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什么是MyBatis
MyBatis是支持定制化SQL、存儲(chǔ)過程以及高級(jí)映射的優(yōu)秀的持久層框架。MyBatis 避免了幾乎所有的 JDBC 代碼和手工設(shè)置參數(shù)以及抽取結(jié)果集。MyBatis 使用簡(jiǎn)單的 XML 或注解來配置和映射基本體，將接口和 Java 的 POJOs(Plain Old Java Objects,普通的 Java對(duì)象)映射成數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的記錄。
雖然在使用MyBatis時(shí)一般都會(huì)使用XML文件，但是本文為了分析程序的簡(jiǎn)單性，簡(jiǎn)單的測(cè)試程序?qū)⒉话琗ML配置，該測(cè)試程序包含一個(gè)接口、一個(gè)啟動(dòng)類：
public interface UserMapper {
@Select("SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = #{id}") User selectUser(int id);
}public class Test2 { public static void main(String[] args) {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = initSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); try {
User user = (User) session.selectOne( "org.mybatis.example.UserMapper.selectUser", 1);
System.out.println(user.getUserAddress());
System.out.println(user.getUserName());
} finally {
session.close();
}
} private static SqlSessionFactory initSqlSessionFactory() {
DataSource dataSource = new PooledDataSource("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver", "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/jdbc", "root", "");
TransactionFactory transactionFactory = new JdbcTransactionFactory();
Environment environment = new Environment("development",
transactionFactory, dataSource);
Configuration configuration = new Configuration(environment);
configuration.addMapper(UserMapper.class);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder()
.build(configuration); return sqlSessionFactory;
}
}UserMapper是一個(gè)接口，我們?cè)跇?gòu)建sqlSessionFactory時(shí)通過configuration.addMapper(UserMapper.class)把該接口注冊(cè)進(jìn)了sqlSessionFactory中。從上面的代碼中我們可以看出，要使用MyBatis，我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)過以下步驟：1、創(chuàng)建sqlSessionFactory（一次性操作）；2、用sqlSessionFactory對(duì)象構(gòu)造sqlSession對(duì)象；3、調(diào)用sqlSession的相應(yīng)方法；4、關(guān)閉sqlSession對(duì)象。
在main方法中，我們沒有配置sql，也沒有根據(jù)查詢結(jié)果拼接對(duì)象，只需在調(diào)用sqlSession方法時(shí)傳入一個(gè)命名空間以及方法參數(shù)參數(shù)即可，所有的操作都是面向?qū)ο蟮?。在UserMapper接口中，我們定制了自己的sql，MyBatis把書寫sql的權(quán)利給予了我們，方便我們進(jìn)行sql優(yōu)化及sql排錯(cuò)。
直接使用JDBC是很痛苦的，JDBC連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包含以下幾個(gè)基本步驟：1、注冊(cè)驅(qū)動(dòng) ；2、建立連接(Connection)；3、創(chuàng)建SQL語(yǔ)句(Statement)；4、執(zhí)行語(yǔ)句；5、處理執(zhí)行結(jié)果(ResultSet)；6、釋放資源，示例代碼如下：
test() SQLException{
.forName();
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(, , );
Statement st = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery();
(rs.()) {
User user = User(rs.getObject(), rs.getObject());
}
rs.close();
st.close();
conn.close();
}可以看到與直接使用JDBC相比，MyBatis為我們簡(jiǎn)化了很多工作：
1、把創(chuàng)建連接相關(guān)工作抽象成一個(gè)sqlSessionFactory對(duì)象，一次創(chuàng)建多次使用；
2、把sql語(yǔ)句從業(yè)務(wù)層剝離，代碼邏輯更加清晰，增加可維護(hù)性；
3、自動(dòng)完成結(jié)果集處理，不需要我們編寫重復(fù)代碼。
但是，我們應(yīng)該知道的是，框架雖然能夠幫助我們簡(jiǎn)化工作，但是框架底層的代碼肯定還是最基礎(chǔ)的JDBC代碼，因?yàn)檫@是Java平臺(tái)連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的通用方法，今天我將分析一下MyBatis源碼，看看MyBatis是如何把這些基礎(chǔ)代碼封裝成一個(gè)框架的。
我們最終調(diào)用的是sqlSession對(duì)象上的方法，所以我們先跟蹤sqlSession的創(chuàng)建方法：sqlSessionFactory.openSession()，最終這個(gè)方法會(huì)調(diào)用到DefaultSqlSessionFactory的以下方法：
private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
Transaction tx = null; try { final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment(); final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit); final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType); return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit);
} catch (Exception e) {
closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session. Cause: " + e, e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
}最終返回的對(duì)象是一個(gè)DefaultSqlSession對(duì)象，在調(diào)試模式下， 我們看到autoCommit為false，executor為CachingExecutor類型，在CachingExecutor里面有屬性delegate，其類型為simpleExecutor：
現(xiàn)在，我們跟進(jìn)DefaultSqlSession的selectOne()方法，查看該方法的調(diào)用流程，selectOne()方法又會(huì)調(diào)用selectList()方法：
public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) { try {
MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement); List<E> result = executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER); return result;
} catch (Exception e) { throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database. Cause: " + e, e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
}可以看到要得到查詢結(jié)果，最終還是要調(diào)用executor上的query方法，這里的executor是CachingExecutor實(shí)例，跟進(jìn)程序得到如下代碼：
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameterObject);
CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, boundSql); return query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
} public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
throws SQLException {
Cache cache = ms.getCache(); if (cache != null) {
flushCacheIfRequired(ms); if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
ensureNoOutParams(ms, parameterObject, boundSql);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key); if (list == null) { list = delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578. Query must be not synchronized to prevent deadlocks
} return list;
}
} return delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}MyBatis框架首先生成了一個(gè)boundSql和CacheKey，在boundSql中包含有我們傳入的sql語(yǔ)句：
生成boundSql和CacheKey后會(huì)調(diào)用一個(gè)重載函數(shù)，在重載函數(shù)中，我們會(huì)檢測(cè)是否有緩存，這個(gè)緩存是MyBatis的二級(jí)緩存，我們沒有配置，那么直接調(diào)用最后一句delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql)，前面說過這個(gè)delagate其實(shí)就是simpleExecutor，跟進(jìn)去查看一下：
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId()); if (closed) throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed."); if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
clearLocalCache();
} List<E> list; try {
queryStack++; list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null; if (list != null) {
handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
} else { list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
} finally {
queryStack--;
} if (queryStack == 0) { for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {
deferredLoad.load();
}
deferredLoads.clear(); // issue #601
if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {
clearLocalCache(); // issue #482
}
} return list;
}關(guān)鍵代碼是以下三行：
list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null; if (list != null) {
handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
} else { list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}首先嘗試從localCache中根據(jù)key得到List，這里的localCache是MyBatis的一級(jí)緩存，如果得不到則調(diào)用queryFromDatabase()從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中查詢：
private <E> List<E> queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { List<E> list;
localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER); try { list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
} finally {
localCache.removeObject(key);
}
localCache.putObject(key, list); if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) {
localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter);
} return list;
}其中關(guān)鍵代碼是調(diào)用doQuery()代碼，SimpleExecutor的doQuery()方法如下：
public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null; try {
Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog()); return handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler);
} finally {
closeStatement(stmt);
}
}調(diào)用了prepareStatement方法，該方法如下：
private Statement prepareStatement(StatementHandler handler, Log statementLog) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt;
Connection connection = getConnection(statementLog);
stmt = handler.prepare(connection);
handler.parameterize(stmt); return stmt;
}終于，我們看到熟悉的代碼了，首先得到Connection，然后從Connection中得到Statement，同時(shí)在調(diào)試模式下我們看到，我們的sql語(yǔ)句已經(jīng)被設(shè)置到stmt中了：
現(xiàn)在Statement對(duì)象有了，sql也設(shè)置進(jìn)去了，就只差執(zhí)行以及對(duì)象映射了，繼續(xù)跟進(jìn)代碼，我們會(huì)跟蹤到org.apache.ibatis.executor.statement.
PreparedStatementHandler類的executor方法：
public <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;
ps.execute(); return resultSetHandler.<E> handleResultSets(ps);
}在這里，調(diào)用了ps.execute()方法執(zhí)行sql，接下來調(diào)用的resultSetHandler.<E> handleResultSets(ps)方法明顯是對(duì)結(jié)果集進(jìn)行封裝，我就不繼續(xù)跟進(jìn)了。
上面一部分介紹了MyBatis執(zhí)行的整體流程，這一部分打算討論一個(gè)具體話題：MyBatis的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池。
我們知道，每次連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)都創(chuàng)建Connection是十分耗費(fèi)性能的，所以我們?cè)趯慗DBC代碼時(shí)，一般都會(huì)使用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池，把用過的Connection不是直接關(guān)閉，而是放入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池中，方便下次復(fù)用，開源的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池有DBCP、C3P0等，MyBatis也實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池，在這一節(jié)我將探索一下MyBatis實(shí)現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池源碼。
跟進(jìn)上一節(jié)的getConnection()方法，我們最終會(huì)進(jìn)入JdbcTransaction的getConnection()方法，getConnection()方法又會(huì)調(diào)用openConnection()方法，而openConnection()又將調(diào)用dataSource的getConnection()方法：
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { if (connection == null) {
openConnection();
} return connection;
}protected void openConnection() throws SQLException { if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");
}
connection = dataSource.getConnection(); if (level != null) {
connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());
}
setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);
}這里的dataSource是PooledDataSource類型，跟進(jìn)查看源碼如下：
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException { return popConnection(dataSource.getUsername(), dataSource.getPassword()).getProxyConnection();
} private PooledConnection popConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException { //暫不分析
}可以看到，在這里我們返回的對(duì)象其實(shí)已經(jīng)不是原生的Connection對(duì)象了，而是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)代理對(duì)象，是PooledConnection的一個(gè)屬性，所有對(duì)對(duì)Connection對(duì)象的操作都將被PooledConnection攔截，我們可以查看PooledConnection的定義如下：
class PooledConnection implements InvocationHandler { private static final String CLOSE = "close"; private static final Class<?>[] IFACES = new Class<?>[] { Connection.class }; private int hashCode = 0; private PooledDataSource dataSource; private Connection realConnection; private Connection proxyConnection; private long checkoutTimestamp; private long createdTimestamp; private long lastUsedTimestamp; private int connectionTypeCode; private boolean valid; public PooledConnection(Connection connection, PooledDataSource dataSource) { this.hashCode = connection.hashCode(); this.realConnection = connection; this.dataSource = dataSource; this.createdTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); this.lastUsedTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); this.valid = true; this.proxyConnection = (Connection) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
Connection.class.getClassLoader(), IFACES, this);
} public void invalidate() {
valid = false;
} public boolean isValid() { return valid && realConnection != null
&& dataSource.pingConnection(this);
} public Connection getRealConnection() { return realConnection;
} public Connection getProxyConnection() { return proxyConnection;
} public int getRealHashCode() { if (realConnection == null) { return 0;
} else { return realConnection.hashCode();
}
} public int getConnectionTypeCode() { return connectionTypeCode;
} public void setConnectionTypeCode(int connectionTypeCode) { this.connectionTypeCode = connectionTypeCode;
} public long getCreatedTimestamp() { return createdTimestamp;
} public void setCreatedTimestamp(long createdTimestamp) { this.createdTimestamp = createdTimestamp;
} public long getLastUsedTimestamp() { return lastUsedTimestamp;
} public void setLastUsedTimestamp(long lastUsedTimestamp) { this.lastUsedTimestamp = lastUsedTimestamp;
} public long getTimeElapsedSinceLastUse() { return System.currentTimeMillis() - lastUsedTimestamp;
} public long getAge() { return System.currentTimeMillis() - createdTimestamp;
} public long getCheckoutTimestamp() { return checkoutTimestamp;
} public void setCheckoutTimestamp(long timestamp) { this.checkoutTimestamp = timestamp;
} public long getCheckoutTime() { return System.currentTimeMillis() - checkoutTimestamp;
} public int hashCode() { return hashCode;
} public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof PooledConnection) { return realConnection.hashCode() == (((PooledConnection) obj).realConnection
.hashCode());
} else if (obj instanceof Connection) { return hashCode == obj.hashCode();
} else { return false;
}
} public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
String methodName = method.getName(); if (CLOSE.hashCode() == methodName.hashCode()
&& CLOSE.equals(methodName)) {
dataSource.pushConnection(this); return null;
} else { try { if (!Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
checkConnection();
} return method.invoke(realConnection, args);
} catch (Throwable t) { throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
}
}
} private void checkConnection() throws SQLException { if (!valid) { throw new SQLException( "Error accessing PooledConnection. Connection is invalid.");
}
}
}可以看到這個(gè)類暴露了很多接口檢測(cè)Connection狀態(tài)，例如連接是否有效，連接創(chuàng)建時(shí)間最近使用連接等：
這個(gè)類實(shí)現(xiàn)了InvocationHandler接口，最主要的一個(gè)方法如下：
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { String methodName = method.getName(); if (CLOSE.hashCode() == methodName.hashCode() && CLOSE.equals(methodName)) {
dataSource.pushConnection(this); return null;
} else { try { if (!Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
checkConnection();
} return method.invoke(realConnection, args);
} catch (Throwable t) { throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
}
}
}可以看到，PooledConnection會(huì)攔截close方法，當(dāng)客戶端調(diào)用close()方法時(shí)，程序不會(huì)關(guān)閉Connection，而是會(huì)調(diào)用dataSource.pushConnection(this)方法，該方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)如下：
protected void pushConnection(PooledConnection conn) throws SQLException {
synchronized (state) {
state.activeConnections.remove(conn); if (conn.isValid()) { if (state.idleConnections.size() < poolMaximumIdleConnections && conn.getConnectionTypeCode() == expectedConnectionTypeCode) {
state.accumulatedCheckoutTime += conn.getCheckoutTime(); if (!conn.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit()) {
conn.getRealConnection().rollback();
}
PooledConnection newConn = new PooledConnection(conn.getRealConnection(), this);
state.idleConnections.add(newConn);
newConn.setCreatedTimestamp(conn.getCreatedTimestamp());
newConn.setLastUsedTimestamp(conn.getLastUsedTimestamp());
conn.invalidate(); if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("Returned connection " + newConn.getRealHashCode() + " to pool.");
}
state.notifyAll();
} else {
state.accumulatedCheckoutTime += conn.getCheckoutTime(); if (!conn.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit()) {
conn.getRealConnection().rollback();
}
conn.getRealConnection().close(); if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("Closed connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + ".");
}
conn.invalidate();
}
} else { if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("A bad connection (" + conn.getRealHashCode() + ") attempted to return to the pool, discarding connection.");
}
state.badConnectionCount++;
}
}
}可以看到，首先會(huì)把Connection從活躍列表中刪除，然后檢測(cè)空閑列表的長(zhǎng)度有沒有達(dá)到最大長(zhǎng)度（默認(rèn)為5），若沒有達(dá)到，把Connection放入空閑鏈表，否則關(guān)閉連接。這里的state是一個(gè)PoolState對(duì)象，該對(duì)象定義如下：
public class PoolState { protected PooledDataSource dataSource; protected final List<PooledConnection> idleConnections = new ArrayList<PooledConnection>(); protected final List<PooledConnection> activeConnections = new ArrayList<PooledConnection>(); protected long requestCount = 0; protected long accumulatedRequestTime = 0; protected long accumulatedCheckoutTime = 0; protected long claimedOverdueConnectionCount = 0; protected long accumulatedCheckoutTimeOfOverdueConnections = 0; protected long accumulatedWaitTime = 0; protected long hadToWaitCount = 0; protected long badConnectionCount = 0; public PoolState(PooledDataSource dataSource) { this.dataSource = dataSource;
} public synchronized long getRequestCount() { return requestCount;
} public synchronized long getAverageRequestTime() { return requestCount == 0 ? 0 : accumulatedRequestTime / requestCount;
} public synchronized long getAverageWaitTime() { return hadToWaitCount == 0 ? 0 : accumulatedWaitTime / hadToWaitCount;
} public synchronized long getHadToWaitCount() { return hadToWaitCount;
} public synchronized long getBadConnectionCount() { return badConnectionCount;
} public synchronized long getClaimedOverdueConnectionCount() { return claimedOverdueConnectionCount;
} public synchronized long getAverageOverdueCheckoutTime() { return claimedOverdueConnectionCount == 0 ? 0 : accumulatedCheckoutTimeOfOverdueConnections / claimedOverdueConnectionCount;
} public synchronized long getAverageCheckoutTime() { return requestCount == 0 ? 0 : accumulatedCheckoutTime / requestCount;
} public synchronized int getIdleConnectionCount() { return idleConnections.size();
} public synchronized int getActiveConnectionCount() { return activeConnections.size();
}
}可以看到最終我們的Connection對(duì)象是放在ArrayList中的，該類還提供一些接口返回連接池基本信息。
好了，現(xiàn)在我們可以回去看看PooledDataSource的popConnection方法了：
private PooledConnection popConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
boolean countedWait = false;
PooledConnection conn = null; long t = System.currentTimeMillis(); int localBadConnectionCount = 0; while (conn == null) {
synchronized (state) { if (state.idleConnections.size() > 0) { // Pool has available connection
conn = state.idleConnections.remove(0); if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("Checked out connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + " from pool.");
}
} else { // Pool does not have available connection
if (state.activeConnections.size() < poolMaximumActiveConnections) { // Can create new connection
conn = new PooledConnection(dataSource.getConnection(), this);
@SuppressWarnings("unused") //used in logging, if enabled
Connection realConn = conn.getRealConnection(); if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("Created connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + ".");
}
} else { // Cannot create new connection
PooledConnection oldestActiveConnection = state.activeConnections.get(0); long longestCheckoutTime = oldestActiveConnection.getCheckoutTime(); if (longestCheckoutTime > poolMaximumCheckoutTime) { // Can claim overdue connection
state.claimedOverdueConnectionCount++;
state.accumulatedCheckoutTimeOfOverdueConnections += longestCheckoutTime;
state.accumulatedCheckoutTime += longestCheckoutTime;
state.activeConnections.remove(oldestActiveConnection); if (!oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit()) {
oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection().rollback();
}
conn = new PooledConnection(oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection(), this);
oldestActiveConnection.invalidate(); if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("Claimed overdue connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + ".");
}
} else { // Must wait
try { if (!countedWait) {
state.hadToWaitCount++;
countedWait = true;
} if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("Waiting as long as " + poolTimeToWait + " milliseconds for connection.");
} long wt = System.currentTimeMillis();
state.wait(poolTimeToWait);
state.accumulatedWaitTime += System.currentTimeMillis() - wt;
} catch (InterruptedException e) { break;
}
}
}
} if (conn != null) { if (conn.isValid()) { if (!conn.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit()) {
conn.getRealConnection().rollback();
}
conn.setConnectionTypeCode(assembleConnectionTypeCode(dataSource.getUrl(), username, password));
conn.setCheckoutTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
conn.setLastUsedTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
state.activeConnections.add(conn);
state.requestCount++;
state.accumulatedRequestTime += System.currentTimeMillis() - t;
} else { if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("A bad connection (" + conn.getRealHashCode() + ") was returned from the pool, getting another connection.");
}
state.badConnectionCount++;
localBadConnectionCount++;
conn = null; if (localBadConnectionCount > (poolMaximumIdleConnections + 3)) { if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("PooledDataSource: Could not get a good connection to the database.");
} throw new SQLException("PooledDataSource: Could not get a good connection to the database.");
}
}
}
}
} if (conn == null) { if (log.isDebugEnabled()) { log.debug("PooledDataSource: Unknown severe error condition. The connection pool returned a null connection.");
} throw new SQLException("PooledDataSource: Unknown severe error condition. The connection pool returned a null connection.");
} return conn;
}可以看到獲取Connection一共分以下幾種情況：1、如果有空閑Connection，那么直接使用空閑Connection，否則2；2、如果活躍Connection沒有達(dá)到活躍Connection的上限，那么創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新Connection并返回，否則3；3、如果達(dá)到活躍上限，且被檢出的Connection檢出時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)，那么把該Connection置為失效，新創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Connection，否則4；4、等待空閑Connection。
至此，我們就把MyBatis的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接池代碼整理了一遍，其中有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：1、檢出的Connection其實(shí)不是原生Connection，而是一個(gè)代理對(duì)象；2、存放Connection的容器是ArrayList，Connection的檢出遵從先進(jìn)先出原則。
這篇博客講的很好，可以mark一下：×××/technology
首先回顧一下JDBC的事務(wù)知識(shí)。
JDBC可以操作Connection的setAutoCommit()方法，給它false參數(shù)，提示數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)啟動(dòng)事務(wù)，在下達(dá)一連串的SQL命令后，自行調(diào)用Connection的commit()方法，提示數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)確認(rèn)(Commit)操作。如果中間發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，則調(diào)用rollback()，提示數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)撤銷(ROLLBACK)所有執(zhí)行。同時(shí)，如果僅想要撤回某個(gè)SQL執(zhí)行點(diǎn)，則可以設(shè)置存儲(chǔ)點(diǎn)(SAVEPOINT)。一個(gè)示范的事務(wù)流程如下：
Connection conn = ...;Savepoint point = null;try {
conn.setAutoCommit(false); Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO ...");
...
point = conn.setSavepoint();
stmt.executeUpdate("INSERT INTO ...");
...
conn.commit();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); if (conn != null) { try { if (point == null) {
conn.rollback();
} else {
conn.rollback(point);
conn.releaseSavepoint(point);
}
} catch (SQLException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
} finally {
... if (conn != null) { try {
conn.setAutoCommit(true);
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}在MyBatis調(diào)用流程一節(jié)就寫過，在調(diào)試模式下， 我們看到autoCommit為false， 所以每個(gè)sqlSession其實(shí)都是一個(gè)事務(wù)，這也是為什么每次做刪、改、查時(shí)都必須調(diào)用commit的原因.
源碼來源：×××/technology
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