您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!
PHP中信號量如何使用,相信很多沒有經(jīng)驗的人對此束手無策,為此本文總結(jié)了問題出現(xiàn)的原因和解決方法,通過這篇文章希望你能解決這個問題。
一些理論基礎(chǔ):
信號量:又稱為信號燈、旗語 用來解決進(jìn)程(線程同步的問題),類似于一把鎖,訪問前獲取鎖(獲取不到則等待),訪問后釋放鎖。
臨界資源:每次僅允許一個進(jìn)程訪問的資源。
臨界區(qū):每個進(jìn)程中訪問臨界資源的那段代碼叫臨界區(qū)
進(jìn)程互斥:兩個或以上的進(jìn)程不能同時進(jìn)入關(guān)于同一組共享變量的臨界區(qū)域,即一個進(jìn)程正在訪問臨界資源,另一個進(jìn)程要想訪問必須等待。
進(jìn)程同步主要研究如何確定數(shù)個進(jìn)程之間的執(zhí)行順序和避免數(shù)據(jù)競爭的問題 即,如何讓多個進(jìn)程能一塊很好的協(xié)作運行
舉例子:(來自百度百科)
以一個停車場的運作為例。簡單起見,假設(shè)停車場只有三個車位,一開始三個車位都是空的。這時如果同時來了五輛車,看門人允許其中三輛直接進(jìn)入,然后放下車攔,剩下的車則必須在入口等待,此后來的車也都不得不在入口處等待。這時,有一輛車離開停車場,看門人得知后,打開車攔,放入外面的一輛進(jìn)去,如果又離開兩輛,則又可以放入兩輛,如此往復(fù)。
在這個停車場系統(tǒng)中,車位是公共資源,每輛車好比一個線程,看門人起的就是信號量的作用。
$key=ftok(__FILE__,'t'); /** * 獲取一個信號量資源 int $key [, int $max_acquire = 1 [, int $perm = 0666 [, int $auto_release = 1 ]]] $max_acquire:最多可以多少個進(jìn)程同時獲取信號 $perm:權(quán)限 默認(rèn) 0666 $auto_release:是否自動釋放信號量 */ $sem_id=sem_get($key); #獲取信號 sem_acquire($seg_id); //do something 這里是一個原子性操作 //釋放信號量 sem_release($seg_id); //把次信號從系統(tǒng)中移除 sem_remove($sem_id); //可能出現(xiàn)的問題 $fp = sem_get(fileinode(__DIR__), 100); sem_acquire($fp); $fp2 = sem_get(fileinode(__DIR__), 1)); sem_acquire($fp2);
Implementation of a read-write semaphore in PHP:
class rw_semaphore { const READ_ACCESS = 0; const WRITE_ACCESS = 1; /** * @access private * @var resource - mutex semaphore */ private $mutex; /** * @access private * @var resource - read/write semaphore */ private $resource; /** * @access private * @var int */ private $writers = 0; /** * @access private * @var int */ private $readers = 0; /** * Default constructor * * Initialize the read/write semaphore */ public function __construct() { $mutex_key = ftok('/home/cyrus/development/php/sysvipc/rw_semaphore.php', 'm'); $resource_key = ftok('/home/cyrus/development/php/sysvipc/rw_semaphore.php', 'r'); $this->mutex = sem_get($mutex_key, 1); $this->resource = sem_get($resource_key, 1); } /** * Destructor * * Remove the read/write semaphore */ public function __destruct() { sem_remove($this->mutex); sem_remove($this->resource); } /** * Request acess to the resource * * @param int $mode * @return void */ private function request_access($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) { if ($access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) { sem_acquire($this->mutex); /* update the writers counter */ $this->writers++; sem_release($this->mutex); sem_acquire($this->resource); } else { sem_acquire($this->mutex); if ($this->writers > 0 || $this->readers == 0) { sem_release($this->mutex); sem_acquire($this->resource); sem_acquire($this->mutex); } /* update the readers counter */ $this->readers++; sem_release($this->mutex); } } private function request_release($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) { if ($access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) { sem_acquire($this->mutex); /* update the writers counter */ $this->writers--; sem_release($this->mutex); sem_release($this->resource); } else { sem_acquire($this->mutex); /* update the readers counter */ $this->readers--; if ($this->readers == 0) sem_release($this->resource); sem_release($this->mutex); } } /** * Request read access to the resource * * @return void */ public function read_access() { $this->request_access(self::READ_ACCESS); } /** * Release read access to the resource * * @return void */ public function read_release() { $this->request_release(self::READ_ACCESS); } /** * Request write access to the resource * * @return void */ public function write_access() { $this->request_access(self::WRITE_ACCESS); } /** * Release write access to the resource * * @return void */ public function write_release() { $this->request_release(self::WRITE_ACCESS); } }
共享內(nèi)存+信號 實現(xiàn)原子性操作
$SHM_KEY = ftok("/home/joeldg/homeymail/shmtest.php", 'R'); $shmid = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT); $data = shm_attach($shmid, 1024); // we now have our shm segment // lets place a variable in there shm_put_var ($data, $inmem, "test"); // now lets get it back. we could be in a forked process and still have // access to this variable. printf("shared contents: %s\n", shm_get_var($data, $inmem)); shm_detach($data);
看完上述內(nèi)容,你們掌握PHP中信號量如何使用的方法了嗎?如果還想學(xué)到更多技能或想了解更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容,歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!
免責(zé)聲明:本站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創(chuàng)、轉(zhuǎn)載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網(wǎng)站立場,如果涉及侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進(jìn)行舉報,并提供相關(guān)證據(jù),一經(jīng)查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。