MySQL數據庫的字符集講義

本文主要給大家介紹MySQL數據庫的字符集講義，希望可以給大家補充和更新些知識，如有其它問題需要了解的可以持續(xù)在億速云行業(yè)資訊里面關注我的更新文章的。

一、查看 MySQL 數據庫云服務器和數據庫字符集

mysql> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
| Variable_name            | Value                               |......
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------
| character_set_client     | utf8                                |......   -- 客戶端字符集
| character_set_connection | utf8                                |......
| character_set_database   | utf8                                |......   -- 數據庫字符集
| character_set_filesystem | binary                              |......
| character_set_results    | utf8                                |......
| character_set_server     | utf8                                |......   -- 服務器字符集
| character_set_system     | utf8                                |......
| character_sets_dir       | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |......
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------

二、查看 MySQL 數據表（table） 的字符集

mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| Name      | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation       |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| countries | InnoDB |      10 | Compact    |   11 | utf8_general_ci |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------

三、查看 MySQL 數據列（column）的字符集

mysql> show full columns from countries;
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| Field                | Type        | Collation       | .......
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------
| countries_id         | int(11)     | NULL            | .......
| countries_name       | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......
| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2)     | utf8_general_ci | .......
| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3)     | utf8_general_ci | .......
| address_format_id    | int(11)     | NULL            | .......
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------

四、查看當前安裝的 MySQL 所支持的字符集

mysql> show charset;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| ascii    | US ASCII                    | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |
| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese             | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese          | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew           | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |
| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                 | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |
| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean               | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian            | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |
| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese   | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek            | greek_general_ci    |      1 |
| cp1250   | Windows Central European    | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |
| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese      | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish          | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian          | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |
| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode               | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |
| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode               | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| cp866    | DOS Russian                 | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci |      1 |
| macce    | Mac Central European        | macce_general_ci    |      1 |
| macroman | Mac West European           | macroman_general_ci |      1 |
| cp852    | DOS Central European        | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic          | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic            | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1256   | Windows Arabic              | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |
| cp1257   | Windows Baltic              | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |
| binary   | Binary pseudo charset       | binary              |      1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian            | geostd8_general_ci |      1 |
| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese   | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese   | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，適用于 Windows & Linux

Liunx下修改MySQL字符集：

1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置

find / -iname '*.cnf' -print

/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷貝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf

    my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf，其中的一個到/etc下命名為my.cnf

    cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf
在[client]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
在[mysqld]下添加
default-character-set=utf8

4.重新啟動MySQL

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL                                         [ 確定 ]
Starting MySQL.                                                  [ 確定 ]

[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

其他的一些設置方法：

修改數據庫的字符集

mysql>use mydb
mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;
創(chuàng)建數據庫指定數據庫的字符集

mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通過配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

為
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通過MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看 數據庫表中字段的字符集是否為utf8的 如果不是 還要設置字段為utf8格式的！

看了以上關于MySQL數據庫的字符集講義，希望能給大家在實際運用中帶來一定的幫助。本文由于篇幅有限，難免會有不足和需要補充的地方，如有需要更加專業(yè)的解答，可在官網聯(lián)系我們的24小時售前售后，隨時幫您解答問題的。