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本篇文章為大家展示了python爬蟲多次請求出現(xiàn)超時(shí)如何解決,內(nèi)容簡明扼要并且容易理解,絕對能使你眼前一亮,通過這篇文章的詳細(xì)介紹希望你能有所收獲。
第一種方法
headers = Dict() url = 'https://www.baidu.com' try: proxies = None response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False, proxies=None, timeout=3) except: # logdebug('requests failed one time') try: proxies = None response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False, proxies=None, timeout=3) except: # logdebug('requests failed two time') print('requests failed two time')
總結(jié) :代碼比較冗余,重試try的次數(shù)越多,代碼行數(shù)越多,但是打印日志比較方便
第二種方法
def requestDemo(url,): headers = Dict() trytimes = 3 # 重試的次數(shù) for i in range(trytimes): try: proxies = None response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False, proxies=None, timeout=3) # 注意此處也可能是302等狀態(tài)碼 if response.status_code == 200: break except: # logdebug(f'requests failed {i}time') print(f'requests failed {i} time')
總結(jié) :遍歷代碼明顯比第一個(gè)簡化了很多,打印日志也方便
第三種方法
def requestDemo(url, times=1): headers = Dict() try: proxies = None response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False, proxies=None, timeout=3) html = response.text() # todo 此處處理代碼正常邏輯 pass return html except: # logdebug(f'requests failed {i}time') trytimes = 3 # 重試的次數(shù) if times < trytimes: times += 1 return requestDemo(url, times) return 'out of maxtimes'
總結(jié) :迭代 顯得比較高大上,中間處理代碼時(shí)有其它錯(cuò)誤照樣可以進(jìn)行重試; 缺點(diǎn) 不太好理解,容易出錯(cuò),另外try包含的內(nèi)容過多時(shí),對代碼運(yùn)行速度不利。
第四種方法
@retry(3) # 重試的次數(shù) 3 def requestDemo(url): headers = Dict() proxies = None response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False, proxies=None, timeout=3) html = response.text() # todo 此處處理代碼正常邏輯 pass return html def retry(times): def wrapper(func): def inner_wrapper(*args, **kwargs): i = 0 while i < times: try: print(i) return func(*args, **kwargs) except: # 此處打印日志 func.__name__ 為say函數(shù) print("logdebug: {}()".format(func.__name__)) i += 1 return inner_wrapper return wrapper
總結(jié) :裝飾器優(yōu)點(diǎn) 多種函數(shù)復(fù)用,使用十分方便
第五種方法
#!/usr/bin/python # -*-coding='utf-8' -*- import requests import time import json from lxml import etree import warnings warnings.filterwarnings("ignore") def get_xiaomi(): try: # for n in range(5): # 重試5次 # print("第"+str(n)+"次") for a in range(5): # 重試5次 print(a) url = "https://www.mi.com/" headers = { "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br", "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8", "Connection": "keep-alive", # "Cookie": "xmuuid=XMGUEST-D80D9CE0-910B-11EA-8EE0-3131E8FF9940; Hm_lvt_c3e3e8b3ea48955284516b186acf0f4e=1588929065; XM_agreement=0; pageid=81190ccc4d52f577; lastsource=www.baidu.com; mstuid=1588929065187_5718; log_code=81190ccc4d52f577-e0f893c4337cbe4d|https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi.com%2F; Hm_lpvt_c3e3e8b3ea48955284516b186acf0f4e=1588929099; mstz=||1156285732.7|||; xm_vistor=1588929065187_5718_1588929065187-1588929100964", "Host": "www.mi.com", "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.90 Safari/537.36" } response = requests.get(url,headers=headers,timeout=10,verify=False) html = etree.HTML(response.text) # print(html) result = etree.tostring(html) # print(result) print(result.decode("utf-8")) title = html.xpath('//head/title/text()')[0] print("title==",title) if "左左" in title: # print(response.status_code) # if response.status_code ==200: break return title except: result = "異常" return result if __name__ == '__main__': print(get_xiaomi())
第六種方法
Python重試模塊retrying
# 設(shè)置最大重試次數(shù) @retry(stop_max_attempt_number=5) def get_proxies(self): r = requests.get('代理地址') print('正在獲取') raise Exception("異常") print('獲取到最新代理 = %s' % r.text) params = dict() if r and r.status_code == 200: proxy = str(r.content, encoding='utf-8') params['http'] = 'http://' + proxy params['https'] = 'https://' + proxy
# 設(shè)置方法的最大延遲時(shí)間,默認(rèn)為100毫秒(是執(zhí)行這個(gè)方法重試的總時(shí)間) @retry(stop_max_attempt_number=5,stop_max_delay=50) # 通過設(shè)置為50,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn),任務(wù)并沒有執(zhí)行5次才結(jié)束! # 添加每次方法執(zhí)行之間的等待時(shí)間 @retry(stop_max_attempt_number=5,wait_fixed=2000) # 隨機(jī)的等待時(shí)間 @retry(stop_max_attempt_number=5,wait_random_min=100,wait_random_max=2000) # 每調(diào)用一次增加固定時(shí)長 @retry(stop_max_attempt_number=5,wait_incrementing_increment=1000) # 根據(jù)異常重試,先看個(gè)簡單的例子 def retry_if_io_error(exception): return isinstance(exception, IOError) @retry(retry_on_exception=retry_if_io_error) def read_a_file(): with open("file", "r") as f: return f.read()
read_a_file函數(shù)如果拋出了異常,會去retry_on_exception指向的函數(shù)去判斷返回的是True還是False,如果是True則運(yùn)行指定的重試次數(shù)后,拋出異常,F(xiàn)alse的話直接拋出異常。
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