('n_comments', 'n_pingbacks')

??? date_hierarchy = 'pub_date'

??? search_fields = ('headline', 'body_text')

??? list_display = ('headline', 'blog', 'pub_date', authors_display)

??? actions = [make_pub_date_to_now]

注：

web頁上label（form label），對應(yīng)models.py中的verbose_name；

?

注：

與代碼中authors_display.short_description = 'Authors'對應(yīng)；

?

注：

Actions與代碼中actions = [make_pub_date_to_now]對應(yīng)；

?

?

?