Oracle學(xué)習(xí)筆記之第八節(jié)sql語(yǔ)句(開(kāi)發(fā)課學(xué)生指南051)

 開(kāi)發(fā)課 做練習(xí) 學(xué)生指南051 les01 ppt

 oracle經(jīng)常兩表連接，叫第三范式，如帶有ID性質(zhì)的東西

 以下是sql語(yǔ)句的命令

 select * from departments; 部門(mén)表

select * from employees; 員工表

select employee_id,rowid,rownum from employees

where employee_id>=200;  64進(jìn)制內(nèi)部運(yùn)算 rownum本質(zhì)查詢(xún)第幾行

select employee_id,rowid,rownum from employees

where rownum<=5; 查看前5行

select * from employees e where e.department_id=80; 這部門(mén)里的人都有提成 

select last_name,12*salary*(1+commission_pct) from employees; 查看年收入

select last_name,12*salary*(1+nvl(commission_pct,0)) from employees; 查看年收入,處理空行的顯示

select * from employees where manager_id is null; 關(guān)于空的處理

select last_name,12*salary*(1+nvl(commission_pct,0)) as anaualsal  from employees;進(jìn)行列別名處理

select last_name,12*salary*(1+nvl(commission_pct,0)) "Anaualsal"  from employees;如果要區(qū)分大小寫(xiě)要加雙引號(hào)

select last_name ||'xxxx'|| job_id from employees; 連起來(lái)顯示

select department_name || q'[ department's manager id:]' || manager_id as "Department and Manager" from departments;    q'#xxx# 也可以， 后面就是你想要的東西

select DISTINCT department_id from employees; 有除重必須排序(空有顯示，178號(hào)員工沒(méi)部門(mén)） 

create table t05101_distinct (a varchar2(10),b varchar2(10));

insert into t05101_distinct values ('A','B');

select * from t05101_distinct;

select distinct a,b from t05101_distinct;

insert into t05101_distinct values ('A','B1');  除重是除掉整行

select distinct a,b from t05101_distinct;

select * from user_tab_cols tc where tc.TABLE_NAME='LOCATIONS'; 查看用戶(hù)范圍內(nèi)的所有表的所有列

方法2：sqlplus命令

sqlplus /nolog

conn hr/oracle_4U

describe  locations  查看表結(jié)構(gòu)

小提示：選中SQL 按F5看執(zhí)行計(jì)劃

les02 ppt

oracle變量有6種+1形參，兩種宿主

select * from employees where rownum=1;

alter session set nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD';修改當(dāng)前會(huì)話(huà)默認(rèn)格式

select last_name from employees where hire_date = to_date('17-JUN-07','DD-MON-RR');

select * from employees e where e.employee_id in (select manager_id from employees);查看多少人是老板管過(guò)人

select * from employees e where e.employee_id not in (select manager_id from employees);這個(gè)例子是錯(cuò)誤的。不能not in 因?yàn)槔镱^有空值取反還是空

select * from employees e where e.employee_id not in (select manager_id from employees where manager_id is not null);這樣才有顯示89個(gè)人

create table t05102_a (a varchar2(10));

insert into t05102_a values ('A');

insert into t05102_a values ('A1');

insert into t05102_a values ('%');

insert into t05102_a values ('_');

insert into t05102_a values ('_1');

select * from t05102_a;

select * from t05102_a where a like 'A%'; A打頭的東西

select * from t05102_a where a like 'A_';查看A打頭的東西

select * from t05102_a where a like '\%%' escape '\'; 查看%號(hào)

select * from t05102_a where a like '\_%' escape '\';查看下劃線(xiàn)打頭的

insert into t05102_a values('''');插入單引號(hào)

insert into t05102_a values(chr(39)||1); man ascii查看得來(lái)的

create table t05102_b (a number,b number);

insert into t05102_b values(1,999);

insert into t05102_b values(1,0);

insert into t05102_b values(2,999);

insert into t05102_b values(2,0);

select * from t05102_b order by a,b;先按a排列在按照b排列

select * from t05102_b order by a desc ,b desc;   

select a "X", b "Y" from t05102_b order by "X" desc,"Y" desc;別名,在order by世界里無(wú)所謂是“X”還是a都可以，但是正常語(yǔ)句的sql語(yǔ)句的別名不行

替換變量

select employee_id,salary from employees where employee_id=100;

select employee_id,salary from employees where employee_id=&S_1; 可以進(jìn)出彈窗，自己選擇ID號(hào)

select last_name,salary from employees where last_name like '&S_1%';可以進(jìn)出彈窗

sqlplus /nolog

select  salary from employees where employee_id=&&s_2;問(wèn)兩次后永遠(yuǎn)都是這個(gè)

define 默認(rèn)在這了

undefine s_2 取消

select  &&s2,salary from employees where employee_id=&s_2;

set verify off 配置這個(gè)后就不會(huì)有舊的新的，環(huán)境變量