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本篇文章給大家分享的是有關(guān)SpringBoot中怎么反序列化子類,小編覺得挺實(shí)用的,因此分享給大家學(xué)習(xí),希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲,話不多說,跟著小編一起來(lái)看看吧。
目標(biāo)
在SpringBoot接口中,我們一般用@RequestBody類注解需要反序列化的對(duì)象,但是當(dāng)存在多個(gè)子類的情況下,常規(guī)的反序列化不能滿足需求,比如:
我們有一個(gè)類Exam用于表示一張?jiān)嚲恚?/p>
@Datapublic class Exam { private String name; private List<Question> questions;}
這里Question比較特殊,Question本身是一個(gè)抽象類,提供了一些通用的方法調(diào)用,實(shí)際子類有單選題、多選題、判斷題多種情況
實(shí)現(xiàn)
SprintBoot內(nèi)置的序列化是使用的Jackson,查閱文檔后發(fā)現(xiàn)Jackson提供了@JsonTypeInfo和@JsonSubTypes這兩個(gè)注解,搭配使用,可以根據(jù)指定的字段值來(lái)指定實(shí)例化中用到的具體的子類類型
這幾個(gè)類的實(shí)際代碼如下:
抽象基類Question:
@Data@JsonTypeInfo( use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.EXISTING_PROPERTY, property = "type", visible = true)@JsonSubTypes({ @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = SingleChoiceQuestion.class, name = Question.SINGLE_CHOICE), @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = MultipleChoiceQuestion.class, name = Question.MULTIPLE_CHOICE), @JsonSubTypes.Type(value = TrueOrFalseQuestion.class, name = Question.TRUE_OR_FALSE),})public abstract class Question { protected static final String SINGLE_CHOICE = "single_choice"; protected static final String MULTIPLE_CHOICE = "multiple_choice"; protected static final String TRUE_OR_FALSE = "true_or_false"; protected String type; protected String content; protected String answer; protected boolean isCorrect(String answer) { return this.answer.equals(answer); }}
判斷題TrueOrFalseQuestion:
@Data@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)public class TrueOrFalseQuestion extends Question { public TrueOrFalseQuestion() { this.type = TRUE_OR_FALSE; }}
選擇題ChoiceQuestion:
@Data@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)public abstract class ChoiceQuestion extends Question { private List<Option> options; @Data public static class Option { private String code; private String content; }}
單選題SingleChoiceQuestion:
@Data@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)public class SingleChoiceQuestion extends ChoiceQuestion { public SingleChoiceQuestion() { this.type = SINGLE_CHOICE; }}
多選題MultipleChoiceQuestion:
@Data@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)public class MultipleChoiceQuestion extends ChoiceQuestion { public MultipleChoiceQuestion() { this.type = MULTIPLE_CHOICE; } @Override public void setAnswer(String answer) { this.answer = sortString(answer); } @Override public boolean isCorrect(String answer) { return this.answer.equals(sortString(answer)); } private String sortString(String str) { char[] chars = str.toCharArray(); Arrays.sort(chars); return String.valueOf(chars); }}
測(cè)試
接下來(lái)測(cè)試一下
定義一個(gè)接口,我們可以使用@RequestBody傳入一個(gè)Exam對(duì)象,返回解析結(jié)果:
@RequestMapping(value = "/exam", method = RequestMethod.POST)public List<String> parseExam(@RequestBody Exam exam) { List<String> results = new ArrayList<>(); results.add(String.format("Parsed an exam, name = %s", exam.getName())); results.add(String.format("Exam has %s questions", exam.getQuestions().size())) List<String> types = new ArrayList<>(); for (Question question : exam.getQuestions()) { types.add(question.getType()); } results.add(String.format("Questions types: %s", types.toString())); return results;}
項(xiàng)目跑起來(lái),調(diào)用接口測(cè)試一下:
curl -X POST \ http://127.0.0.1:8080/exam/ \ -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \ -d '{ "name":"一場(chǎng)考試", "questions": [ { "type": "single_choice", "content": "單選題", "options": [ { "code":"A", "content": "選項(xiàng)A" },{ "code":"B", "content": "選項(xiàng)B" }], "answer": "A" },{ "type": "multiple_choice", "content": "多選題", "options": [ { "code":"A", "content": "選項(xiàng)A" },{ "code":"B", "content": "選項(xiàng)B" }], "answer": "AB" },{ "type": "true_or_false", "content": "判斷題", "answer": "True" }]}'
接口返回如下:
[ "Parsed an exam, name = 一場(chǎng)考試", "Exam has 3 questions", "Questions types: [single_choice, multiple_choice, true_or_false]"]
這里不同類型的question,type字段都能正確讀取,表明反序列化過程中確實(shí)是調(diào)用了具體子類對(duì)應(yīng)的類來(lái)進(jìn)行實(shí)例化的。
以上就是SpringBoot中怎么反序列化子類,小編相信有部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)可能是我們?nèi)粘9ぷ鲿?huì)見到或用到的。希望你能通過這篇文章學(xué)到更多知識(shí)。更多詳情敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道。
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