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mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫增量恢復(fù)多實例實戰(zhàn)演示

發(fā)布時間:2020-06-28 01:28:38 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 閱讀:468 作者:xuqizhang 欄目:MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql主從復(fù)制原理要點

       1、異步方式同步

         2、邏輯同步模式,多種模式,默認是通過sql語句執(zhí)行

         3、主庫通過記錄binlog實現(xiàn)對從庫的同步,binlog記錄數(shù)據(jù)庫的更新語句

         4、主庫1IO線程,從庫由1IO線程和一個sql線程來完成的

         5、從庫關(guān)鍵文件master.inforelay-log,relay-info功能

         6、如果從庫還想級聯(lián)從庫,需要打開bin-loglog-slave-updates參數(shù)

 

mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫增量恢復(fù)多實例實戰(zhàn)演示

[root@opm02-test ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy-S /data/3306/mysql.sock

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 8

Server version: 5.5.32-log Sourcedistribution

 

mysql> show variableslike '%character_set%';               ##查看mysql字符集

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name            | Value                                     |

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client     | utf8                                      |

| character_set_connection | utf8                                      |

| character_set_database   | latin1                                    |

| character_set_filesystem | binary                                    |

| character_set_results    | utf8                                      |

| character_set_server     | latin1                                    |

| character_set_system     | utf8                                      |

| character_sets_dir       | /application/mysql-5.5.32/share/charsets/|

+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.02 sec)

 

mysql> create database oldboy;                                                    ##創(chuàng)建一個oldboy

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> use oldboy;

Database changed

mysql> create table test( id int(4) not null auto_increment, name char(20) notnull, primary key (id));                                                                                                 ##創(chuàng)建一個test

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

 

mysql> show create table test;                                                      ##查看建表語句    

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                        |

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| test | CREATE TABLE `test` (

 `id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

 `name` char(20) NOT NULL,

 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> insert into test(id,name)values(1,'oldboy');                 ##test表中插入數(shù)據(jù)

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

 

mysql> select * from test;

+----+--------+

| id | name   |

+----+--------+

|  1| oldboy |

+----+--------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> insert into test(id,name)values(2,'oldboy11');            ##test表中插入數(shù)據(jù)oldboy11

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> insert into test(id,name)values(3,'oldboy12');            ##test表中插入數(shù)據(jù)oldboy12,以此類推

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select * from test;                                                       ##查看表中數(shù)據(jù)

+----+----------+

| id | name     |

+----+----------+

|  1| oldboy   |

|  2| oldboy11 |

|  3| oldboy12 |

|  4| oldboy13 |

|  5| oldboy14 |

|  6| oldboy15 |

+----+----------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@opm02-test ~]# date -s '2016-06-28'                          ##在凌晨12點做備份

2016 06 28 星期二 00:00:00 CST

[root@opm02-test ~]# mysqldump -uroot -poldboy -S /data/3306/mysql.sock-F -B oldboy  >/opt/quanbei.sql          ##做一次全量備份

[root@opm02-test ~]# ll /opt/

總用量 524

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2087 6  28 00:02 quanbei.sql

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 528847 5  26 01:40 rep.sql

[root@opm02-test ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy-S /data/3306/mysql.sock

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 10

Server version: 5.5.32-log Sourcedistribution

 

mysql> use oldboy

Database changed

mysql> desc test;

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| id   | int(4)   | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |

| name | char(20) | NO   |     | NULL   |                |

+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

 

mysql> insert into test(name)values('oldboy101');                           ##插入2條語句用來做增量

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

 

mysql> insert into test(name)values('oldboy102');                           ##插入語句用來做增量

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> select * from test;

+----+-----------+

| id | name      |

+----+-----------+

|  1| oldboy    |

|  2| oldboy11  |

|  3| oldboy12  |

|  4| oldboy13  |

|  5| oldboy14  |

|  6| oldboy15  |

|  7| oldboy101 |

|  8| oldboy102 |

+----+-----------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> show databases;                                                                           ##刪除之前查看oldboy

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| oldboy             |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> drop database oldboy;                                                                 ##刪除oldboy             

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

 

mysql> show databases;                                                                           #刪除之后查看oldboy,沒有了

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> quit;

Bye

[root@opm02-test ~]# ll /opt/                                                              ##查看備份數(shù)據(jù)目錄

總用量 524

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2087 6  28 00:02 quanbei.sql

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 528847 5  26 01:40 rep.sql

[root@opm02-test ~]# cd /data/3306/                                                 ##查看數(shù)據(jù)庫的binlog日志

[root@opm02-test 3306]# ll

總用量 32

drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 6  28 00:07 data

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1899 5  26 00:35 my.cnf

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1307 5  26 00:41 mysql

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 2290 6  28 00:02 mysql-bin.000001

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  656 6  28 00:07 mysql-bin.000002           ##binlog位置點

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql   56 6  28 00:02 mysql-bin.index

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    6 5  26 00:57 mysqld.pid

-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root  2669 5  26 01:39 mysql_oldboy3306.err

srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql    0 5  26 00:57 mysql.sock

 

[root@opm02-test 3306]# mysqladmin -uroot -poldboy -S/data/3306/mysql.sock flush-logs                ##不確定binlog位置點的情況下,用mysqladmin刷新binlog日志,新生成binlog之前就是恢復(fù)binlog位置點,也根據(jù)時間點確定是不是凌晨12操作的

[root@opm02-test 3306]# ll

總用量 36

drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 6  28 00:07 data

-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1899 5  26 00:35 my.cnf

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1307 5  26 00:41 mysql

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 2290 6  28 00:02 mysql-bin.000001

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  699 6  28 00:17 mysql-bin.000002

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  107 6  28 00:17 mysql-bin.000003                 ##新生成的binlog

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql   84 6  28 00:17 mysql-bin.index

-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    6 5  26 00:57 mysqld.pid

-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root  2669 5  26 01:39 mysql_oldboy3306.err

srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql    0 5  26 00:57 mysql.sock

[root@opm02-test 3306]# cp mysql-bin.000002/opt/

[root@opm02-test 3306]# ll /opt/

總用量 528

-rw-r-----. 1 root root    699 6  28 00:18 mysql-bin.000002

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   2087 6  28 00:02 quanbei.sql

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 528847 5  26 01:40 rep.sql

[root@opm02-test 3306]# mysqlbinlog  -d oldboy /opt/mysql-bin.000002##查看binlog日志內(nèi)容

/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;

/*!40019 SET@@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;

/*!50003 SET@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;

DELIMITER /*!*/;

 

[root@opm02-test3306]# cd /opt/

[root@opm02-testopt]# mysqlbinlog  -d oldboy mysql-bin.000002>bin.sql                ##binlog放到bin.sql

[root@opm02-testopt]# vi bin.sql                                                                                   ##vi編輯進去刪除drop數(shù)據(jù)的那條語句,保存退出

 

[root@opm02-test opt]# mysql -uroot-poldboy -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 13

Server version: 5.5.32-log Sourcedistribution

 

mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';

+---------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

| log_bin       | ON    |

+---------------+-------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> quit

Bye

[root@opm02-test opt]# mysql -uroot-poldboy -S /data/3306/mysql.sock <quanbei.sql                   ##主庫恢復(fù)全備

[root@opm02-test opt]# mysql -uroot-poldboy -S /data/3306/mysql.sock oldboy <bin.sql                   ##再恢復(fù)binlog

[root@opm02-test opt]# mysql -uroot -poldboy-S /data/3306/mysql.sock

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 17

Server version: 5.5.32-log Sourcedistribution

 

mysql> select * from oldboy test;                                        ##進入數(shù)據(jù)庫查看,此時數(shù)據(jù)已恢復(fù)

ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected

mysql> select * from oldboy.test;

+----+-----------+

| id | name      |

+----+-----------+

|  1| oldboy    |

|  2| oldboy11  |

|  3| oldboy12  |

|  4| oldboy13  |

|  5| oldboy14  |

|  6| oldboy15  |

|  7| oldboy101 |

|  8| oldboy102 |

+----+-----------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql>

 

增量恢復(fù)小結(jié):

         1、人為sql造成的誤操作

         2、要有全備和增量

         3、恢復(fù)時建議對外停止更新

         4、恢復(fù)全量,然后把增量日志中有問題的sql語句刪除,恢復(fù)到數(shù)據(jù)庫

        

總結(jié)數(shù)據(jù)庫增量恢復(fù):

         1、停止一個從庫,主庫刷新binlog,把mysql-bin-000002恢復(fù)成bin.sql       (vi bin.sql)

         去掉刪除的語句,/drop搜索刪除的語句,在vi里干掉

         2、把全備quanbei.sql10點前的增量bin.sql恢復(fù)到從庫

         3、數(shù)據(jù)丟多少? 10:10分刷新binlog以后的數(shù)據(jù)mysql-bin.000003

         4、停止主庫,快速把mysql-bin.000003解析為sql,恢復(fù)到從庫。

         5、切換到從庫提供服務(wù)

 

增量恢復(fù)的核心思想:

         1、流程制度控制,防止問題發(fā)生,如果不做,面臨服務(wù)和數(shù)據(jù)丟失問題

         2、通過延遲備份來解決,或者監(jiān)控、黑名單、白名單機制

         3、業(yè)務(wù)需求容忍度,選擇停庫或鎖表或容忍丟失部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)


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