mysql主從同步分庫(kù)分表同步

一、mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的安裝

分別在master 和slave上源碼安裝mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

1.1 安裝相關(guān)包
1.1.1 cmake軟件
cd /home/oldboy/tools/
tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
cd cmake-2.8.8
./configure
#CMake has bootstrapped.  Now run gmake.
gmake
gmake install
cd ../

1.1.2 依賴(lài)包
yum install ncurses-devel -y

1.2 開(kāi)始安裝mysql
1.2.1 創(chuàng)建用戶(hù)和組
groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql

1.2.2 解壓編譯MySQL
tar zxf mysql-5.5.32.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.32
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql/mysql-5.5.40 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql/mysql-5.5.40/data \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql/mysql-5.5.40/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \
-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0

#-- Build files have been written to: /home/oldboy/tools/mysql-5.5.32
提示，編譯時(shí)可配置的選項(xiàng)很多，具體可參考結(jié)尾附錄或官方文檔：
make
#[100%] Built target my_safe_process
make install
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql
如果上述操作未出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，則MySQL5.5.32軟件cmake方式的安裝就算成功了。

1.3安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)成功后

1.3.1 修改mysql安裝目錄的權(quán)限，全部修改為mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /application/mysql

1.3.2 初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

cd /application/mysql/scripts

[root@localhost scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql

1.3.3 替換/etc/下的配置文件和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的啟動(dòng)文件

/application/mysql/support-files

cp -r my-small.cnf  /etc/my.cnf

cp -r mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysql

1.4啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

/etc/init.d/mysql  start

/etc/init.d/mysql  stop

/etc/init.d/mysql  restart

二、mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)分庫(kù)分表的同步

2.1master配置文件

log-bin=mysql-bin

binlog_format=row

server-id       = 15

binlog-do-db=sales

/etc/init.d/mysql  restart（重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)）

2.2slave配置文件

server-id       = 25

relay-log=relay-bin
read-only = 1
replicate-do-db = sales

replicate-do-db =user_info

replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = user_info

replicate-do-table =sales.story    // 所要同步的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的單個(gè)表

/etc/init.d/mysql  restart（重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)）

2.3在master上創(chuàng)建同步的用戶(hù)
 grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to rep@'172.27.1.%' identified by 'password';

mysql> show master status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000003
         Position: 150
     Binlog_Do_DB: sales,user_info
 Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

2.4在slave上執(zhí)行如下語(yǔ)句，同步到master

change master to master_host='172.27.1.12'(主庫(kù)IP地址),master_user='rep',master_password='financial',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=150;

start slave(啟動(dòng)從庫(kù))

stop slave(停止從庫(kù))

reset slave（重置從庫(kù)）

啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)后查看slave的狀態(tài)如下：

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.27.1.12
                  Master_User: rep
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 150
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 269
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.001603
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: sales
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: information_schema,mysql,user_info
           Replicate_Do_Table: sales.story
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 150
              Relay_Log_Space: 419
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 15
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

上述表示數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)master and slave 已配置好，可以進(jìn)行同庫(kù)單個(gè)表的配置

測(cè)試：

1.分別在master和slave創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)sales（row模式下需要手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)）。

2.use sales庫(kù)下，在master上創(chuàng)建表

CREATE TABLE user_info (
    PersonID int,
    LastName varchar(255),
    FirstName varchar(255),
    Address varchar(255),
    City varchar(255) 
);

3.在master上創(chuàng)建表

CREATE TABLE story (
    PersonID int,
    LastName varchar(255),
    FirstName varchar(255),
    Address varchar(255),
    City varchar(255) 
);

查看slave同步狀態(tài)：

a. story表同步成功

b. user_info表同步不成功

則mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)單庫(kù)，單表同步成功。

如果只是單庫(kù)同步，則在slave的配置文件中去掉：

replicate-do-table =sales.story    // 所要同步的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的單個(gè)表

在安裝過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)從低版本往高版本同步?jīng)]有問(wèn)題，從高版本往低版本同步一直出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。

三、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)5.7二進(jìn)制版本

下載鏈接：
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
直接解壓使用，授權(quán)，初始化命令變?yōu)椋?br /> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql-5.7.18 --datadir=/application/mysql-5.7.18/data

注意：初始化會(huì)生成登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的初始密碼，要記得保存。