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1. 背景
* 在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境下，安全總是無法忽視的問題，數(shù)據(jù)庫安全則是重中之重，因為所有的數(shù)據(jù)都存放在數(shù)據(jù)庫中
* 當(dāng)使用非加密方式連接MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫時，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中傳輸?shù)乃行畔⒍际敲魑牡模梢员痪W(wǎng)絡(luò)中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在傳送敏感信息（如密碼）時，可以采用SSL連接的方式。
* 版本小于5.7.6時按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL配置的方式進行。
2. MySQL 連接方式
* socket連接
* TCP非SSL連接
* SSL安全連接
* SSL + 密碼連接 [version > MySQL 5.7.5]
* SSL + 密碼 + 密鑰連接
3. SSL 簡介
* SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一種為了在計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行安全通信的加密協(xié)議。假設(shè)用戶的傳輸不是通過SSL的方式，那么其在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中以明文的方式進行傳輸，而這給別有用心的人帶來了可乘之機。所以，現(xiàn)在很多網(wǎng)站其實默認(rèn)已經(jīng)開啟了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘寶等。
4. 環(huán)境 [ 關(guān)閉SeLinux ]
* system 環(huán)境
[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.9 (Final) [root@MySQL ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64 [root@MySQL ~]# getenforce Disabled
* MySQL 環(huán)境 [ MySQL 5.7安裝前面篇章已做詳細(xì)介紹 ]
have_openssl 與 have_ssl 值都為DISABLED表示ssl未開啟
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -p'123' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.7.18 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%'; +---------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------+ | have_openssl | DISABLED | | have_ssl | DISABLED | +---------------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> show variables like 'port'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | port | 3306 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> show variables like 'datadir'; +---------------+-------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------------------+ | datadir | /data/mysql_data/ | +---------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)
5. SSL配置
* 利用自帶工具生成SSL相關(guān)文件
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql_data Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ..........................................................................+++ .....+++ writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .......................................................................................................................................................................+++ ...+++ writing new private key to 'server-key.pem' ----- Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .....................+++ ...........................................+++ writing new private key to 'client-key.pem' -----
* 查看生成的SSL文件
[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem -rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem -rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 修改數(shù)據(jù)目錄下生成的SSL文件所屬用戶與權(quán)限
[root@MySQL ~]# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/*.pem changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem' to mysql:mysql changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem' to mysql:mysql changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem' to mysql:mysql changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem' to mysql:mysql changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/private_key.pem' to mysql:mysql changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/public_key.pem' to mysql:mysql changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem' to mysql:mysql changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem' to mysql:mysql
* 查看生成的SSL文件
[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 重啟 MySQL 服務(wù)
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
* 連接MySQL 查看SSL開啟狀態(tài)
have_openssl 與 have_ssl 值都為YES表示ssl開啟成功
mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | +---------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.03 sec)
6. SSL + 密碼連接測試
* 創(chuàng)建用戶并指定 SSL 連接 [ MySQL 5.7后推薦使用create user 方式創(chuàng)建用戶 ]
mysql> create user 'ssl_test'@'%' identified by '123' require SSL; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通過密碼連接測試 [ 默認(rèn)采用SSL連接，需要指定不使用SSL連接 ]
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123' --ssl=0 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'ssl_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通過 SSL + 密碼 連接測試
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通過SSL連接
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123' --ssl mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. WARNING: --ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use --ssl-mode instead. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 12 Current database: Current user: ssl_test@192.168.60.129 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: latin1 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 7 min 34 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 29 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 112 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 105 Queries per second avg: 0.063 --------------
7. SSL + 密碼 + 密鑰連接
* 創(chuàng)建用戶并指定 X509 [ SSL+密鑰 ] 連接 [ MySQL 5.7后推薦使用create user 方式創(chuàng)建用戶 ]
mysql> create user 'X509_test'@'%' identified by '123' require X509; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通過密碼連接測試
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl=0 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通過 SSL +密碼 連接測試
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通過 SSL + 密碼＋密鑰連接測試
SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通過SSL連接
[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 21 Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 21 Current database: Current user: X509_test@192.168.60.129 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: latin1 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 18 min 27 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 40 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 118 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 111 Queries per second avg: 0.036 --------------
8. 總結(jié)
以需求驅(qū)動技術(shù)，技術(shù)本身沒有優(yōu)略之分，只有業(yè)務(wù)之分。
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