python如何學(xué)習(xí)requests爬取網(wǎng)頁圖片

這篇文章將為大家詳細(xì)講解有關(guān)python如何學(xué)習(xí)requests爬取網(wǎng)頁圖片，小編覺得挺實(shí)用的，因此分享給大家做個參考，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲。

前言

??最近想做一個練練的小游戲給家里的小朋友玩兒，但是苦于選取素材，然后在一個巨佬的博客里找了靈感，就借用一下粉絲的頭像試試爬取網(wǎng)頁里的圖片吧！

?
完成總目標(biāo)：
??爬取粉絲頭像作為素材，完成一個連連看的小游戲
故本文分為兩部分內(nèi)容：
1、爬取素材部分；
2、利用素材完成連連看小游戲部分(鏈接)

實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)：

??通過爬蟲實(shí)現(xiàn)對粉絲頭像的爬取并順序排列存儲，作為游戲設(shè)計(jì)的素材，其中爬取的頭像一部分是使用了CSDN的默認(rèn)頭像，存在重復(fù)情況，所以還需要去重以得到完整且不重復(fù)的圖像集

一、準(zhǔn)備

1、python環(huán)境

2、涉及到的python庫需要 pip install 包名 安裝

二、代碼編寫

1.爬取內(nèi)容

（1）所需要的庫

import requestsimport json

（2）得到請求地址

url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/fans/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875'   #關(guān)注我的部分請求地址#url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/follow/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875'   #我關(guān)注的部分請求地址

請求地址獲取方法：
右擊所要爬取部分頁面，點(diǎn)擊 審查元素，找到圖中文件


注： 頁面選到“TA的粉絲（13）”部分才能出現(xiàn)，如果點(diǎn)擊Network什么也沒有，則需要刷新頁面就會出現(xiàn)頁面內(nèi)容了）
（3）帶上請求頭發(fā)送請求，做一些簡單偽裝

header = {
        'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36',
        'Cookie' : 'uuid_tt_dd=10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156; Hm_ct_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=6525*1*10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156!5744*1*weixin_45386875!1788*1*PC_VC; UN=weixin_45386875; p_uid=U010000; ssxmod_itna=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1ODlOaYxA5D8D6DQeGTbcW1AoWGATqFYKmEWiH5/gbO4FpjQGcxLbbYx0aDbqGkqnU40rDzuQGuD0KGRDD4GEDCHHDIxGUBuDeKDR8qDg7gQcCM=DbSdDKqDHR+4FbG4oD8PdS0p=C7Gt3AuQ3DmtSije3r424rQ+iPqWzPDA3DK6jiD==; ssxmod_itna2=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1D66Ii40vah403pFcXW0D6QALW==0tWLGtzKPUA76xoU10vpqD6AoOqs1R=Db=3olozYp0wVxUS0r/GeZCqzVezFQc8dZon7efYcr=1nhNr6nWKcTqqaDQYcwYSA+hNaqem=WWuDuDQ/+1PGEsN=atvS7WDp07vFuFDherg0AP0KFw0ea6kcTtK2rh/fy=/De0n1FNk+ONYxCXr=QrdTj6gxCuNNWXvp1IDdl2Ckjc=N/cqV6SmHZIZIuOEqml=dHMroMFDvdMVr8afnyQ+sbGPCbt3xdD07tAdRD7uDQ0gT=Bh7OYblbtYQFDDLxD2tGDD===; UserName=weixin_45386875; UserInfo=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserToken=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserNick=ryc875327878; AU=01F; BT=1612846374580; Hm_up_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=%7B%22uid_%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%22weixin_45386875%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22islogin%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isonline%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isvip%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%7D; __gads=ID=94978f740e79c9e5-22c918ed05c600ea:T=1613266189:RT=1613266189:S=ALNI_Mbwb8ad5kdYjogF7yImerVAzKaJuQ; dc_session_id=10_1613272889543.735028; announcement-new=%7B%22isLogin%22%3Atrue%2C%22announcementUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Fblogdevteam%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F112280974%3Futm_source%3Dgonggao_0107%22%2C%22announcementCount%22%3A0%2C%22announcementExpire%22%3A3600000%7D; dc_sid=3784575ebe1e9d08a29b0e3fc3621328; c_first_ref=default; c_first_page=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_segment=4; Hm_lvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613222907,1613266055,1613268241,1613273899; TY_SESSION_ID=82f0aa61-9b28-49b2-a854-b18414426735; c_pref=; c_ref=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_page_id=default; dc_tos=qoi2fq; log_Id_pv=925; Hm_lpvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613274327; log_Id_view=905; log_Id_click=658'
    }

獲取請求頭的方法：


（4）向網(wǎng)頁發(fā)送請求

try:
        data = requests.get(url,headers = header).text
        data_dist = json.loads(data)
    except:
        print('爬取失敗')
        exit ()

2.保存所需圖片并去重

定義一些函數(shù)備用

#保存文件def save_imag(file_name,img_url):
    request.urlretrieve(url=img_url,filename='D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\'+file_name)

#刪除一個文件夾下的所有所有文件def del_file(path):
    ls = os.listdir(path)
    for i in ls:
        c_path = os.path.join(path, i)
        if os.path.isdir(c_path):#如果是文件夾那么遞歸調(diào)用一下
            del_file(c_path)
        else:                    #如果是一個文件那么直接刪除
            os.remove(c_path)
    print ('文件已經(jīng)清空完成')

#圖像去重def compare_images(pic1,pic2):
    image1 = Image.open(pic1)
    image2 = Image.open(pic2)

    histogram1 = image1.histogram()
    histogram2 = image2.histogram()
    differ = math.sqrt(reduce(operator.add, list(map(lambda a,b: (a-b)**2,histogram1, histogram2)))/len(histogram1))
    print('differ:',differ)
    if differ == 0:
        return 'same'
    else:
        return 'diff'

#刪除指定位置的圖像def del_avatar(path):
    if os.path.exists(path):  # 如果文件存在
        os.remove(path)  
    else:
        print('no such file:%s'%(path))  # 則返回文件不存在

#先清空一下文件夾
    del_file('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar')
    index = 0
    # i 是爬取列表的索引號； index 是保存的圖片的索引號
    for i in range(0,len(fan_list)):
        fan_username = fan_list[i]['nickname']
        #print('fans_user%s:'%(i+1),fan_username)
        fan_avatar_url = fan_list[i]['userAvatar']
        #print('fans_avatar_url%s:'%(i+1),fan_avatar_url) 
        save_imag('fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),fan_avatar_url)
        #print('----------------save_image--fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
        #圖片去重
        for j in range(0,index):
            if index != j :
                comp_res = compare_images('./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
                print('--------compare_images:--------'+'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1) + '------with---' + './fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
                print('comp_res:',comp_res)
                if comp_res == 'same':
                    del_avatar('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
                    print('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
                    index = index - 1
                    break
        
        index = index + 1

3、調(diào)用

if __name__ == "__main__":    spider_fanavatar()

三、完整代碼

# 爬取網(wǎng)頁圖片import requestsfrom urllib import requestimport jsonfrom PIL import Imageimport osimport mathimport operatorfrom functools import reduce#保存文件def save_imag(file_name,img_url):
    request.urlretrieve(url=img_url,filename='D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\'+file_name)#爬取粉絲的頭像def spider_fanavatar():
    url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/fans/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875'   #關(guān)注我的部分請求地址
    #url = 'https://blog.csdn.net//phoenix/web/v1/follow/list?page=1&pageSize=40&blogUsername=weixin_45386875'   #我關(guān)注的部分請求地址
    header = {
        'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.108 Safari/537.36',
        'Cookie' : 'uuid_tt_dd=10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156; Hm_ct_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=6525*1*10_30826311340-1612520858912-361156!5744*1*weixin_45386875!1788*1*PC_VC; UN=weixin_45386875; p_uid=U010000; ssxmod_itna=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1ODlOaYxA5D8D6DQeGTbcW1AoWGATqFYKmEWiH5/gbO4FpjQGcxLbbYx0aDbqGkqnU40rDzuQGuD0KGRDD4GEDCHHDIxGUBuDeKDR8qDg7gQcCM=DbSdDKqDHR+4FbG4oD8PdS0p=C7Gt3AuQ3DmtSije3r424rQ+iPqWzPDA3DK6jiD==; ssxmod_itna2=Qui=DKiI3hkbG=DXDnD+r8h9eD53ecxPPit5bP1D66Ii40vah403pFcXW0D6QALW==0tWLGtzKPUA76xoU10vpqD6AoOqs1R=Db=3olozYp0wVxUS0r/GeZCqzVezFQc8dZon7efYcr=1nhNr6nWKcTqqaDQYcwYSA+hNaqem=WWuDuDQ/+1PGEsN=atvS7WDp07vFuFDherg0AP0KFw0ea6kcTtK2rh/fy=/De0n1FNk+ONYxCXr=QrdTj6gxCuNNWXvp1IDdl2Ckjc=N/cqV6SmHZIZIuOEqml=dHMroMFDvdMVr8afnyQ+sbGPCbt3xdD07tAdRD7uDQ0gT=Bh7OYblbtYQFDDLxD2tGDD===; UserName=weixin_45386875; UserInfo=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserToken=9863b829527c49a3ba1622396deaa7d9; UserNick=ryc875327878; AU=01F; BT=1612846374580; Hm_up_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=%7B%22uid_%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%22weixin_45386875%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22islogin%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isonline%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%221%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%2C%22isvip%22%3A%7B%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22scope%22%3A1%7D%7D; __gads=ID=94978f740e79c9e5-22c918ed05c600ea:T=1613266189:RT=1613266189:S=ALNI_Mbwb8ad5kdYjogF7yImerVAzKaJuQ; dc_session_id=10_1613272889543.735028; announcement-new=%7B%22isLogin%22%3Atrue%2C%22announcementUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Fblogdevteam%2Farticle%2Fdetails%2F112280974%3Futm_source%3Dgonggao_0107%22%2C%22announcementCount%22%3A0%2C%22announcementExpire%22%3A3600000%7D; dc_sid=3784575ebe1e9d08a29b0e3fc3621328; c_first_ref=default; c_first_page=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_segment=4; Hm_lvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613222907,1613266055,1613268241,1613273899; TY_SESSION_ID=82f0aa61-9b28-49b2-a854-b18414426735; c_pref=; c_ref=https%3A//www.csdn.net/; c_page_id=default; dc_tos=qoi2fq; log_Id_pv=925; Hm_lpvt_6bcd52f51e9b3dce32bec4a3997715ac=1613274327; log_Id_view=905; log_Id_click=658'
    }
    try:
        data = requests.get(url,headers = header).text   #得到返回的字符串
        data_dist = json.loads(data)                     #將字符串轉(zhuǎn)為字典格式
    except:
        print('爬取失敗')
        exit ()
    fan_list = data_dist['data']['list']                #提取所需內(nèi)容
    #先清空一下文件夾
    del_file('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar')
    index = 0
    # i 是爬取列表的索引號； index 是保存的圖片的索引號
    for i in range(0,len(fan_list)):
        fan_username = fan_list[i]['nickname']
        #print('fans_user%s:'%(i+1),fan_username)
        fan_avatar_url = fan_list[i]['userAvatar']
        #print('fans_avatar_url%s:'%(i+1),fan_avatar_url) 
        save_imag('fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),fan_avatar_url)
        #print('----------------save_image--fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
        #圖片去重
        for j in range(0,index):
            if index != j :
                comp_res = compare_images('./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1),'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
                print('--------compare_images:--------'+'./fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1) + '------with---' + './fan_avatar/fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(j+1))
                print('comp_res:',comp_res)
                if comp_res == 'same':
                    del_avatar('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
                    print('D:\\ryc\python_learning\\10_linkup\\fan_avatar\\fans_avatar%s.jpg'%(index+1))
                    index = index - 1
                    break
        
        index = index + 1
                #圖像去重def compare_images(pic1,pic2):
    image1 = Image.open(pic1)
    image2 = Image.open(pic2)
    histogram1 = image1.histogram()
    histogram2 = image2.histogram()
    differ = math.sqrt(reduce(operator.add, list(map(lambda a,b: (a-b)**2,histogram1, histogram2)))/len(histogram1))
    print('differ:',differ)
    if differ == 0:
        return 'same'
    else:
        return 'diff'
        #刪除指定位置的圖像def del_avatar(path):
    if os.path.exists(path):  # 如果文件存在
        os.remove(path)  
    else:
        print('no such file:%s'%(path))  # 則返回文件不存在#刪除一個文件夾下的所有所有文件def del_file(path):
    ls = os.listdir(path)
    for i in ls:
        c_path = os.path.join(path, i)
        if os.path.isdir(c_path):#如果是文件夾那么遞歸調(diào)用一下
            del_file(c_path)
        else:                    #如果是一個文件那么直接刪除
            os.remove(c_path)
    print ('文件已經(jīng)清空完成')if __name__ == "__main__":
    spider_fanavatar()

最后

第一部分內(nèi)容就到這里，第二部分內(nèi)容將在下一篇文章完成，感興趣的小伙伴可以關(guān)注我，然后去看下一片文章哦！

都讀到這里了，各位親愛的讀者留下你們寶貴的贊和評論吧，這將是我繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的堅(jiān)定動力?。?！

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