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Cherrypy在Python Web項(xiàng)目中如何使用

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-11-06 14:53:55 來源：億速云 閱讀：168 作者：Leah 欄目：開發(fā)技術(shù)

Cherrypy在Python Web項(xiàng)目中如何使用？相信很多沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人對(duì)此束手無策，為此本文總結(jié)了問題出現(xiàn)的原因和解決方法，通過這篇文章希望你能解決這個(gè)問題。

1、介紹

搭建Java Web項(xiàng)目，需要Tomcat服務(wù)器才能進(jìn)行。而搭建Python Web項(xiàng)目，因?yàn)閏herrypy自帶服務(wù)器，所以只需要下載該模塊就能進(jìn)行Web項(xiàng)目開發(fā)。

2、最基本用法

實(shí)現(xiàn)功能：訪問html頁面，點(diǎn)擊按鈕后接收后臺(tái)py返回的值

html頁面（test_cherry.html）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>Test Cherry</title>
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>

<body>

  <h2>Test Cherry</h2>
  <p id="p1"></p>
  <button type="button" onclick="callHelloWorld()">hello_world</button>
  <script>


    function callHelloWorld() {
      $.get('/hello_world', function (data, status) {
        alert('data:' + data)
        alert('status:' + status)

      })
    }



  </script>
</body>

</html>

編寫腳本py

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

import cherrypy


class TestCherry():
  @cherrypy.expose() # 保證html能請(qǐng)求到該函數(shù)
  def hello_world(self):
    print('Hello')
    return 'Hello World'

  @cherrypy.expose() # 保證html能請(qǐng)求到該函數(shù)http://127.0.0.1:8080/index
  def index(self): # 默認(rèn)頁為test_cherry.html
    return open(u'test_cherry.html')


cherrypy.quickstart(TestCherry(), '/')

運(yùn)行結(jié)果

[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Listening for SIGTERM.
[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Bus STARTING
CherryPy Checker:
The Application mounted at '' has an empty config.

[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Set handler for console events.
[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.
[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8080
[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Bus STARTED

能看到啟動(dòng)的路徑為127.0.0.1::8080端口號(hào)是8080

The Application mounted at '' has an empty config.表示沒有自己配置，使用默認(rèn)配置，如果需要可自己配置

運(yùn)行py腳本后，打開瀏覽器輸入http://127.0.0.1:8080/或者h(yuǎn)ttp://127.0.0.1:8080/index就可以看到test_cheery.html

Cherrypy在Python Web項(xiàng)目中如何使用

點(diǎn)擊hello_world按鈕，就會(huì)訪問py中的hello_world函數(shù)

Cherrypy在Python Web項(xiàng)目中如何使用

解釋：test_cherry.html中

function callHelloWorld() {

$.get('/hello_world', function (data, status) {

alert('data:' + data)

alert('status:' + status)

})}

1）請(qǐng)求/hello_world需要與py中的函數(shù)名一致

2）默認(rèn)端口是8080，如果8080被占用，可以重新配置

cherrypy.quickstart(TestCherry(), '/')可以接收配置參數(shù)

若多次調(diào)試出現(xiàn)portend.Timeout: Port 8080 not free on 127.0.0.1.錯(cuò)誤

是因?yàn)?080端口被占用了，如果你第一次調(diào)試時(shí)成功了，則你可以打開任務(wù)管理器把python進(jìn)程停掉，8080就被釋放了

3、導(dǎo)入webbrowser進(jìn)行調(diào)試開發(fā)（可以自動(dòng)打開瀏覽器，輸入網(wǎng)址）

py代碼

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

import cherrypy
import webbrowser


class TestCherry():
  @cherrypy.expose() # 保證html能請(qǐng)求到該函數(shù)
  def hello_world(self):
    print('Hello')
    return 'Hello World'

  @cherrypy.expose() # 保證html能請(qǐng)求到該函數(shù)http://127.0.0.1:8080/index
  def index(self): # 默認(rèn)頁為test_cherry.html
    return open(u'test_cherry.html')

def auto_open():
  webbrowser.open('http://127.0.0.1:8080/')

cherrypy.engine.subscribe('start', auto_open) #啟動(dòng)前每次都調(diào)用auto_open函數(shù)
cherrypy.quickstart(TestCherry(), '/')

這樣運(yùn)行py就能自動(dòng)打開網(wǎng)頁了，每次改變html代碼如果沒達(dá)到預(yù)期效果，可以試一試清理瀏覽器緩存?。?！

4、帶參數(shù)的請(qǐng)求

實(shí)現(xiàn)傳入?yún)?shù)并接收返回顯示在html上

py中添加一個(gè)函數(shù)(get_parameters)

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

import cherrypy
import webbrowser


class TestCherry():
  @cherrypy.expose() # 保證html能請(qǐng)求到該函數(shù)
  def hello_world(self):
    print('Hello')
    return 'Hello World'

  @cherrypy.expose() # 保證html能請(qǐng)求到該函數(shù)http://127.0.0.1:8080/index
  def index(self): # 默認(rèn)頁為test_cherry.html
    return open(u'test_cherry.html')
  @cherrypy.expose()
  def get_parameters(self, name, age, **kwargs):
    print('name:{}'.format(name))
    print('age:{}'.format(age))
    print('kwargs:{}'.format(kwargs))
    return 'Get parameters success'
def auto_open():
  webbrowser.open('http://127.0.0.1:8080/')
cherrypy.engine.subscribe('start', auto_open) # 啟動(dòng)前每次都調(diào)用auto_open函數(shù)
cherrypy.quickstart(TestCherry(), '/')

html中添加一個(gè)新按鈕和對(duì)應(yīng)按鈕事件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>Test Cherry</title>
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>

<body>

  <h2>Test Cherry</h2>
  <p id="p1"></p>
  <button type="button" onclick="callHelloWorld()">hello_world</button>
  <button type="button" id="postForParameters">get_parameters</button>
  <p id="getReturn"></p>
  <script>


    function callHelloWorld() {
      $.get('/hello_world', function (data, status) {
        alert('data:' + data)
        alert('status:' + status)

      })
    }

    $(document).ready(function () {

      $('#postForParameters').click(function () {
        alert('pst')
        $.post('/get_parameters',
          {
            name: 'TXT',
            age: 99,
            other: '123456'
          },
          function (data, status) {
            if (status === 'success') {
              $('#getReturn').text(data)
            }
          })
      })
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

運(yùn)行結(jié)果

點(diǎn)擊get_parameters按鈕后

D:\Python37_32\python.exe D:/B_CODE/Python/WebDemo/test_cherry.py
[27/May/2020:09:58:40] ENGINE Listening for SIGTERM.
[27/May/2020:09:58:40] ENGINE Bus STARTING
CherryPy Checker:
The Application mounted at '' has an empty config.

[27/May/2020:09:58:40] ENGINE Set handler for console events.
[27/May/2020:09:58:40] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.
[27/May/2020:09:58:41] ENGINE Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8080
[27/May/2020:09:58:41] ENGINE Bus STARTED
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:09:58:41] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 1107 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:09:59:37] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 1136 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:09:59:37] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 200 1406 "http://127.0.0.1:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:10:02:50] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 1208 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:10:02:50] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 200 1406 "http://127.0.0.1:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
name:TXT
age:99
kwargs:{'other': '123456'}
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:10:02:54] "POST /get_parameters HTTP/1.1" 200 22 "http://127.0.0.1:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"

能看出傳入的參數(shù)已經(jīng)打印出來了

Cherrypy在Python Web項(xiàng)目中如何使用

5、config配置以及對(duì)應(yīng)url(追加，所以代碼不同了）

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import json
import os
import webbrowser
import cherrypy


class Service(object):
  def __init__(self, port):
    self.media_folder = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'media'))
    self.host = '0.0.0.0'
    self.port = int(port)
    self.index_html = 'index.html'
    pass

  @cherrypy.expose()
  def index(self):
    return open(os.path.join(self.media_folder, self.index_html), 'rb')

  def auto_open(self):
    webbrowser.open('http://127.0.0.1:{}/'.format(self.port))

  @cherrypy.expose()
  def return_info(self, sn):
    cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
    cherrypy.response.headers['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
    my_dict = {'aaa':'123'}# 或者用list[]可保證有序
    return json.dumps(my_dict).encode('utf-8')


def main():

  service = Service(8090)
  conf = {
    'global': {
      # 主機(jī)0.0.0.0表示可以使用本機(jī)IP訪問，如http://10.190.20.72:8090，可部署給別人訪問
      # 否則只可以用http://127.0.0.1:8090
      'server.socket_host': service.host,
      # 端口號(hào)
      'server.socket_port': service.port,
      # 當(dāng)代碼變動(dòng)時(shí)，是否自動(dòng)重啟服務(wù)，True==是，F(xiàn)alse==否
      # 設(shè)為True時(shí)，當(dāng)該P(yáng)Y代碼改變，服務(wù)會(huì)重啟
      'engine.autoreload.on': False
    },
    # 根目錄設(shè)置
    '/': {
      'tools.staticdir.on': True,
      'tools.staticdir.dir': service.media_folder
    },
    '/static': {
      'tools.staticdir.on': True,
      # 可以這么訪問http://127.0.0.1:8090/static加上你的資源，例如
      # http://127.0.0.1:8090/static/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js
      'tools.staticdir.dir': service.media_folder
    },

  }

  # 可以使用該種寫法代替config配置
  # cherrypy.config.update(
  #     {'server.socket_port': service.port})
  # cherrypy.config.update(
  #     {'server.thread_pool': int(service.thread_pool_count)})
  # 當(dāng)代碼變動(dòng)時(shí)，是否重啟服務(wù)，True==是，F(xiàn)alse==否
  # cherrypy.config.update({'engine.autoreload.on': False})
  # 支持http://10.190.20.72:8080/形式
  # cherrypy.server.socket_host = '0.0.0.0'
  # 啟動(dòng)時(shí)調(diào)用函數(shù)
  cherrypy.engine.subscribe('start', service.auto_open)
  cherrypy.quickstart(service, '/', conf)


if __name__ == '__main__':
  pass
  main()

工程文件夾

Cherrypy在Python Web項(xiàng)目中如何使用

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