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利用Java編寫一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的圖書館管理系統(tǒng)？很多新手對(duì)此不是很清楚，為了幫助大家解決這個(gè)難題，下面小編將為大家詳細(xì)講解，有這方面需求的人可以來學(xué)習(xí)下，希望你能有所收獲。
以下為小型圖書館管理系統(tǒng)模式圖：
模式總體概述：
其中IBorrower接口確定Borrower類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，Library類為單例設(shè)計(jì)模式，即圖書館只有一個(gè)。Book類為Borrower類的內(nèi)部類，libraryBook類為L(zhǎng)ibrary類的內(nèi)部類。最后利用PlatForm類進(jìn)一步的封裝。對(duì)于類方法中的核心，主要是數(shù)組的“增刪查改”操作，本項(xiàng)目中三次運(yùn)用了這些操作，分別在Borrower、Library、PlatForm類方法中。
IBorrower接口：
// package com.wu.demo;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 10:08:48
* @author 一夜星塵
* @version 1.8.0
*/
// 圖書借閱人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
public interface IBorrower {
public abstract void borrowBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,Library libary);
public abstract void returnBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,Library libary);
}Borrower類：
// package com.wu.demo;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 10:11:00
* @author 一夜星塵
* @version 1.8.0
*/
public class Borrower implements IBorrower{
protected String borrowerName;
protected long borrowerNumber;
private int booksNumber;
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS = 4; //最大借書容量
private Book[] books = new Book[MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS];
public Borrower(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber) {
this.borrowerName = borrowerName;
this.borrowerNumber = borrowerNumber;
this.booksNumber = 0;
}
private class Book{
private String bookName;
private String bookAuthor;
private float bookPrice;
public Book(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice){
Book.this.bookName = bookName;
Book.this.bookAuthor = bookAuthor;
Book.this.bookPrice = bookPrice;
}
public String getName() {
return Book.this.bookName;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return Book.this.bookAuthor;
}
public float getPrice() {
return Book.this.bookPrice;
}
}
@Override
/**
* 借書操作
*/
public void borrowBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,Library library) {
if(booksNumber>=MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS) {
System.out.println("超過最大借書容量");
return;
}
books[booksNumber++] = new Book(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
// 移除圖書館書籍,更新圖書館信息
library.removeBook( bookName,bookAuthor, bookPrice);
}
@Override
/**
* 還書操作
*/
public void returnBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,Library library) {
// 前提是有書的情況下
if(booksNumber<=0) {
return;
}
int index = -1;
for(int i = 0 ; i < books.length ; i++) {
if(books[i].bookName.equals(bookName) && books[i].bookAuthor.equals(bookAuthor)
&& books[i].bookPrice == bookPrice) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
if(index < 0) {
System.out.println("你并沒有該書籍");
return;
}
for(int i = 0; i < booksNumber-1 ; i++) {
if(i>=index) {
books[i] = books[i+1];
}
}
booksNumber --;
// 還入圖書館,更新圖書館信息
library.addBook(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
}
/**
* 借書人信息
*/
public void borrowerInfo() {
int i = 0;
System.out.println("------------------------------借閱人信息------------------------------");
System.out.println("借閱人姓名："+this.borrowerName);
System.out.println("借閱人學(xué)號(hào)："+this.borrowerNumber);
for(;i < booksNumber ; i++) {
System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"本書: ");
System.out.println("書籍名稱："+books[i].getName());
System.out.println("書籍作者："+books[i].getAuthor());
System.out.println("書籍價(jià)格："+books[i].getPrice());
}
System.out.println("當(dāng)前借閱書本數(shù)為: "+booksNumber+" 剩余容量為: "+(MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS-i));
System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
}Library類：
// package com.wu.demo;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 10:32:42
* @author 一夜星塵
* @version 1.8.0
*/
public class Library {
private static final Library library = new Library();
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS = 120; // 圖書館最大書容量
private libraryBook[] books = new libraryBook[MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS];
protected static int booksNumber = 0;
// 無參構(gòu)造函數(shù)私有化
private Library() {};
private class libraryBook{
private String bookName;
private String bookAuthor;
private float bookPrice;
public libraryBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice){
libraryBook.this.bookName = bookName;
libraryBook.this.bookAuthor = bookAuthor;
libraryBook.this.bookPrice = bookPrice;
}
public void setName(String bookName) {
libraryBook.this.bookName = bookName;
}
public void setAuthor(String bookAuthor) {
libraryBook.this.bookAuthor = bookAuthor;
}
public void setPrice(float bookPrice) {
libraryBook.this.bookPrice = bookPrice;
}
}
// 唯一返回的單例
static Library getLibrary() {
return library;
}
/**
* 增添書籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void addBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
if(booksNumber>=MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS) {
System.out.println("超過圖書館書籍最大容量");
return;
}
books[booksNumber++] = new libraryBook(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
}
/**
* 刪除書籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void removeBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
int index = -1;
for(int i = 0 ; i < booksNumber ; i++) {
if(books[i].bookName.equals(bookName) && books[i].bookAuthor.equals(bookAuthor) &&
books[i].bookPrice == bookPrice) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
if(index < 0) {
System.out.println("該圖書未在庫");
return;
}
for(int i = 0;i < booksNumber - 1;i++) {
if(index <= i) {
books[i] = books[i+1];
}
}
booksNumber --;
}
/**
* 查找書籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void checkBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
System.out.println("");
for(int i = 0 ; i<booksNumber ; i++) {
if(books[i].bookName.equals(bookName) && books[i].bookAuthor.equals(bookAuthor) &&
books[i].bookPrice == bookPrice) {
System.out.println("狀態(tài)：書籍在庫");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("狀態(tài)：書籍未在庫");
System.out.println("");
}
/**
* 更改書籍信息
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void changeBook(String bookName, String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,String newBookName,
String newBookAuthor,float newBookPrice) {
for(int i = 0 ;i<booksNumber;i++) {
if(books[i].bookName.equals(bookName) && books[i].bookAuthor.equals(bookAuthor) &&
books[i].bookPrice == bookPrice) {
books[i].setName(newBookName);
books[i].setAuthor(newBookAuthor);
books[i].setPrice(newBookPrice);
break;
}
}
System.out.println("更改書籍完成");
}
/**
* 查看當(dāng)前圖書館書籍信息
*/
public void booksInfo() {
System.out.println("-----------------------------圖書館書籍信息-----------------------------");
for(int i = 0 ; i<booksNumber;i++) {
System.out.println("在庫書籍 "+(i+1)+" : ");
System.out.println("書籍名稱："+books[i].bookName);
System.out.println("書籍作者："+books[i].bookAuthor);
System.out.println("書籍價(jià)格："+books[i].bookPrice);
}
System.out.println("在庫書籍總數(shù)："+booksNumber+" 剩余可借閱書籍總數(shù)："+(MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS-booksNumber));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
}PlatForm類：
// package com.wu.demo;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 14:06:34
* @author 一夜星塵
* @version 1.8.0
*/
// 進(jìn)一步封裝
public class PlatForm {
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_OF_BORROWERS = 30; // 平臺(tái)最多可注冊(cè)30名借閱者
private Borrower[] borrowers = new Borrower[MAX_NUMBER_OF_BORROWERS];
private static int numberBorrowers = 0;
private Library library = Library.getLibrary();
public PlatForm() {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// 初始化Borrower成員
System.out.println("-----------------------------初始化借閱人-----------------------------");
System.out.println("按任意鍵繼續(xù)(按Q或q退出)：");
String exit = input.nextLine();
System.out.println("以下輸入可借閱人員信息");
while(!exit.equalsIgnoreCase("q")) {
System.out.print("姓名 學(xué)號(hào)：");
String tempName = input.next();
long tempNumber = input.nextLong();
this.borrowers[numberBorrowers++] = new Borrower(tempName,tempNumber);
// 回車輸入舍棄
input.nextLine();
System.out.println("按任意鍵繼續(xù)(按Q或q退出)：");
exit = input.nextLine();
if(numberBorrowers >= MAX_NUMBER_OF_BORROWERS){
System.out.println("已達(dá)到最大注冊(cè)量");
break;
}
}
// 初始化圖書館信息
System.out.println("---------------------------初始化圖書館圖書信息------------------------");
System.out.println("按任意鍵繼續(xù)(按Q或q退出)：");
exit = input.nextLine();
System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入原始書籍信息：");
while(!exit.equalsIgnoreCase("q")) {
System.out.print("書籍名稱 作者 價(jià)格：");
String tempName = input.next();
String tempAuthor = input.next();
float tempPrice = input.nextFloat();
library.addBook(tempName,tempAuthor,tempPrice);
// 回車輸入舍棄
input.nextLine();
System.out.println("按任意鍵繼續(xù)(按Q或q退出)：");
exit = input.nextLine();
}
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------");
input.close();
}
/**
* 平臺(tái)管理：增添用戶
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
*/
public void addClient(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber) {
if(numberBorrowers >= MAX_NUMBER_OF_BORROWERS) {
System.out.println("用戶容量已達(dá)最大值");
return;
}
this.borrowers[numberBorrowers++] = new Borrower(borrowerName,borrowerNumber);
System.out.println("增添用戶操作成功");
}
/**
* 平臺(tái)管理：移除用戶
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
*/
public void removeClient(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber) {
int index = -1;
for(int i = 0 ; i<numberBorrowers; i++) {
if(borrowers[i].borrowerName.equals(borrowerName) && borrowers[i].borrowerNumber == borrowerNumber) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
if(index<0) {
System.out.println("未找到用戶");
return;
}
for(int i = 0 ; i < numberBorrowers-1;i++) {
if(index <= i) {
borrowers[i] = borrowers[i+1];
}
}
numberBorrowers--;
System.out.println("移除用戶成功");
}
/**
* 相應(yīng)借閱人的信息
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
*/
public void platformBorrowerInfo(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber) {
for(int i = 0 ; i<numberBorrowers;i++) {
if(borrowers[i].borrowerName.equals(borrowerName) && borrowers[i].borrowerNumber == borrowerNumber) {
borrowers[i].borrowerInfo();
return;
}
}
System.out.println("該用戶不存在");
}
/**
* 相應(yīng)借閱人借閱書籍
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformBorrowBook(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber,String bookName,String bookAuthor,
float bookPrice) {
for(int i = 0 ; i<borrowers.length;i++) {
if(borrowers[i].borrowerName.equals(borrowerName) && borrowers[i].borrowerNumber == borrowerNumber) {
borrowers[i].borrowBook(bookName,bookAuthor, bookPrice, this.library);
break;
}
}
}
/**
* 相應(yīng)借閱人歸還書籍
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformRrturnBook(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber,String bookName,String bookAuthor,
float bookPrice){
for(int i = 0 ; i<borrowers.length;i++) {
if(borrowers[i].borrowerName.equals(borrowerName) && borrowers[i].borrowerNumber == borrowerNumber) {
borrowers[i].returnBook(bookName,bookAuthor, bookPrice, library);
break;
}
}
}
/**
* 輸出圖書館信息
*/
public void platformLibraryInfo() {
library.booksInfo();
}
/**
* 對(duì)圖書館增添書籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformLibraryAddBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
library.addBook(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
}
/**
* 對(duì)圖書館移除書籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformLibraryRemoveBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
library.removeBook(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
}
/**
* 對(duì)圖書館檢索書籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformLibraryCheckBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
library.checkBook(bookName, bookAuthor, bookPrice);
}
/**
* 對(duì)圖書館書籍更改
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
* @param newBookName
* @param newBookAuthor
* @param newBookPrice
*/
public void platformLibraryChangeBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,
String newBookName,String newBookAuthor,float newBookPrice) {
library.changeBook(bookName, bookAuthor, bookPrice,newBookName,newBookAuthor,newBookPrice);
}
}testDemo(測(cè)試)：
// package com.wu.demo;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 10:51:21
* @author 一夜星塵
* @version 1.8.0
*/
public class testDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PlatForm platform = new PlatForm();
// 以下為平臺(tái)管理權(quán)限的測(cè)試
platform.addClient("張三", 100000L);
platform.addClient("李四", 100001L);
platform.addClient("王五", 100002L);
platform.addClient("趙六", 100003L);
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("張三",100000L);
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("李四",100000L); // 此時(shí)應(yīng)該為不存在
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("王五",100002L);
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("趙六",100003L);
platform.removeClient("王五", 100002L);
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("王五",100002L); // 此時(shí)王五不是用戶
//以下為圖書館和借閱人的測(cè)試
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)","匿名1",100.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)","匿名2",90.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("算法","匿名3",110.0F);
platform.platformLibraryInfo(); // 當(dāng)前圖書館里只有3本書
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("java基礎(chǔ)","匿名4",105.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("深度學(xué)習(xí)","匿名5",129.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("Linux基礎(chǔ)","匿名6",104.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("matlab基礎(chǔ)","匿名7",123.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("visual C++基礎(chǔ)","匿名8",95.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("HTML CSS JS","匿名9",99.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("C++基礎(chǔ)","匿名10",119.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("python基礎(chǔ)","匿名11",108.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("數(shù)據(jù)庫基礎(chǔ)","匿名12",120.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("操作系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)","匿名13",106.0F);
platform.platformLibraryInfo(); // 當(dāng)前圖書館里有13本書
platform.platformLibraryRemoveBook("visual C++基礎(chǔ)","匿名8",95.0F);
platform.platformLibraryInfo(); // 當(dāng)前圖書館里有12本書
platform.platformLibraryRemoveBook("Linux基礎(chǔ)" ,"匿名6", 104.0F); // 檢索圖書 Linux基礎(chǔ) 狀態(tài)
platform.platformLibraryChangeBook("python基礎(chǔ)", "匿名11", 108.0F,"keras基礎(chǔ)","匿名11",110.0F); // 變更圖書館書籍名稱 python基礎(chǔ) 為 keras基礎(chǔ)
platform.platformBorrowBook("張三", 100000L, "java基礎(chǔ)", "匿名4", 105.0F); // 用戶 張三 借了書籍 java基礎(chǔ)
platform.platformBorrowBook("張三", 100000L, "算法", "匿名3", 110.0F); // 用戶 張三 又借了書籍 算法
platform.platformBorrowBook("張三", 100000L, "C++基礎(chǔ)", "匿名10", 119.0F); // 用戶 張三 又借了書籍 C++基礎(chǔ)
platform.platformBorrowBook("張三", 100000L, "深度學(xué)習(xí)", "匿名5", 129.0F); // 用戶 張三 又借了書籍 深度學(xué)習(xí)
platform.platformBorrowBook("趙六", 100003L, "網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)", "匿名2", 84.0F); // 用戶 趙六 借了書籍 網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)
platform.platformBorrowBook("李四", 100001L, "HTML CSS JS", "匿名9", 119.0F); // 用戶 李四 借了書籍 HTML CSS JS
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("張三", 100000L); // 查看用戶 張三 借閱情況 當(dāng)前用戶 張三 有四本書
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("趙六", 100003L); // 查看用戶 趙六 借閱情況 當(dāng)前用戶 趙六 有一本書
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("李四", 100001L); // 查看用戶 李四 借閱情況 當(dāng)前用戶 李四 有一本書
platform.platformRrturnBook("張三", 100000L, "算法", "匿名3", 110.0F); // 用戶 張三 還了書籍 算法
platform.platformRrturnBook("張三", 100000L, "深度學(xué)習(xí)", "匿名5", 129.0F); // 用戶 張三 又還了書籍 深度學(xué)習(xí)
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("張三", 100000L); // 查看用戶 張三 借閱情況 當(dāng)前用戶 張三 只有兩本書
platform.platformLibraryRemoveBook("java基礎(chǔ)" ,"匿名4", 105.0F); // 檢索圖書 java基礎(chǔ) 狀態(tài) 當(dāng)前狀態(tài)應(yīng)該為 未在庫
}
}測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示：
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