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分區(qū)(Partition)一直是Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)引以為傲的一項(xiàng)技術(shù),正是分區(qū)的存在讓Oracle高效的處理海量數(shù)據(jù)成為可能,在Oracle 11g中,分區(qū)技術(shù)在易用性和可擴(kuò)展性上再次得到了增強(qiáng)。在10g的Oracle版本中,要對(duì)分區(qū)表做調(diào)整,尤其是對(duì)RANGE分區(qū)添加新的分區(qū)都需要DBA手動(dòng)定期添加,或都使用存儲(chǔ)過程進(jìn)行管理。在11G的版本中的Interval Partition不再需要DBA去干預(yù)新分區(qū)的添加,Oracle會(huì)自動(dòng)去執(zhí)行這樣的操作,減少了DBA的工作量。Interval Partition是Range分區(qū)的一個(gè)擴(kuò)展。
使用Interval Partition也有一些限制:
You can only specify one partitioning key column, and it must be of NUMBER
or DATE
type.
Interval partitioning is not supported for index-organized tables.
You cannot create a domain index on an interval-partitioned table.
Interval Partition也可以創(chuàng)建復(fù)合分區(qū):
Interval-range
Interval-hash
Interval-list
創(chuàng)建Interval分區(qū)表:
sys@ORCL>CREATE TABLE interval_sales 2 ( prod_id NUMBER(6) 3 , cust_id NUMBER 4 , time_id DATE 5 , channel_id CHAR(1) 6 , promo_id NUMBER(6) 7 , quantity_sold NUMBER(3) 8 , amount_sold NUMBER(10,2) 9 ) 10 PARTITION BY RANGE (time_id) 11 INTERVAL(NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1, 'MONTH')) 12 ( PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('1-1-2008', 'DD-MM-YYYY')), 13 PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('1-1-2009', 'DD-MM-YYYY')), 14 PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('1-7-2009', 'DD-MM-YYYY')), 15 PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('1-1-2010', 'DD-MM-YYYY')) ); Table created.
插入在指定分區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)插入成功
sys@ORCL>insert into interval_sales values(1,101,to_date('2008-06-01','yyyy-mm-dd'),'a',201,101,10); 1 row created. sys@ORCL>commit; Commit complete. sys@ORCL>select * from interval_sales partition(p1); PROD_ID CUST_ID TIME_ID CHA PROMO_ID QUANTITY_SOLD AMOUNT_SOLD ---------- ---------- ------------------- --- ---------- ------------- ----------- 1 101 2008-06-01 00:00:00 a 201 101 10
插入不在指定分區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)插入成功
sys@ORCL>insert into interval_sales values(2,101,to_date('2010-01-03','yyyy-mm-dd'),'a',201,101,10); 1 row created. sys@ORCL>commit; Commit complete. sys@ORCL>select * from interval_sales; PROD_ID CUST_ID TIME_ID CHA PROMO_ID QUANTITY_SOLD AMOUNT_SOLD ---------- ---------- ------------------- --- ---------- ------------- ----------- 1 101 2008-06-01 00:00:00 a 201 101 10 2 101 2010-01-03 00:00:00 a 201 101 10
查看現(xiàn)在表的所有分區(qū)
sys@ORCL>col table_owner for a10 sys@ORCL>col table_name for a15 sys@ORCL>col partition_name for a20 sys@ORCL>col high_value for a100 sys@ORCL>set linesize 300 sys@ORCL>select table_owner,table_name,partition_name,high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='INTERVAL_SALES'; TABLE_OWNE TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE ---------- --------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS INTERVAL_SALES P0 TO_DATE(' 2008-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P1 TO_DATE(' 2009-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P2 TO_DATE(' 2009-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P3 TO_DATE(' 2010-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES SYS_P41 TO_DATE(' 2010-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')
可以看到INTERVAL_sales表多了一個(gè)SYS_P41分區(qū),分區(qū)的HIGH_VALUE為2010-02-01,分區(qū)是增加了一個(gè)月
再插入間隔再大一些的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)看看變化
sys@ORCL>insert into interval_sales values(2,101,to_date('2010-08-03','yyyy-mm-dd'),'a',201,101,10); 1 row created. sys@ORCL>commit; Commit complete. sys@ORCL>select * from interval_sales; PROD_ID CUST_ID TIME_ID CHA PROMO_ID QUANTITY_SOLD AMOUNT_SOLD ---------- ---------- ------------------- --- ---------- ------------- ----------- 1 101 2008-06-01 00:00:00 a 201 101 10 2 101 2010-01-03 00:00:00 a 201 101 10 2 101 2010-08-03 00:00:00 a 201 101 10 sys@ORCL>select table_owner,table_name,partition_name,high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='INTERVAL_SALES'; TABLE_OWNE TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE ---------- --------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS INTERVAL_SALES P0 TO_DATE(' 2008-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P1 TO_DATE(' 2009-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P2 TO_DATE(' 2009-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P3 TO_DATE(' 2010-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES SYS_P41 TO_DATE(' 2010-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES SYS_P42 TO_DATE(' 2010-09-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') 6 rows selected. sys@ORCL>insert into interval_sales values(2,101,to_date('2010-05-03','yyyy-mm-dd'),'a',201,101,10); 1 row created. sys@ORCL>commit; Commit complete. sys@ORCL>select * from interval_sales; PROD_ID CUST_ID TIME_ID CHA PROMO_ID QUANTITY_SOLD AMOUNT_SOLD ---------- ---------- ------------------- --- ---------- ------------- ----------- 1 101 2008-06-01 00:00:00 a 201 101 10 2 101 2010-01-03 00:00:00 a 201 101 10 2 101 2010-05-03 00:00:00 a 201 101 10 2 101 2010-08-03 00:00:00 a 201 101 10 sys@ORCL>select table_owner,table_name,partition_name,high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='INTERVAL_SALES'; TABLE_OWNE TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE ---------- --------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS INTERVAL_SALES P0 TO_DATE(' 2008-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P1 TO_DATE(' 2009-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P2 TO_DATE(' 2009-07-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES P3 TO_DATE(' 2010-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES SYS_P41 TO_DATE(' 2010-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES SYS_P42 TO_DATE(' 2010-09-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') SYS INTERVAL_SALES SYS_P43 TO_DATE(' 2010-06-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN') 7 rows selected.
可以看出插入2010-08-03的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)2010-09-01的分區(qū),然后再插入2010-05-03的數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)創(chuàng)建2010-06-01的分區(qū),說明所有自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建的分區(qū)都會(huì)按整個(gè)月來控制??刂七@個(gè)時(shí)間間隔的就是NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1, 'MONTH')。
NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1, 'YEAR') 一年
NUMTOYMINTERVAL(1, 'MONTH') 一個(gè)月
NUMTODSINTERVAL(1, 'DAY') 一天
NUMTODSINTERVAL(1, 'HOUR') 一小時(shí)
NUMTODSINTERVAL(1, 'MINUTE') 一分鐘
NUMTODSINTERVAL(1, 'SECOND') 一秒
使用數(shù)值做分區(qū)鍵也可以使用Interval Partition
sys@ORCL>create table interval_num 2 (id number, 3 name varchar2(20), 4 time_id date 5 ) 6 partition by range (id) 7 interval(20) 8 (partition p0 values less than (20)); Table created. sys@ORCL>insert into interval_num values(1,'a',to_date('2016-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')); 1 row created. sys@ORCL>insert into interval_num values(21,'a',to_date('2016-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')); 1 row created. sys@ORCL>commit; Commit complete. sys@ORCL>select table_owner,table_name,partition_name,high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='INTERVAL_NUM'; TABLE_OWNE TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE ---------- --------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS INTERVAL_NUM P0 20 SYS INTERVAL_NUM SYS_P44 40
使用Interval Partition的注意事項(xiàng),自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建的分區(qū)名都是自動(dòng)分配的,類似SYS_P**的,如果覺得這種名字不合規(guī)的話可以進(jìn)行修改
sys@ORCL>alter table interval_num rename partition sys_p44 to p1; Table altered. sys@ORCL>select table_owner,table_name,partition_name,high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='INTERVAL_NUM'; TABLE_OWNE TABLE_NAME PARTITION_NAME HIGH_VALUE ---------- --------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS INTERVAL_NUM P0 20 SYS INTERVAL_NUM P1 40
非Interval Partition轉(zhuǎn)為Partition,使用alter table table_name set interval(...);
sys@ORCL> create table interval_num 2 (id number, 3 name varchar2(20), 4 time_id date 5 ) 6 partition by range (id) 7 (partition p0 values less than (20)); Table created. sys@ORCL>insert into interval_num(id) values(1); 1 row created. sys@ORCL>insert into interval_num(id) values(21); insert into interval_num(id) values(21) * ERROR at line 1: ORA-14400: inserted partition key does not map to any partition sys@ORCL>alter table interval_num set interval(20); Table altered. sys@ORCL>insert into interval_num(id) values(21); 1 row created. sys@ORCL>select table_owner,table_name,partition_name,high_value from dba_tab_partitions where table_name='INTERVAL_NUM'; TABLE_OWNER TABLE_NAME PARTITION_ HIGH_VALUE --------------- --------------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYS INTERVAL_NUM P0 20 SYS INTERVAL_NUM SYS_P45 40
官方文檔:http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e25523/part_admin001.htm#BAJHFFBE
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