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這篇文章主要介紹“講解PHP設(shè)計(jì)模式入門之狀態(tài)模式原理與實(shí)現(xiàn)方法”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在講解PHP設(shè)計(jì)模式入門之狀態(tài)模式原理與實(shí)現(xiàn)方法問題上存在疑惑,小編查閱了各式資料,整理出簡單好用的操作方法,希望對大家解答”講解PHP設(shè)計(jì)模式入門之狀態(tài)模式原理與實(shí)現(xiàn)方法”的疑惑有所幫助!接下來,請跟著小編一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧!
想必大家都用過自動售賣的自動飲料機(jī)吧,塞入硬幣或紙幣,選擇想要的飲料,飲料就會在機(jī)器的下方滾出。大家有沒有相關(guān)如果用程序去寫一個飲料機(jī)要怎么樣實(shí)現(xiàn)呢?
首先我們可以分享一下這部飲料機(jī)有幾種狀態(tài)
一、沒有錢的狀態(tài)
二、有錢的狀態(tài)
三、售出的狀態(tài)
四、銷售一空的狀態(tài)
好吧,知道了這些狀態(tài)之后我們開始寫代碼了!
JuiceMachine.php
<?php /** * 飲料機(jī) * @author ben * */ class JuiceMachine{ /** * 糖果機(jī)一共存在四種狀態(tài):沒錢,有錢,成功售出以及銷售一空 * * 沒錢的狀態(tài) * @var INT */ const NOMONEY = 0; /** * 有錢的狀態(tài) * @var INT */ const HASMONEY = 1; /** * 成功售出的狀態(tài) * @var INT */ const SOLD = 2; /** * 銷售一空的狀態(tài) * @var INT */ const SOLDOUT = 3; /** * 記錄糖果機(jī)當(dāng)前的狀態(tài),初始化狀態(tài)為售空 * @var INT */ private $_state = JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT; /** * 該變量用于記錄飲料機(jī)中飲料的數(shù)量 */ private $_count; /** * 構(gòu)造方法,最主要是用來初始化count和state屬性的 */ public function __construct($count){ $this->_count = $count; //當(dāng)飲料機(jī)中的飲料數(shù)量大于零時,將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢的狀態(tài)。 if($this->_count > 0){ $this->_state = JuiceMachine::NOMONEY; } } /** * 投入硬幣 */ public function insertCoin(){ if($this->_state == JuiceMachine::HASMONEY ){ echo "you can't insert another coin!<br />"; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::NOMONEY){ echo "you just insert a coin<br />"; $this->_state = JuiceMachine::HASMONEY; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLD){ echo "wait a minute, we are giving you a bottle of juice<br />"; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT){ echo "you can't insert coin, the machine is already soldout<br />"; } } /** * 退回硬幣 */ public function retreatCoin(){ if($this->_state == JuiceMachine::HASMONEY ){ echo "coin return!<br />"; $this->_state = JuiceMachine::NOMONEY; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::NOMONEY){ echo "you have'nt inserted a coin yet<br />"; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLD){ echo "sorry, you already clicked the botton<br />"; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT){ echo "you have'nt inserted a coin yet<br />"; } } /** * 點(diǎn)擊飲料對應(yīng)的按鈕 */ public function clickButton(){ if($this->_state == JuiceMachine::HASMONEY ){ echo "you clicked, we are giving you a bottle of juice...<br />"; $this->_state = JuiceMachine::SOLD; //改變飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)為售出模式 $this->dispend(); }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::NOMONEY){ echo "you clicked,but you hav'nt inserted a coin yet<br />"; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLD){ echo "click twice does'nt get you two bottle of juice<br />"; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT){ echo "you clicked, but the machine is already soldout<br />"; } } /** * 發(fā)放飲料 */ public function dispend(){ if($this->_state == JuiceMachine::HASMONEY ){ echo "please click the button first<br />"; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::NOMONEY){ echo "you need to pay first<br />"; }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLD){ echo "now you get you juice<br />"; //飲料機(jī)中的飲料數(shù)量減一 $this->_count--; if($this->_count <= 0){ echo "opps, runing out of juice<br />"; //如果這時飲料機(jī)中沒有飲料了,將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為銷售一空 $this->_state = JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT; }else{ //將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢 $this->_state = JuiceMachine::NOMONEY; } }elseif($this->_state == JuiceMachine::SOLDOUT){ //其實(shí)這種情況不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn) echo "opps, it appears that we don't have any juice left<br />"; } } }
index.php
<?php require_once 'JuiceMachine.php'; $juiceMachine = new JuiceMachine(1); $juiceMachine->insertCoin(); $juiceMachine->clickButton();
運(yùn)行的結(jié)果是:
you just insert a coin
you clicked, we are giving you a bottle of juice...
now you get you juice
opps, runing out of juice
到目前為止我們的程序運(yùn)行良好,沒有出現(xiàn)什么問題,但是從這些多重的if判斷中你是否嗅到了壞代碼的味道呢?有一天問題終于出現(xiàn)了,老板希望當(dāng)用戶點(diǎn)擊按鈕時有10%的概率拿到兩瓶飲料,我們需要為飲料機(jī)多加一個狀態(tài),這時去修改代碼就成為了一種災(zāi)難,而且很可能會影響到之前的代碼,帶來新的bug,看看狀態(tài)模式如何幫助我們度過難關(guān)吧!
狀態(tài)模式的官方定義是:狀態(tài)模式允許對象在內(nèi)部狀態(tài)改變是改變它的行為,對象看起來好像是修改了它的類
用uml類圖表示如下:
在我們這個項(xiàng)目中的實(shí)際類圖如下:
具體實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼:
State.php
<?php interface State{ /** * 插入硬幣 */ public function insertCoin(); /** * 回退硬幣 */ public function retreatCoin(); /** * 點(diǎn)擊按鈕 */ public function clickButton(); /** * 發(fā)放飲料 */ public function dispend(); }
NomoneyState.php
<?php require_once 'State.php'; class NomoneyState implements State{ /** * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例 * * @var object */ private $_juiceMachine; /** * 構(gòu)造方法,主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例 * */ public function __construct($juiceMachine){ $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::insertCoin() */ public function insertCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you just insert a coin<br />"; //將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)切換成有錢的狀態(tài) $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getHasmoneyState()); } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::retreatCoin() */ public function retreatCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you have'nt inserted a coin yet<br />"; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::clickButton() */ public function clickButton() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you clicked,but you hav'nt inserted a coin yet<br />"; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::dispend() */ public function dispend() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you need to pay first<br />"; } }
HasmoneyState.php
<?php require_once 'State.php'; class HasmoneyState implements State { /** * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例 * * @var object */ private $_juiceMachine; /** * 構(gòu)造方法,主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例 */ public function __construct($juiceMachine) { $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine; } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::insertCoin() */ public function insertCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you can't insert another coin!<br />"; } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::retreatCoin() */ public function retreatCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "coin return!<br />"; $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getNomoneyState()); } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::clickButton() */ public function clickButton() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you clicked, we are giving you a bottle of juice...<br />"; // 改變飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)為售出模式 $rand = mt_rand(0, 0); // 當(dāng)隨機(jī)數(shù)為0(即1/10的概率)并且飲料機(jī)中還有1瓶以上的飲料時 if ($rand == 0 && $this->_juiceMachine->getCount() > 1) { $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getWinnerState()); } else { $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldState()); } } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::dispend() */ public function dispend() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "please click the button first<br />"; } }
SoldoutState.php
<?php require_once 'State.php'; class SoldoutState implements State{ /** * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例 * * @var object */ private $_juiceMachine; /** * 構(gòu)造方法,主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例 * */ public function __construct($juiceMachine){ $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::insertCoin() */ public function insertCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you can't insert coin, the machine is already soldout<br />"; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::retreatCoin() */ public function retreatCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you have'nt inserted a coin yet<br />"; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::clickButton() */ public function clickButton() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "you clicked, but the machine is already soldout<br />"; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::dispend() */ public function dispend() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "opps, it appears that we don't have any juice left<br />"; } }
SoldState.php
<?php require_once 'State.php'; class SoldState implements State{ /** * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例 * * @var object */ private $_juiceMachine; /** * 構(gòu)造方法,主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例 * */ public function __construct($juiceMachine){ $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::insertCoin() */ public function insertCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "wait a minute, we are giving you a bottle of juice<br />"; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::retreatCoin() */ public function retreatCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "sorry, you already clicked the botton<br />"; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::clickButton() */ public function clickButton() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "click twice does'nt get you two bottle of juice<br />"; } /* (non-PHPdoc) * @see State::dispend() */ public function dispend() { $this->_juiceMachine->decJuice(); if($this->_juiceMachine->getCount() <= 0){ echo "opps, runing out of juice<br />"; //如果這時飲料機(jī)中沒有飲料了,將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為銷售一空 $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldoutState()); }else{ //將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢 $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getNomoneyState()); } } }
WinnerState.php
<?php require_once 'State.php'; class WinnerState implements State { /** * 飲料機(jī)的實(shí)例 * * @var object */ private $_juiceMachine; /** * 構(gòu)造方法,主要用于初始化飲料機(jī)實(shí)例 */ public function __construct($juiceMachine) { $this->_juiceMachine = $juiceMachine; } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::insertCoin() */ public function insertCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "wait a minute, we are giving you a bottle of juice<br />"; } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::retreatCoin() */ public function retreatCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "sorry, you already clicked the botton<br />"; } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::clickButton() */ public function clickButton() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub echo "click twice does'nt get you two bottle of juice<br />"; } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::dispend() */ public function dispend() { echo "you are a winner! you get two bottle of juice!<br />"; $this->_juiceMachine->decJuice(); if ($this->_juiceMachine->getCount() > 0) { $this->_juiceMachine->decJuice(); if ($this->_juiceMachine->getCount() <= 0) { echo "opps, runing out of juice<br />"; // 如果這時飲料機(jī)中沒有飲料了,將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為銷售一空 $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldoutState()); } else { // 將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢 $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldoutState()); } } else { echo "opps, runing out of juice<br />"; // 如果這時飲料機(jī)中沒有飲料了,將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為銷售一空 $this->_juiceMachine->setState($this->_juiceMachine->getSoldoutState()); } } }
JuiceMachine.php
<?php require_once './state/NomoneyState.php'; require_once './state/HasmoneyState.php'; require_once './state/SoldState.php'; require_once './state/SoldoutState.php'; require_once './state/WinnerState.php'; class JuiceMachine { /** * 記錄糖果機(jī)當(dāng)前的狀態(tài),初始化狀態(tài)為售空 * * @var object */ private $_state; /** * 該變量用于記錄飲料機(jī)中飲料的數(shù)量 */ private $_count; /** * 構(gòu)造方法,最主要是用來初始化count和state屬性的 */ public function __construct($count) { $this->_state = new SoldoutState($this); $this->_count = $count; // 當(dāng)飲料機(jī)中的飲料數(shù)量大于零時,將飲料機(jī)的狀態(tài)重置為沒有錢的狀態(tài)。 if ($this->_count > 0) { $this->_state = new NomoneyState($this); } } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::insertCoin() */ public function insertCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub $this->_state->insertCoin(); } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::retreatCoin() */ public function retreatCoin() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub $this->_state->retreatCoin(); } /* * (non-PHPdoc) @see State::clickButton() */ public function clickButton() { $this->_state->clickButton(); //其實(shí)發(fā)放糖果是在用戶點(diǎn)擊完按鈕后機(jī)器內(nèi)部進(jìn)行的所有沒有必要再寫一個dispend方法 $this->_state->dispend(); } /** * 設(shè)置糖果機(jī)的狀態(tài) * * @param State $state */ public function setState(State $state) { $this->_state = $state; } /** * 獲取沒有錢的狀態(tài) */ public function getNomoneyState(){ return new NomoneyState($this); } /** * 獲取有錢的狀態(tài) */ public function getHasmoneyState(){ return new HasmoneyState($this); } /** * 獲取售出的狀態(tài) */ public function getSoldState(){ return new SoldState($this); } /** * 獲取銷售一空的狀態(tài) */ public function getSoldoutState(){ return new SoldoutState($this); } /** * 獲取幸運(yùn)者的狀態(tài) */ public function getWinnerState(){ return new WinnerState($this); } /** * 獲取飲料機(jī)中飲料的數(shù)量 */ public function getCount(){ return $this->_count; } /** * 將飲料數(shù)量減一 */ public function decJuice(){ echo "now you get you juice<br />"; //飲料機(jī)中的飲料數(shù)量減一 $this->_count--; } }
index.php
<?php require_once 'JuiceMachine.php'; $juiceMachine = new JuiceMachine(2); $juiceMachine->insertCoin(); $juiceMachine->clickButton();
到此,關(guān)于“講解PHP設(shè)計(jì)模式入門之狀態(tài)模式原理與實(shí)現(xiàn)方法”的學(xué)習(xí)就結(jié)束了,希望能夠解決大家的疑惑。理論與實(shí)踐的搭配能更好的幫助大家學(xué)習(xí),快去試試吧!若想繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)更多相關(guān)知識,請繼續(xù)關(guān)注億速云網(wǎng)站,小編會繼續(xù)努力為大家?guī)砀鄬?shí)用的文章!
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