python3學(xué)習(xí)案例

"""
請打印出
1024 * 768 = ***
"""
shu = 1024 * 768
print("1024 * 768 = %d" %shu)

"""
請打印出以下變量的值：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
n = 123
f = 456.789
s1 = 'Hello, world'
s2 = 'Hello, \'Adam\''
s3 = r'Hello, "Bart"'
s4 = r'''Hello,
Lisa!'''
"""
n = 123
f = 456789 / 1000
s1 = "'Hello, World'"
s2 = "'Hello, \\'Adam\\''"
s3 = "r'Hello, \"Bart\"'"
s4 = 'r''\'\'\'Hello,\nLisa!\'\'\''
print('n=', n, '\nf=', f, '\ns1=', s1, '\ns2=', s2, '\ns3=', s3, '\ns4=', s4)

"""
×××的成績從去年的72分提升到了今年的85分，請計算×××成績提升的百分點，并用字符串格式化顯示出'xx.x%'，只保留小數(shù)點后1位：
"""
zuo_nain = 72 / 100
jin_nain = 85 / 100
r = (jin_nain - zuo_nain) * 100
print("提升%.1f%%" %r )

"""
請用索引取出下面list的指定元素：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
L = [
    ['Apple', 'Google', 'Microsoft'],
    ['Java', 'Python', 'Ruby', 'PHP'],
    ['Adam', 'Bart', 'Lisa']
]
# 打印Apple:
print(?)
# 打印Python:
print(?)
# 打印Lisa:
print(?)
"""
L = [
    ['Apple', 'Google', 'Microsoft'],
    ['Java', 'Python', 'Ruby', 'PHP'],
    ['Adam', 'Bart', 'Lisa']]
print(L[0][0])
print(L[1][1])
print(L[2][2])

"""
×××身高1.75，體重80.5kg。請根據(jù)BMI公式（體重除以身高的平方）幫×××計算他的BMI指數(shù)，并根據(jù)BMI指數(shù)：
低于18.5：過輕
18.5-25：正常
25-28：過重
28-32：肥胖
高于32：嚴(yán)重肥胖
用if-elif判斷并打印結(jié)果：
"""
s = input("高》：")
height = float(s)
a = input("重》：")
weight = float(a)

BMI = weight / height ** 2
if BMI < 18.5:
    print("過輕")
elif BMI < 25:
    print("正常")
elif BMI < 28:
    print("過重")
elif BMI < 32:
    print("肥胖")
elif BMI > 32:
    print("嚴(yán)重肥胖")

"""
請利用循環(huán)依次對list中的每個名字打印出Hello, xxx!：
L = ['Bart', 'Lisa', 'Adam']
"""
L = ['Bart', 'Lisa', 'Adam']
for i in L:
    print("Hello, %s" % i)

"""
實現(xiàn)將列表：['a','a','b','a','b','c']輸出為字典：{'a':3,'b':2,'c':1}
"""
str_list = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'c']
st_set = set(['a', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'c'])
dic = {}
for i in st_set:
    cont = str_list.count(i)
    dic[i] = cont
print(dic)

"""
請利用Python內(nèi)置的hex()函數(shù)把一個整數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換成十六進(jìn)制表示的字符串：
"""
n1 = 233
n2 = 1000
print(hex(n1), hex(n2))

"""
請定義一個函數(shù)quadratic(a, b, c)，接收3個參數(shù)，返回一元二次方程 ax^2+bx+c=0 的兩個解。
計算平方根可以調(diào)用math.sqrt()函數(shù)
"""
import math
def quadratic(a, b, c):
    b2 = b ** 2 - 4*a*c
    if not isinstance(a + b + c, (int, float)):
        raise TypeError('error type')
    if b2 >= 0:
        ma_x1 = math.sqrt(b ** 2 - 4*a*c)
        x1 = (-b - ma_x1) / (2 * a)
        x2 = (-b + ma_x1) / (2 * a)
        print("x1=%.2f ,x2=%.2f" % (x1, x2))
    else:
        print("無解")
quadratic(1, 5, 5)

"""
以下函數(shù)允許計算兩個數(shù)的乘積，請稍加改造，變成可接收一個或多個數(shù)并計算乘積：
def product(x, y):
    return x * y
"""
def product(*arges):
    if len(arges) == 0:
        raise TypeError('參數(shù)不能為空, 否則沒有意義!')
    s = 1
    for i in arges:
        if not isinstance(i, (int, float)):
            raise TypeError('error type')
        s = i * s
    #return s
    print(s)
product(10, 25)

"""
請編寫move(n, a, b, c)函數(shù)，它接收參數(shù)n，表示3個柱子A、B、C中第1個柱子A的盤子數(shù)量，然后打印出把所有盤子從A借助B移動到C的方法，例如：
"""
def move(n, a, b, c):
    if n < 0:
        product("請輸入大于0")
    elif n == 1:
        print(a, '-->', c)
    else:
        move(n - 1, a, c, b)   # 1, A, B,  C
        move(1, a, b, c)       #1,  A, B,  C
        move(n - 1, b, a, c)   #1,  A, B,  C
move(2, 'A', 'B', 'C')

"""
利用切片操作，實現(xiàn)一個trim()函數(shù)，去除字符串首尾的空格，注意不要調(diào)用str的strip()方法：
"""
def trim(s):
    if s[:1] == ' ':
        s = s[1:]
        print(s)
    elif s[-1:] == ' ':
        s = s[:-1]
        print(s)
    elif s[:1] == ' ' and s[-1:] == ' ':
        s = s[1:-1]
        print(s)
trim(" abc2" )

"""
請使用迭代查找一個list中最小和最大值，并返回一個tuple：
"""
def suh(L):
    if not isinstance(L, (list, tuple)):
        raise TypeError('param must be a list')
    max_L = min_L = L[0]
    for i in L:
        if max_L < i:
            max_L = i
        elif min_L > i:
            min_L = i
    print(min_L)
    print(max_L)
suh([8, 2, 4, 5])

"""
如果list中既包含字符串，又包含整數(shù)，由于非字符串類型沒有l(wèi)ower()方法，所以列表生成式會報錯：
>>> L = ['Hello', 'World', 18, 'Apple', None]
>>> [s.lower() for s in L]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <listcomp>
AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'lower'
使用內(nèi)建的isinstance函數(shù)可以判斷一個變量是不是字符串：

>>> x = 'abc'
>>> y = 123
>>> isinstance(x, str)
True
>>> isinstance(y, str)
False
請修改列表生成式，通過添加if語句保證列表生成式能正確地執(zhí)行：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
L1 = ['Hello', 'World', 18, 'Apple', None]
L2 = ??
"""
L1 = ['Hello', 'World', 18, 'Apple', None]
L2 = [s.lower() for s in L1 if isinstance(s, str)]
print(L2)

"""
楊輝三角定義如下：
          1
         / \
        1   1
       / \ / \
      1   2   1
     / \ / \ / \
    1   3   3   1
   / \ / \ / \ / \
  1   4   6   4   1
 / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
1   5   10  10  5   1

把每一行看做一個list，試寫一個generator，不斷輸出下一行的list：
# 期待輸出:
# [1]
# [1, 1]
# [1, 2, 1]
# [1, 3, 3, 1]
# [1, 4, 6, 4, 1]
# [1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1]
# [1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1]
# [1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1]
# [1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1]
# [1, 9, 36, 84, 126, 126, 84, 36, 9, 1]
"""
def triangles(n):
    L = [1]
    m = 0
    while n > m:
        yield L
        p = [L[a] + L[a + 1] for a in range(len(L) - 1)]
        #print(p)
        L = [1] + p + [1]
        m +=1
for i in triangles(11):
    print(i)

"""
利用map()函數(shù)，把用戶輸入的不規(guī)范的英文名字，變?yōu)槭鬃帜复髮?，其他小寫的?guī)范名字。輸入：['adam', 'LISA', 'barT']，輸出：['Adam', 'Lisa', 'Bart']：
"""
def normalize(name):
    name = name.lower()
    name = name.title()
    return name
L1 = ['adam', 'LISA', 'barT']
L2 = list(map(normalize, L1))
print(L2)

"""
Python提供的sum()函數(shù)可以接受一個list并求和，請編寫一個prod()函數(shù)，可以接受一個list并利用reduce()求積：
"""
from functools import reduce
def prod(G):
    def fn(x, y):
        return x * y
    return reduce(fn, G)   # def f(): retuen x*y  reduce(f, [x1, x2, x3, x4]) = f(f(f(x1, x2), x3), x4)
print("3 * 5 * 7 * 9 =", prod([3, 5, 7, 9]))

"""
利用map和reduce編寫一個str2float函數(shù)，把字符串'123.456'轉(zhuǎn)換成浮點數(shù)123.456：
"""
def str2float(s):
    for i in range(len(s)):
        if s[i] == '.':
            n = i

    def num1(x, y = 0):
        return x * 10 + y

    Digits = {'0': 0, '1': 1, '2': 2, '3': 3, '4': 4, '5': 5, '6': 6, '7': 7, '8': 8, '9': 9}

    def digit(x):
        return Digits[x]

    return reduce(num1, map(digit, s[ : n])) + reduce(num1, map(digit, s[n + 1 : ])) / pow(10, (len(s) - n - 1))
print("str2float('123.456') =", str2float('123.456'))
if abs(str2float('123.456') - 123.456) < 0.00001:
    print('測試成功!')
else:
    print('測試失敗!')

"""
假設(shè)我們用一組tuple表示學(xué)生名字和成績：
L = [('Bob', 75), ('Adam', 92), ('Bart', 66), ('Lisa', 88)]
請用sorted()對上述列表分別按名字排序：
"""
L = [('Bob', 75), ('Adam', 92), ('Bart', 66), ('Lisa', 88)]

def by_name(t):
    m = t[0]
    return m

def by_score(t):
    n=-t[1]
    return n

L1 = sorted(L, key=by_score)
L2 = sorted(L, key=by_name)
print(L1)
print(L2)

"""
回數(shù)是指從左向右讀和從右向左讀都是一樣的數(shù)，例如12321，909。請利用filter()篩選出回數(shù)：
"""
def is_palindrome(n):
    c = 0
    for i in range(len(str(n))):
        if str(n)[i] != str(n)[-i-1]:
            c = c+1
    return c == 0

#測試
output = filter(is_palindrome, range(1, 1000))
print('1~1000:', list(output))
if list(filter(is_palindrome, range(1, 200))) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191]:
    print('測試成功!')
else:
    print('測試失敗!')

"""
def count():
    fs = []
    for i in range(1, 4):
        def f():
             return i*i
        fs.append(f)
    return fs
f1 = count()[0]
print(f1())
不加括號函數(shù)不執(zhí)行。
利用閉包返回一個計數(shù)器函數(shù)，每次調(diào)用它返回遞增整數(shù)：
"""
def createCounter():
    f = []
    def counter():
        f.append(counter)
        return len(f)
    return counter
# 測試:
counterA = createCounter()
print(counterA(), counterA(), counterA(), counterA(), counterA()) # 1 2 3 4 5
counterB = createCounter()
if [counterB(), counterB(), counterB(), counterB()] == [1, 2, 3, 4]:
    print('測試通過!')
else:
    print('測試失敗!')

"""
請用匿名函數(shù)改造下面的代碼：
def is_odd(n):
    return n % 2 == 1

L = list(filter(is_odd, range(1, 20)))
print(L)
"""
L = list(filter(lambda n:n % 2 ==1 , range(1, 20)))
print(L)

"""
請設(shè)計一個decorator，它可作用于任何函數(shù)上，并打印該函數(shù)的執(zhí)行時間：
"""
import time, functools
def metric(fn):
    @functools.wraps(fn)
    def wrapper(*args, **kw):
        start = time.time()
        re = fn(*args, **kw)
        end = time.time()
        print('%s executed in %s ms' % (fn.__name__, end-start))
        return fn(*args, **kw)
    return wrapper

# 測試
@metric
def fast(x, y):
    time.sleep(0.0012)
    return x + y;
@metric
def slow(x, y, z):
    time.sleep(0.1234)
    return x * y * z;
f = fast(11, 22)
s = slow(11, 22, 33)
if f != 33:
    print('測試失敗!')
elif s != 7986:
    print('測試失敗!')

"""
請把下面的Student對象的gender字段對外隱藏起來，用get_gender()和set_gender()代替，并檢查參數(shù)有效性：
class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
"""
class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.__gender = gender
    def get_gender(self):
        return self.__gender
    def set_gender(self, gender):
        self.__gender = gender

bart = Student('Bart', 'male')
print(bart.name, bart.get_gender())
if bart.get_gender() != 'male':
    print('測試失敗!')
else:
    bart.set_gender('female')
    if bart.get_gender() != 'female':
        print('測試失敗!')
    else:
        print('測試成功!')

"""
為了統(tǒng)計學(xué)生人數(shù)，可以給Student類增加一個類屬性，每創(chuàng)建一個實例，該屬性自動增加：
"""
class Student(object):
    count = 0
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        Student.count+=1
# 測試:
if Student.count != 0:
    print('測試失敗!')
else:
    bart = Student('Bart')
    if Student.count != 1:
        print('測試失敗!')
    else:
        lisa = Student('Bart')
        if Student.count != 2:
            print('測試失敗!')
        else:
            print('Students:', Student.count)
            print('測試通過!')

"""
請利用@property給一個Screen對象加上width和height屬性，以及一個只讀屬性resolution：
"""
class Screen(object):
    @property
    def width(self):
        return self._width

    @width.setter
    def width(self, width_value):
        self._width = width_value

    @property
    def height(self):
        return  self._height
    @height.setter
    def height(self, height_value):
        self._height = height_value

    @property
    def resolution(self):
        return self._width * self._height

# 測試:
s = Screen()
s.width = 1024
s.height = 768
print('resolution =', s.resolution)
if s.resolution == 786432:
    print('測試通過!')
else:
    print('測試失敗!')

""""
運行下面的代碼，根據(jù)異常信息進(jìn)行分析，定位出錯誤源頭，并修復(fù)：
from functools import reduce

def str2num(s):
    return int(s)

def calc(exp):
    ss = exp.split('+')
    ns = map(str2num, ss)
    return reduce(lambda acc, x: acc + x, ns)

def main():
    r = calc('100 + 200 + 345')
    print('100 + 200 + 345 =', r)
    r = calc('99 + 88 + 7.6')
    print('99 + 88 + 7.6 =', r)

main()
"""
from functools import reduce
def str2num(s):
    s = s.strip()
    if s.replace('.','').isdigit():
        if s.count('.') == 0:
            return int(s)
        else:
            return float(s)
    else:
        raise ValueError('input error')

def calc(exp):
    ss = exp.split('+')
    print('ss=',ss)
    ns = map(str2num, ss)
    return reduce(lambda acc, x: acc + x, ns)

def main():
    r = calc('100 + 200 + 345')
    print('100 + 200 + 345 =', r)
    r = calc('99 + 88 + 7.6')
    print('99 + 88 + 7.6 =', r)

main()

"""
請將本地一個文本文件讀為一個str并打印出來：
"""
#寫入
fpath_wrig = r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\LUOZIX.txt'
with open(fpath_wrig, 'w') as f:
    w = f.write("woshiwshui\n wozainaer \n woyaoshfuu")

#追加
fpath_wria = r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\LUOZIX.txt'
with open(fpath_wria, 'a') as f:
    w = f.write("\n1234455")

#1查看
fpath = r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\LUOZIX.txt'
with open(fpath, 'r') as f:
    s = f.read()
    print(s)

#2查看
with open(fpath, 'r') as fs:
    ss = fs.readlines()
    for x in ss:
        print(x)