mysql-5.7.18自定義安裝路徑講義

本文主要給大家介紹mysql-5.7.18自定義安裝路徑講義，其所涉及的東西，從理論知識來獲悉，有很多書籍、文獻可供大家參考，從現(xiàn)實意義角度出發(fā)，億速云累計多年的實踐經(jīng)驗可分享給大家。

1.前期準備

mysql依賴

libaio

yum install -y libaio

創(chuàng)建用戶mysql，以該用戶的身份執(zhí)行mysql

useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql

下載mysql二進制包并解壓

cd /tools

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

tar -zxf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/

切換到/application目錄，將mysql文件夾名改短,給mysql目錄做一個軟鏈接

cd /application/

mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/ mysql-5.7.18

ln -s mysql-5.7.18/ mysql

在mysql目錄下創(chuàng)建mysql-files，該文件夾權限為750，遞歸設置mysql目錄的所屬組和所屬用戶

mkdir mysql/mysql-files

chmod 750 mysql/mysql-files

chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.7.18/

2.mysql目錄內操作

cd mysql

初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫

會在mysql目錄內生成一個data目錄，存放數(shù)據(jù)庫的目錄

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data

返回結果最后一行的末尾有隨機密碼，我的記下來：wa0I:1w?V--a

2017-04-28T02:49:00.853710Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wa0I:1w?V--a

想設置默認密碼為空則將--initialize選項替換為--initialize-insecure選項

bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data

安裝ssl

bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir /application/mysql/data/

指定data目錄的路徑

更改所屬用戶和組

chown -R root .

chown -R mysql data mysql-files

除了mysql目錄下的data目錄和mysql-files目錄所屬用戶不變，其他所有文件的所屬用戶改為root

修改配置文件

sed -i 's/^datadir=\/var\/lib\/mysql/datadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's/^socket=\/var\/lib\/mysql\/mysql.sock/socket=\/tmp\/mysql.sock/g' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's/^log-error=\/var\/log\/mariadb\/mariadb.log/log-error=\/application\/mysql\/data\/err.log/g' /etc/my.cnf

sed -i 's/^pid-file=\/var\/run\/mariadb\/mariadb.pid/pid-file=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysql.pid/g' /etc/my.cnf

等價于:

vi /etc/my.cnf

datadir=/application/mysql/data

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

log-error=/application/mysql/data/err.log

pid-file=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid

/etc/my.cnf Content:

[mysqld]

datadir=/application/mysql/data

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.

# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,

# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the

# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/application/mysql/data/err.log

pid-file=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid

#

# include all files from the config directory

#

!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

拷貝啟動程序

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

將mysql的啟動程序拷貝到/etc/init.d/目錄下，以便啟動程序

編輯啟動文件，配置啟動目錄

方法一：

思路是給配置文件提供的變量進行賦值。較麻煩。

sed -i 's/^basedir=/basedir=\/application\/mysql/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

sed -i 's/^datadir=/datadir=\/application\/mysql\/data/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

sed -i 's/^mysqld_pid_file_path=/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/application\/mysql\/data\/mysql.pid/g' /etc/init.d/mysql

等價于將45、46兩行

basedir=

datadir=

mysqld_pid_file_path=

替換成

basedir=/application/mysql

datadir=/application/mysql/data

mysqld_pid_file_path=/application/mysql/data/mysql.pid

方法二（推薦）：

思路是將腳本的默認地址（/usr/local/mysql）直接替換成自定義路徑（/application/mysql），便不用給變量賦值

sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysql

到這里mysql安裝完成可以正常啟動 

3.后期結尾

命令創(chuàng)建軟鏈接

將mysql命令創(chuàng)建軟鏈接到環(huán)境變量的目錄，使用戶可以在變量找到相應的命令

ln -s /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin

登錄mysql

[root@www mysql]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password: #輸入之前保存的隨機密碼drRR0<ZuDgX_

...

mysql>  #成功登陸到mysql控制臺

修改密碼sql語句

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'NewPassWord'; 

#將密碼修改為NewPassWord

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)  #修改成功

鍵入quit或Ctrl + d退出

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@www mysql]#

or

mysql> ^DBye

[root@www mysql]#

4.常用命令

進入mysql

mysql -u root -p

啟動mysql

service mysql start

停止mysql

service mysql stop

重啟mysql

service mysql restart

 看了以上mysql-5.7.18自定義安裝路徑講義介紹，希望能給大家在實際運用中帶來一定的幫助。本文由于篇幅有限，難免會有不足和需要補充的地方，大家可以繼續(xù)關注億速云行業(yè)資訊板塊，會定期給大家更新行業(yè)新聞和知識，如有需要更加專業(yè)的解答，可在官網(wǎng)聯(lián)系我們的24小時售前售后，隨時幫您解答問題的。