MongoDB用戶及權(quán)限管理之角色說明的示例分析

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mongodb安裝完后默認(rèn)是不開啟auth模塊的，普通用戶和超級(jí)管理員均不通過認(rèn)證就可操作。當(dāng)然裸奔有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，安全起見還是開啟auth模塊。

首先需要了解下面幾點(diǎn)：

1、mongodb是沒有默認(rèn)管理員賬號(hào)，所以要先添加管理員賬號(hào)，然后開啟權(quán)限認(rèn)證。

2、切換到admin數(shù)據(jù)庫，添加的賬號(hào)才是管理員賬號(hào)。

3、用戶只能在用戶所在數(shù)據(jù)庫登錄，包括管理員賬號(hào)。

4、管理員可以管理所有數(shù)據(jù)庫，但是不能直接管理其他數(shù)據(jù)庫，要先在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫認(rèn)證后才可以。這一點(diǎn)比較怪。

1.用戶權(quán)限角色說明

1.1  Database User Roles

• read

允許用戶讀取指定數(shù)據(jù)庫

Provides the ability to read data on allnon-system collections and on the following system collections: system.indexes,system.js, and system.namespaces collections.

擁有如下權(quán)限：

• readWrite

允許用戶讀寫指定數(shù)據(jù)庫

Provides all the privileges of the readrole and the ability to modify data on all non-system collections and thesystem.js collection.

除了具有read權(quán)限，還擁有以下權(quán)限：

1.2 Database Administration Roles

• dbAdmin

允許用戶在指定數(shù)據(jù)庫中執(zhí)行管理函數(shù)，如索引創(chuàng)建、刪除，查看統(tǒng)計(jì)或訪問system.profile

Provides the ability to performadministrative tasks such as schema-related tasks, indexing, gatheringstatistics. This role does not grant privileges for user and role management.

擁有如下權(quán)限：

• dbOwner

Provides the ability to perform anyadministrative action on the database. This role combines the privilegesgranted by the readWrite, dbAdmin and userAdmin roles.

• userAdmin

允許用戶向system.users集合寫入，可以找指定數(shù)據(jù)庫里創(chuàng)建、刪除和管理用戶

Provides the ability to create and modifyroles and users on the current database. Since the userAdmin role allows usersto grant any privilege to any user, including themselves, the role alsoindirectly provides superuser access to either the database or, if scoped tothe admin database, the cluster.

1.3 Cluster Administration Roles

• clusterAdmin

只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫中可用，賦予用戶所有分片和復(fù)制集相關(guān)函數(shù)的管理權(quán)限。

Provides the greatest cluster-managementaccess. This role combines the privileges granted by the clusterManager,clusterMonitor, and hostManager roles. Additionally, the role provides thedropDatabase action.

擁有如下權(quán)限：

• clusterManager

Provides management and monitoring actionson the cluster. A user with this role can access the config and localdatabases, which are used in sharding and replication, respectively.

• clusterMonitor

Provides read-only access to monitoringtools, such as the MongoDB Cloud Manager and Ops Manager monitoring agent.

• hostManager

Provides the ability to monitor and manageservers.

1.4 Backup and Restoration Roles

• backup

Provides privileges needed to back up data.This role provides sufficient privileges to use the MongoDB Cloud Managerbackup agent, Ops Manager backup agent, or to use mongodump.

• restore

Provides privileges needed to restore datawith mongorestore without the --oplogReplay option or without system.profilecollection data.

1.5 All-Database Roles

• readAnyDatabase

只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數(shù)據(jù)庫的讀權(quán)限

Provides the same read-only permissions asread, except it applies to all but the local and config databases in thecluster. The role also provides the listDatabases action on the cluster as awhole.

• readWriteAnyDatabase

只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數(shù)據(jù)庫的讀寫權(quán)限

Provides the same read and writepermissions as readWrite, except it applies to all but the local and configdatabases in the cluster. The role also provides the listDatabases action onthe cluster as a whole.

• userAdminAnyDatabase

只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數(shù)據(jù)庫的userAdmin權(quán)限

Provides the same access to useradministration operations as userAdmin, except it applies to all but the localand config databases in the cluster.

Since the userAdminAnyDatabase role allowsusers to grant any privilege to any user, including themselves, the role alsoindirectly provides superuser access.

• dbAdminAnyDatabase

只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數(shù)據(jù)庫的dbAdmin權(quán)限。

Provides the same access to databaseadministration operations as dbAdmin, except it applies to all but the localand config databases in the cluster. The role also provides the listDatabasesaction on the cluster as a whole.

1.6 Superuser Roles

• root

只在admin數(shù)據(jù)庫中可用。超級(jí)賬號(hào)，超級(jí)權(quán)限

Provides access to the operations and allthe resources of the readWriteAnyDatabase, dbAdminAnyDatabase,userAdminAnyDatabase, clusterAdmin, restore, and backup combined.

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