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這篇文章將為大家詳細講解有關(guān)SpringBoot定時任務(wù)如何在Java中使用，文章內(nèi)容質(zhì)量較高，因此小編分享給大家做個參考，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后對相關(guān)知識有一定的了解。
一、SpringBoot使用Schedule
核心代碼:
@Component
public class ScheduleTask {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ScheduleTask.class);
@Scheduled(cron = "0/1 * * * * ? ")
public void one() {
logger.info("one:" + new Date());
}
@Scheduled(cron = "0/1 * * * * ? ")
public void two() {
logger.info("two:" + new Date());
}
@Scheduled(cron = "0/1 * * * * ? ")
public void three() {
logger.info("three:" + new Date());
}
}運行效果如下:
除此之外還可以這樣實現(xiàn)，核心代碼:
@PropertySource(value = {
"classpath:task.properties",
}, encoding = "utf-8")
@Component("scheduleTask")
public class ScheduleTask implements SchedulingConfigurer {
@Value("${TEST_JOB_TASK_CRON}")
private String cron;
@Override
public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar scheduledTaskRegistrar) {
scheduledTaskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("執(zhí)行任務(wù):" + DateUtil.date());
}
}, new Trigger() {
@Override
public Date nextExecutionTime(TriggerContext triggerContext) {
return new CronTrigger(cron).nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);
}
});
}
public void setCron(String cron) {
this.cron = cron;
}
}有朋友或許很疑惑，為什么要寫這么一大堆，這個與前面的代碼又有何區(qū)別呢？
區(qū)別是多線程并行。其實多線程并行也可以不用這么寫，只需寫一段核心配置類代碼即可。
定時任務(wù)多線程配置類:
@Configuration
public class ScheduleConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {
public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar scheduledTaskRegistrar) {
scheduledTaskRegistrar.setScheduler(Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5));
}
}再次啟動，查看效果，如下:
由此看出走不同的線程執(zhí)行，不同的線程執(zhí)行的好處是，如果某一個線程掛掉后，并不會阻塞導(dǎo)致其它定時任務(wù)無法執(zhí)行。
另外如果要想并發(fā)執(zhí)行，前面的配置可以不要，直接用SpringBoot提供的現(xiàn)成注解即可，核心代碼如下:
@Component
@EnableAsync
public class ScheduleAsyncTask {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ScheduleAsyncTask.class);
@Scheduled(cron = "0/1 * * * * ? ")
@Async
public void one() {
logger.info("one Async:" + new Date());
}
@Scheduled(cron = "0/1 * * * * ? ")
@Async
public void two() {
logger.info("two Async:" + new Date());
}
@Scheduled(cron = "0/1 * * * * ? ")
@Async
public void three() {
logger.info("three Async:" + new Date());
}
}除此外，還有基于schedule動態(tài)定時任務(wù)(所謂動態(tài)只不過是指cron表達式放在對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)表里)，簡單示例代碼:
@Configuration
public class DynamicScheduleTask implements SchedulingConfigurer {
@Autowired
@SuppressWarnings("all")
CronMapper cronMapper;
@Mapper
public interface CronMapper {
@Select("select cron from cron limit 1")
public String getCron();
}
/**
* 執(zhí)行定時任務(wù).
*/
public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
taskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(
//1.添加任務(wù)內(nèi)容(Runnable)
() -> System.out.println("執(zhí)行動態(tài)定時任務(wù): " + LocalDateTime.now().toLocalTime()),
//2.設(shè)置執(zhí)行周期(Trigger)
triggerContext -> {
//2.1 從數(shù)據(jù)庫獲取執(zhí)行周期
String cron = cronMapper.getCron();
//2.2 合法性校驗.
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(cron)) {
// Omitted Code ..
}
//2.3 返回執(zhí)行周期(Date)
return new CronTrigger(cron).nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);
}
);
}
}核心配置文件(application.yml):
spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test username: root password: 1234
SQL腳本:
DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `test`;
CREATE DATABASE `test`;
USE `test`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `cron`;
CREATE TABLE `cron` (
`cron_id` varchar(30) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
`cron` varchar(30) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO `cron` VALUES ('1', '0/5 * * * * ?');運行效果如下:
<!--引入quartz定時框架--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId> </dependency>
spring: quartz: #相關(guān)屬性配置 properties: org: quartz: scheduler: instanceName: clusteredScheduler instanceId: AUTO jobStore: class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX driverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate tablePrefix: QRTZ_ isClustered: true clusterCheckinInterval: 10000 useProperties: false threadPool: class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool threadCount: 10 threadPriority: 5 threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true #數(shù)據(jù)庫方式 job-store-type: jdbc #初始化表結(jié)構(gòu) jdbc: initialize-schema: always datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test username: root password: 1234
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class BlogQuartzApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(BlogQuartzApplication.class, args);
}
}@Configuration
public class QuartzConfiguration {
// 使用jobDetail包裝job
@Bean
public JobDetail myCronJobDetail() {
return JobBuilder.newJob(CouponTimeOutJob.class).withIdentity("couponTimeOutJob").storeDurably().build();
}
// 把jobDetail注冊到Cron表達式的trigger上去
@Bean
public Trigger CronJobTrigger() {
CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0/1 * * * * ?");
return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.forJob(myCronJobDetail())
.withIdentity("CouponTimeOutJobTrigger")
.withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder)
.build();
}
}public class CouponTimeOutJob extends QuartzJobBean {
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("定時任務(wù)執(zhí)行");
}
}(1)對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫會生成定時任務(wù)相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)表
(2)控制臺不斷輸出定時任務(wù)執(zhí)行日志
之前寫過一樣的例子，如今簡化了下。
關(guān)于xxl-job使用詳情，可以參考我的這篇文章:
SpringBoot整合Xxl-Job
<dependency> <groupId>com.xuxueli</groupId> <artifactId>xxl-job-core</artifactId> <version>2.2.0</version> </dependency>
@Configuration
public class XxlJobConfig {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XxlJobConfig.class);
@Value("${xxl.job.admin.addresses}")
private String adminAddresses;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.appname}")
private String appName;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.ip}")
private String ip;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.port}")
private int port;
@Value("${xxl.job.accessToken}")
private String accessToken;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.logpath}")
private String logPath;
@Value("${xxl.job.executor.logretentiondays}")
private int logRetentionDays;
@Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "destroy")
public XxlJobSpringExecutor xxlJobExecutor() {
logger.info(">>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job config init.");
XxlJobSpringExecutor xxlJobSpringExecutor = new XxlJobSpringExecutor();
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAdminAddresses(adminAddresses);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAppname(appName);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setIp(ip);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setPort(port);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAccessToken(accessToken);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setLogPath(logPath);
xxlJobSpringExecutor.setLogRetentionDays(logRetentionDays);
return xxlJobSpringExecutor;
}
}# web port server.port=8081 # no web #spring.main.web-environment=false ### xxl-job admin address list, such as "http://address" or "http://address01,http://address02" xxl.job.admin.addresses=http://127.0.0.1:8080/xxl-job-admin ### xxl-job, access token xxl.job.accessToken= ### xxl-job executor appname xxl.job.executor.appname=blog-job-xxl-job ### xxl-job executor registry-address: default use address to registry , otherwise use ip:port if address is null xxl.job.executor.address= ### xxl-job executor server-info xxl.job.executor.ip= xxl.job.executor.port=8888 ### xxl-job executor log-path xxl.job.executor.logpath=/data/applogs/xxl-job/jobhandler ### xxl-job executor log-retention-days xxl.job.executor.logretentiondays=30
@Component
public class XxlJobTaskExample {
@XxlJob("blogJobHandler")
public ReturnT<String> blogJobHandler(String param) throws Exception {
System.out.println("執(zhí)行");
XxlJobLogger.log("XXL-JOB, Hello World.");
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
XxlJobLogger.log("beat at:" + i);
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
}
return ReturnT.SUCCESS;
}
}分別如下所示:
<!-- 分布式定時任務(wù)鎖 --> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/net.javacrumbs.shedlock/shedlock-spring --> <dependency> <groupId>net.javacrumbs.shedlock</groupId> <artifactId>shedlock-spring</artifactId> <version>4.0.4</version> </dependency> <!-- 使用redis做分布式任務(wù) --> <dependency> <groupId>net.javacrumbs.shedlock</groupId> <artifactId>shedlock-provider-redis-spring</artifactId> <version>2.5.0</version> </dependency> <!-- redis組件 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency>
@Configuration
@EnableSchedulerLock(defaultLockAtMostFor = "PT30M")
public class ShedLockConfig {
@Bean
public LockProvider lockProvider(RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
return new RedisLockProvider(redisTemplate.getConnectionFactory());
}
}@Component
public class TaskSchedule {
/**
* 每分鐘執(zhí)行一次
* [秒] [分] [小時] [日] [月] [周] [年]
*/
@Scheduled(cron = "1 * * * * ?")
@SchedulerLock(name = "synchronousSchedule")
public void SynchronousSchedule() {
System.out.println("Start run schedule to synchronous data:" + new Date());
}
}@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class ShedLockRedisApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ShedLockRedisApplication.class);
}
}server: tomcat: uri-encoding: UTF-8 max-threads: 1000 min-spare-threads: 30 port: 8083 spring: redis: database: 0 host: localhost port: 6379 password: # 密碼（默認為空） timeout: 6000ms # 連接超時時長（毫秒） jedis: pool: max-active: 1000 # 連接池最大連接數(shù)（使用負值表示沒有限制） max-wait: -1ms # 連接池最大阻塞等待時間（使用負值表示沒有限制） max-idle: 10 # 連接池中的最大空閑連接 min-idle: 5 # 連接池中的最小空閑連接
我之所以用shedlock是因為確保在集群環(huán)境下各微服務(wù)的定時任務(wù)只執(zhí)行一個，而不是全部都運行相同的定時任務(wù)。
本次測試效果如下:
關(guān)于SpringBoot定時任務(wù)如何在Java中使用就分享到這里了，希望以上內(nèi)容可以對大家有一定的幫助，可以學(xué)到更多知識。如果覺得文章不錯，可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。
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