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搭建mysql的主從復(fù)制和讀寫分離 +--------+ (write) +--------+ | client | +---------------------+| master | +--------+| | +--------+| | | | | | | | +--------+ (read) | (read) +--------+| amoeba |+---------------------|-----------+ (write) | +--------+| | | | | | | | (read)| | | +--------+| | +--------+ | +--------+ | client | +-| slave1 |+---------+----------+| slave2 | +--------+ +--------+ (replication) +--------+ master mysql:172.17.0.4 slave1 mysql:172.17.0.5 slave2 mysql:172.17.0.6 mysql-proxy(amoeba):172.17.0.8 Test host:172.17.0.7 主從復(fù)制： master mysql ： 安裝mysqlserver和mysql yum install mysql-server mysql -y 修改配置文件 vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf [mysqld] server-id = 1 log-bin = master-bin 啟動(dòng)mysql /etc/init.d/mysql start 修改root密碼 mysqladmin -uroot -p password mysql 登陸mysql測(cè)試并查看master狀態(tài) mysql -uroot -pmysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 22449 Server version: 5.5.47-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 3648 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.03 sec) 創(chuàng)建主從同步賬號(hào) MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'mysqlmaster'@'172.17.0.%' identified by '123456'; slave1 mysql ： 安裝mysqlserver和mysql yum install mysql-server mysql -y 修改配置文件 vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf [mysqld] server-id = 2 #id必須唯一 log-bin = slave-bin 啟動(dòng)mysql /etc/init.d/mysql start 修改root密碼 mysqladmin -uroot -p password mysql 創(chuàng)建同步文件 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.17.0.4',master_user='mysqlmaster',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=3648; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; 查看是否成功，確保下面兩項(xiàng)為Yes MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes master mysql ： 在master mysql上創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)查看slave1 mysql是否同步 MariaDB [(none)]> create database new1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> create database new2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | new1 | | new2 | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) slave1 mysql : MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | new1 | | new2 | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 我們生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中會(huì)碰到這種情況：備份主機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)，或者添加一臺(tái)主機(jī)。進(jìn)行雙主機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)。 另外就是在線上中途添加更多的從機(jī)。 而我們知道，從機(jī)上設(shè)置 slave 時(shí)要指定 master_log_file 和 master_log_pos, 即指定binlog文件和偏移值。 這也就是說(shuō)，從機(jī)是可以從任意位置的 binlog 文件中進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的同步。比如：我們將 binlog 文件備份到其它某處放置，某天，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)出問(wèn)題了，需要對(duì)某些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)，這時(shí)候從該文件中進(jìn)行恢復(fù)。 添加一個(gè)新的從機(jī)，可以有兩種方式：從 master 機(jī)器復(fù)制; 另一種是直接從 slave 復(fù)制. mysql-主從結(jié)構(gòu)添加新的slave 兩種解決辦法 1.copy master master mysql ： 鎖定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) MariaDB [(none)]> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) 查看主機(jī)狀態(tài)，幾下file position參數(shù) MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 3974 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 備份所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) mysqldump --all-databases -uroot -pmysql > backup.sql 拷貝到準(zhǔn)備新加的slave主機(jī) scp backup.sql root@172.17.0.6:/root slave2 mysql : 安裝mysqlserver和mysql yum install mysql-server mysql -y 修改配置文件 vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf [mysqld] server-id = 3 #id必須唯一 log-bin = slave2-bin 啟動(dòng)mysql /etc/init.d/mysql start 修改root密碼 mysqladmin -uroot -p password mysql 導(dǎo)入主服務(wù)器scp過(guò)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) mysql -uroot -pmysql < backup.sql 創(chuàng)建同步文件 MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='172.17.0.4',master_user='mysqlmaster',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=3974; MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; 查看是否成功，確保下面兩項(xiàng)為Yes MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G; Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes master mysql ： 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證是否添加成功 MariaDB [(none)]> create database new3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | new1 | | new2 | | new3 | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) slave2 mysql : MariaDB [(none)]> create database new3; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | new1 | | new2 | | new3 | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 2 copy slave 復(fù)制從庫(kù)要步驟： ==================== 可以看到，從主庫(kù)復(fù)制會(huì)有段時(shí)間鎖表，這段時(shí)間會(huì)影響主庫(kù)的使用。如果我們能直接從從庫(kù)進(jìn)行復(fù)制，就不會(huì)對(duì)主庫(kù)產(chǎn)生影響了。但是，從從庫(kù)復(fù)制要保證的是復(fù)制過(guò)程中從庫(kù)上的數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)發(fā)生變化，所以要先停掉從庫(kù)。 1.停止從庫(kù): mysql> stop slave; 2.看當(dāng)前從庫(kù)的狀態(tài)。和前面的看主庫(kù)狀態(tài)一樣。但現(xiàn)在是從從庫(kù)復(fù)制，所以查看從庫(kù)狀態(tài)：mysql> show slave status; 記下 Relay_Master_Log_file 和 Exec_Master_Log_Pos, 用處和前面一樣. 3.備份從庫(kù)數(shù)據(jù).用 mysqldump 4.在新的從庫(kù)上還原數(shù)據(jù) 5.設(shè)置新從庫(kù)的 slave 參數(shù).change master to master_host = '192.168.3.119',master_port = 3306,master_user = 'repl_user',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000005',master_log_pos=194244; 可以看到，雖然新從庫(kù)是從從庫(kù)復(fù)制的數(shù)據(jù)，但實(shí)際上 binlog 的 master 還是指向的主庫(kù)。 另外，這里將 master_log_file 和 master_log_pos 設(shè)置成第 2 步中的 Relay_Master_Log_file 和 Exec_Master_Log_Pos start slave; mysql的主從復(fù)制+讀寫分離 +--------+ (write) +--------+ | client | +---------------------+| master | +--------+| | +--------+| | | | | | | | +--------+ (read) | (read) +--------+| amoeba |+---------------------|-----------+ (write) | +--------+| | | | | | | | (read)| | | +--------+| | +--------+ | +--------+ | client | +-| slave1 |+---------+----------+| slave2 | +--------+ +--------+ (replication) +--------+ 讀寫分離 Amoeba(變形蟲)項(xiàng)目，專注 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) proxy 開發(fā)。座落與Client、DB Server(s)之間。對(duì)客戶端透明。具有負(fù)載均衡、高可用性、sql過(guò)濾、讀寫分離、可路由相關(guān)的query到目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、可并發(fā)請(qǐng)求多臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)合并結(jié)果。再看下上面的架構(gòu)圖。 因?yàn)閍moeba是java編寫的，所以需要先安裝java框架 Amoeba ： java安裝 下載java wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u79-b15/jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz 創(chuàng)建java目錄，并解壓 mkdir -p /usr/jdk tar -xzvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/jdk 配置環(huán)境變量，在/etc/profile文件最后添加如下配置 vim /etc/profile export JAVA_HOME=/usr/jdk/ export CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH 使配置文件生效 source /etc/profile 測(cè)試 java -version java version "1.7.0_79" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_79-b15) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.79-b02, mixed mode) 證明已經(jīng)安裝完成 amoeba安裝配置 下載解壓 wget http://ufpr.dl.sourceforge.net/project/amoeba/Amoeba%20for%20mysql/3.x/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip unzip amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC-distribution.zip mv amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC /usr/local/ 配置 vim amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/amoeba.xml （前段連接文件） <service name="Amoeba for Mysql" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MySQLService"> <!-- port --> <property name="port">8066</property> ///////amoeba監(jiān)聽(tīng)端口///////// <!-- bind ipAddress --> <!-- <property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property> ///////amoeba監(jiān)聽(tīng)地址///////// --> <property name="connectionFactory"> <bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlClientConnectionFactory"> <property name="sendBufferSize">128</property> <property name="receiveBufferSize">64</property> </bean> </property> <property name="authenticateProvider"> <bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator"> <property name="user">root</property> ///Amoeba代理用戶名///// <property name="password">mysql</property> ///Amoeba代理用戶密碼///// <property name="filter"> <bean class="com.meidusa.toolkit.net.authenticate.server.IPAccessController"> <property name="ipFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf</property> </bean> </property> </bean> </property> </service> ....................... ....................... <queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter"> <property name="ruleLoader"> <bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.route.TableRuleFileLoader"> <property name="ruleFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml</property> <property name="functionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml</property> </bean> </property> <property name="sqlFunctionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml</property> <property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property> <property name="defaultPool">master</property> ///////默認(rèn)地址池//////// <property name="writePool">master</property> //////寫地址池/////////// <property name="readPool">vipdb</property> //////讀地址池//////// <property name="needParse">true</property> </queryRouter> vim amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/conf/dbServers.xml （后端數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)參數(shù)文件） <dbServer name="abstractServer" abstractive="true"> <factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory"> <property name="connectionManager">${defaultManager}</property> <property name="sendBufferSize">64</property> <property name="receiveBufferSize">128</property> <!-- mysql port --> <property name="port">3306</property> /////數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接端口/////// <!-- mysql schema --> <property name="schema">test</property> ////默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)//// <!-- mysql user --> <property name="user">amoeba</property> ///主從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)默認(rèn)連接用戶//// <property name="password">mysql</property> ////主從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)默認(rèn)連接用戶密碼//// </factoryConfig> ............................ ............................ </dbServer> <dbServer name="master" parent="abstractServer"> +---+ <factoryConfig> | <!-- mysql ip --> | <property name="ipAddress">172.17.0.4</property> | </factoryConfig> | </dbServer> | | <dbServer name="slave1" parent="abstractServer"> | <factoryConfig> | <!-- mysql ip --> |+-------//////定義后端數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，dbServer可以隨意命名，但自己必須清楚哪個(gè)是主，那個(gè)是從，而且主服務(wù)器命名要和amoeba.xml中writePool相對(duì)應(yīng)，從服務(wù)器對(duì)應(yīng)下面 <property name="ipAddress">172.17.0.5</property> |virturl dbServer中的poolNames ip對(duì)應(yīng)各個(gè)db/////// </factoryConfig> | </dbServer> | <dbServer name="slave2" parent="abstractServer"> | <factoryConfig> | <!-- mysql ip --> | <property name="ipAddress">172.17.0.6</property> | </factoryConfig> +---| </dbServer> <dbServer name="vipdb" virtual="true"> +---+ <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool"> | <!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA--> | <property name="loadbalance">1</property> | |+-------///第一行的dbserver name命名一定和amoeba.xml的readPool相對(duì)應(yīng)，property name配置從服務(wù)器的集合，可以是一個(gè)，可以是多個(gè)！ <!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 --> | <property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property> | </poolConfig> | </dbServer> +---+ vim amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/jvm.properties （java虛擬機(jī)配置） 把原來(lái)的這一句JVM_OPTIONS="-server -Xms256m -Xmx1024m -Xss196k -XX:PermSize=16m -XX:MaxPermSize=96m" 改成JVM_OPTIONS="-server -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Xss256k -XX:PermSize=16m -XX:MaxPermSize=96m" 在master，slave1，slave2分別授權(quán)dbServer.xml中定義的用戶名和密碼 MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'amoeba'@'%' identified by "mysql"; MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to 'amoeba'@'localhost' identified by "mysql"; 啟動(dòng)amoeba /usr/local/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher& 查看進(jìn)程(如果啟動(dòng)成功，會(huì)看到如下進(jìn)程) ps -ef root 467 337 0 12:51 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/bin/launcher root 472 467 0 12:51 pts/0 00:00:05 /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_67/bin/java -server -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Xss256k -XX:PermSize=16m root 473 467 0 12:51 pts/0 00:00:00 tail -f /usr/local/amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC/logs/console.log 查看監(jiān)聽(tīng)端口 netstat -anpl tcp 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 472/java tcp 0 0 ::ffff:172.17.0.8:8066 ::ffff:172.17.0.7:39978 ESTABLISHED 472/java tcp 0 0 ::ffff:172.17.0.8:46624 ::ffff:172.17.0.5:3306 ESTABLISHED 472/java tcp 0 0 ::ffff:172.17.0.8:41286 ::ffff:172.17.0.4:3306 ESTABLISHED 472/java Test host測(cè)試 測(cè)試是拿amoeba.xml中定義的用戶名密碼去測(cè)試，千萬(wàn)別被這地方繞進(jìn)去 [root@7898596a875b ~]# mysql -uroot -p -h272.17.0.8 -P8066 Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1265630343 Server version: 5.1.45-mysql-amoeba-proxy-3.0.4-BETA MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | new1 | | new2 | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 測(cè)試讀寫分離 master mysql : 在master上建表 MariaDB [(none)]> use new1; MariaDB [new1]> create table student( id int(4) not null AUTO_INCREMENT, name char(20) not null, age tinyint(2) NOT NULL default '0', dept varchar(16) default NULL, primary key(id), KEY index_name (name) ); slave1,slave2 : slave1 停掉slave MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [new1]> insert into new1.student(id,name) values(2,'slave'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) MariaDB [new1]> select * from new1.student; +----+-------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+-------+-----+------+ | 2 | slave | 0 | NULL | +----+-------+-----+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) slave2 MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> insert into new1.student(id,name) values(3,'slave'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> select * from new1.student; +----+-------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+-------+-----+------+ | 3 | slave | 0 | NULL | +----+-------+-----+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) master上也插入一條數(shù)據(jù) MariaDB [new1]> insert into new1.student(id,name) values(1,'slave'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) 查詢插入 MariaDB [new1]> select * from new1.student; +----+-------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+-------+-----+------+ | 1 | slave | 0 | NULL | +----+-------+-----+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) Test host測(cè)試 MySQL [new1]> select * from new1.student; +----+-------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+-------+-----+------+ | 3 | slave | 0 | NULL | +----+-------+-----+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 第一次查詢發(fā)現(xiàn)只查詢到slave的數(shù)據(jù)，以為另一個(gè)slave讀寫分離沒(méi)有做成功，再次查詢發(fā)現(xiàn) amoeba是輪詢著從從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)池里讀取數(shù)據(jù) MySQL [new1]> select * from new1.student; +----+-------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+-------+-----+------+ | 2 | slave | 0 | NULL | +----+-------+-----+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 再插入一條數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)查詢不到插入的，還是只能查詢到slave上數(shù)據(jù) MySQL [new1]> insert into student(id,name) values(4,'yufyang'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) MySQL [new1]> select * from new1.student; +----+-------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+-------+-----+------+ | 3 | slave | 0 | NULL | +----+-------+-----+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MySQL [new1]> select * from new1.student; +----+-------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+-------+-----+------+ | 2 | slave | 0 | NULL | +----+-------+-----+------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) master mysql ： MariaDB [new1]> select * from new1.student; +----+---------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+---------+-----+------+ | 1 | slave | 0 | NULL | | 4 | yufyang | 0 | NULL | +----+---------+-----+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 發(fā)現(xiàn)剛才在測(cè)試機(jī)上通過(guò)amoeba插入的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在主數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的表中 開啟slave 再次查詢slave上的數(shù)據(jù) MariaDB [new1]> select * from new1.student; +----+---------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+---------+-----+------+ | 1 | slave | 0 | NULL | | 2 | slave | 0 | NULL | | 4 | yufyang | 0 | NULL | +----+---------+-----+------+ 發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)同步master，amoeba測(cè)試機(jī)上的數(shù)據(jù)了
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