linux下安裝oracle 11g數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法

小編給大家分享一下linux下安裝oracle 11g數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大所收獲，下面讓我們一起去探討吧！

linux下命令行安裝oracle 11g數(shù)據(jù)庫

1、準(zhǔn)備：

本次安裝的基本環(huán)境：vmware中安裝centos6.10（虛擬機(jī)安裝這里就不做介紹了）

虛擬機(jī)要求：內(nèi)存推薦2G以上

需要下載Linux版本下對應(yīng)的oracle安裝包：

下載地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

對應(yīng)的oracle版本：

      linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

      linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

課程

2、機(jī)器基礎(chǔ)配置修改

（1）設(shè)置系統(tǒng)：Oracle只支持操作系統(tǒng)Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6，故需將/etc/redhat-release中的內(nèi)容改成Red Hat

[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release  
#CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

（2）機(jī)器信息關(guān)閉，selinux，防火墻的不必要的服務(wù)

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config                         //selinux關(guān)閉（disabled）
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop                        //防火墻關(guān)閉
[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.152.130   Oracle                          //新增行：IP 機(jī)器名（這是我的ip和主機(jī)名）

（3）修改用戶的限制文件

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf                //在該文件內(nèi)添加以下內(nèi)容
oracle           soft    nproc           2047
oracle           hard    nproc           16384
oracle           soft    nofile          1024
oracle           hard    nofile          65536
oracle           soft    stack           10240

（4）修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf		//在文件中添加以下內(nèi)容
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 
fs.file-max = 6815744 
kernel.shmall = 10523004 
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 
kernel.shmmni = 4096 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 
net.core.rmem_default=262144 
net.core.wmem_default=262144 
net.core.rmem_max=4194304 
net.core.wmem_max=1048576 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
[root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p				// 執(zhí)行這條語句使配置生效

（5）依賴包安裝

[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp

3、建立用戶、組，安裝目錄

（1）建立用戶、組

[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper
[root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# id oracle		//查看用戶所屬組
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)

（2）新建安裝目錄

[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app

（3）設(shè)置并刷新環(huán)境變量

[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile   //給該文件添加以下內(nèi)容
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
[root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile		//執(zhí)行該句使配置生效

4、安裝Oracle

（1）拷貝Oracle安裝文件到指定目錄

[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/

（2）切換到oracle用戶，解壓安裝包

[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解壓后得到database目錄，其中response目錄里面有三個rsp文件，用來作為靜默安裝時應(yīng)答文件的模板。分別為：

[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l
total 76
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug  8 17:10 dbca.rsp      //安裝應(yīng)答
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug  8 14:23 db_install.rsp      //創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)答
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall  5740 Feb 26  2009 netca.rsp //建立監(jiān)聽，本地服務(wù)名等網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)置

（5）修改配置文件，安裝Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/           //備份

（6）修改后的靜默安裝配置文件db_install.rsp內(nèi)容如下：

[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$'
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=

（7）開始靜默安裝

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database
[oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp

（8）查看安裝進(jìn)度

[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs
[oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log

（9）當(dāng)出現(xiàn)以下信息時

var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
	1. Open a terminal window
	2. Log in  as "root"
	3. Run the scripts
	4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.

打開新的客戶端使用root身份執(zhí)行以下腳本

[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

（10）執(zhí)行完上面的腳本后回到安裝界面按下Enter繼續(xù)。

5、配置Oracle監(jiān)聽

（1）運(yùn)行監(jiān)聽文件

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp

運(yùn)行成功之后，在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目錄下會生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora兩個文件

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls
listener.ora  samples  shrept.lst  sqlnet.ora  tnsnames.ora

執(zhí)行以下命令查看監(jiān)聽器是否已經(jīng)在1521端口上開始工作了

[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521
tcp        0      0 :::1521                     :::*                        LISTEN      1792/tnslsnr

如果監(jiān)聽沒有啟動，則手動啟動監(jiān)聽器

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

（2）配置Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫

[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd
/var/app/oracle/database/response
[oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"     //78 行 全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫的名字=SID+主機(jī)域名
SID="ora11g"    //149行 SID
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"    //190行
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"   //200行
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 編碼
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 編碼

（3）創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫

[oracle@Oracle ~]$  $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile  /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp

6、啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫

進(jìn)入Oracle SQL命令行

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

啟動時會出現(xiàn)以上錯誤，解決方法如下：找到init.ora.78201817526文件，將其復(fù)制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目錄下

[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora           //定位尋找目標(biāo)文件
/var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526               //目標(biāo)文件
/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora
/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/
[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls
init.ora.78201817526
[oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526  /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
[oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora    //將目標(biāo)文件改成所需文件名

進(jìn)入到Oracle SQL命令行中，執(zhí)行startup

[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> startup                                         //啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  839282688 bytes
Fixed Size                  2217992 bytes
Variable Size             494929912 bytes
Database Buffers          339738624 bytes
Redo Buffers                2396160 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

看完了這篇文章，相信你對linux下安裝oracle 11g數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法有了一定的了解，想了解更多相關(guān)知識，歡迎關(guān)注億速云行業(yè)資訊頻道，感謝各位的閱讀！