如何在Linux中使用ping命令

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1.命令格式：

ping [參數(shù)] [主機(jī)名或IP地址]

2.命令功能：

ping命令用于：確定網(wǎng)絡(luò)和各外部主機(jī)的狀態(tài)；跟蹤和隔離硬件和軟件問題；測(cè)試、評(píng)估和管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)。如果主機(jī)正在運(yùn)行并連在網(wǎng)上，它就對(duì)回送信號(hào)進(jìn)行響應(yīng)。每個(gè)回送信號(hào)請(qǐng)求包含一個(gè)網(wǎng)際協(xié)議（IP）和 ICMP 頭，后面緊跟一個(gè) tim 結(jié)構(gòu)，以及來填寫這個(gè)信息包的足夠的字節(jié)。缺省情況是連續(xù)發(fā)送回送信號(hào)請(qǐng)求直到接收到中斷信號(hào)（Ctrl-C）。

ping 命令每秒發(fā)送一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)并且為每個(gè)接收到的響應(yīng)打印一行輸出。ping 命令計(jì)算信號(hào)往返時(shí)間和(信息)包丟失情況的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，并且在完成之后顯示一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié)。ping 命令在程序超時(shí)或當(dāng)接收到 SIGINT 信號(hào)時(shí)結(jié)束。Host 參數(shù)或者是一個(gè)有效的主機(jī)名或者是因特網(wǎng)地址。

3.命令參數(shù)：

-d 使用Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。

-f  極限檢測(cè)。大量且快速地送網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺(tái)機(jī)器，看它的回應(yīng)。

-n 只輸出數(shù)值。

-q 不顯示任何傳送封包的信息，只顯示最后的結(jié)果。

-r 忽略普通的Routing Table，直接將數(shù)據(jù)包送到遠(yuǎn)端主機(jī)上。通常是查看本機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口是否有問題。

-R 記錄路由過程。

-v 詳細(xì)顯示指令的執(zhí)行過程。

<p>-c 數(shù)目：在發(fā)送指定數(shù)目的包后停止。

-i 秒數(shù)：設(shè)定間隔幾秒送一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)封包給一臺(tái)機(jī)器，預(yù)設(shè)值是一秒送一次。

-I 網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面：使用指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)界面送出數(shù)據(jù)包。

-l 前置載入：設(shè)置在送出要求信息之前，先行發(fā)出的數(shù)據(jù)包。

-p 范本樣式：設(shè)置填滿數(shù)據(jù)包的范本樣式。

-s 字節(jié)數(shù)：指定發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)數(shù)，預(yù)設(shè)值是56，加上8字節(jié)的ICMP頭，一共是64ICMP數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)。

-t 存活數(shù)值：設(shè)置存活數(shù)值TTL的大小。

4.使用實(shí)例：

實(shí)例1：ping的通的情況

命令：ping 192.168.120.205

輸出：

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205
PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

實(shí)例2：ping不通的情況

命令：ping 192.168.120.202

輸出：

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202
PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms
, pipe 4
[root@localhost ~]#

實(shí)例3：ping網(wǎng)關(guān)

命令：ping -b 192.168.120.1

輸出：

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1
PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms

實(shí)例4：ping指定次數(shù)

命令：ping -c 10 192.168.120.206

輸出：

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

實(shí)例5：時(shí)間間隔和次數(shù)限制的ping

命令：ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206

輸出：

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

實(shí)例6：通過域名ping公網(wǎng)上的站點(diǎn)

命令：ping -c 5 www.58.com

輸出：

代碼如下:

peida-VirtualBox ~ # ping -c 5 www.58.com
PING www.58.com (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms</p> <p>--- www.58.com ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms
peida-VirtualBox ~ #

實(shí)例7：多參數(shù)使用

命令：ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206

輸出：

代碼如下:

[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_seq=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms
[root@localhost ~]#

說明：-i 3 發(fā)送周期為 3秒 -s 設(shè)置發(fā)送包的大小為1024 -t 設(shè)置TTL值為 255

上述就是小編為大家分享的如何在Linux中使用ping命令了，如果剛好有類似的疑惑，不妨參照上述分析進(jìn)行理解。如果想知道更多相關(guān)知識(shí)，歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道。