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oracle hint有效范圍是什么

發(fā)布時間：2021-11-09 15:51:27 來源：億速云 閱讀：114 作者：柒染 欄目：建站服務(wù)器

這篇文章給大家介紹oracle hint有效范圍是什么，內(nèi)容非常詳細，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考借鑒，希望對大家能有所幫助。

hint的范圍
parameter hints對整個sql有效率，其它hints只對單個查詢塊起作用，要在查詢塊內(nèi)指定hints
當(dāng)子查詢，內(nèi)聯(lián)view時候會有多個查詢塊，要為每個查詢塊 加hint控制該查詢塊（hint有效范圍控制在查詢塊內(nèi)）
SQL> create table t1 (a int,b varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL> create table t2 (a2 int,b2 varchar2(10));

Table created.

SQL>

SQL> insert into t1 values(1,'a');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t2 values(1,'b');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> create index t1_id on t1(a);

Index created.


SQL> create index t2_id on t2(a2);

Index created.


SQL> execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('XH','T1');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> execute dbms_stats.gather_table_stats('XH','T2');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


SQL> set autotrace trace exp
SQL> select * from t1 where a=(select a2 from t2 where a2=1 );

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3305116341

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name  | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |       |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1    |     1 |     5 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | T1_ID |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  3 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN         | T2_ID |     1 |     3 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("A"= (SELECT "A2" FROM "T2" "T2" WHERE "A2"=1))
   3 - access("A2"=1)

SQL> select /*+full(t1)*/ * from t1 where a=(select a2 from t2 where a2=1 );

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1681039550

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name  | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |       |     1 |     5 |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1    |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN| T2_ID |     1 |     3 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("A"= (SELECT "A2" FROM "T2" "T2" WHERE "A2"=1))
   2 - access("A2"=1)


全局hint使用.引用包含在其他查詢塊中的對象(引用的查詢塊已經(jīng)有別名才行,查詢塊別名 不是表別名)
SQL> select  * from t1 ts where a=(select /*+full(t2) full(ts.t1)*/a2 from t2 where a2=1 );

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2910250514

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name  | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |       |     1 |     5 |     5   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1    |     1 |     5 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | T1_ID |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL        | T2    |     1 |     3 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("A"= (SELECT /*+ FULL ("T2") */ "A2" FROM "T2" "T2" WHERE
              "A2"=1))
   3 - filter("A2"=1)

SQL> with
  2   t1_t as (select * from t1)
  3  select t1_t.a,t2.b2 from t2,t1_t where t2.a2=t1_t.a
  4  /

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 978323357

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                    | Name  | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT             |       |     1 |     8 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  NESTED LOOPS                |       |       |       |            |          |
|   2 |   NESTED LOOPS               |       |     1 |     8 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |    INDEX FULL SCAN           | T1_ID |     1 |     3 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  4 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN          | T2_ID |     1 |       |     0   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   5 |   TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T2    |     1 |     5 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   4 - access("T2"."A2"="T1"."A")


SQL>  with
  2       t1_t as (select * from t1)
  3      select/*+full(t2) full(t1_t.t1)*/ t1_t.a,t2.b2 from t2,t1_t where t2.a2=t1_t.a
  4  /

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2959412835

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |     1 |     8 |     7  (15)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  HASH JOIN         |      |     1 |     8 |     7  (15)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2   |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1   |     1 |     3 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("T2"."A2"="T1"."A")

SQL>

假如子查詢沒有別名，可以制作一個別名為子查詢(用qb_name hint制作),10g才能用qb_name

SQL>  with
  2       t1_t as (select /*+qb_name(sq)*/ * from t1)
  3      select /*+qb_name(sq_t) full(@sq t1) full(@sq_t t2)*/ t1_t.a,t2.b2 from t2,t1_t where t2.a2=t1_t.a
  4  /

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2959412835

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |     1 |     8 |     7  (15)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  HASH JOIN         |      |     1 |     8 |     7  (15)| 00:00:01 |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2   |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1   |     1 |     3 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - access("T2"."A2"="T1"."A")

SQL> SQL> select /*+qb_name(sq) full(@sq t1) full(@sq_t t2)*/* from t1 where a=(select /*+qb_name(sq_t)*/ a2 from t2 where a2=1);

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 1484901111

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |     1 |     5 |     6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL | T1   |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2   |     1 |     3 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("A"= (SELECT /*+ QB_NAME ("SQ_T") FULL ("T2") */ "A2"
              FROM "T2" "T2" WHERE "A2"=1))
   2 - filter("A2"=1)


SQL> SQL> select /*+qb_name(sq)*/* from t1 where a=(select /*+qb_name(sq_t) full(@sq t1) full(@sq_t t2)*/ a2 from t2 where a2=1);


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1484901111

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |     1 |     5 |     6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL | T1   |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2   |     1 |     3 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("A"= (SELECT /*+ QB_NAME ("SQ_T") FULL ("T2") */ "A2"
              FROM "T2" "T2" WHERE "A2"=1))
   2 - filter("A2"=1)


使用query optimizer生成的別名

SQL> explain plan set statement_id='xh' for select * from t1 where a=(select a2 from t2 where a2=1);

Explained.

SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display(null,'xh','basic +alias'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3305116341

---------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name  |
---------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |       |
|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1    |
|   2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN          | T1_ID |
|   3 |    INDEX RANGE SCAN         | T2_ID |
---------------------------------------------


PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
-------------------------------------------------------------

   1 - SEL$1 / T1@SEL$1
   2 - SEL$1 / T1@SEL$1
   3 - SEL$2 / T2@SEL$2

17 rows selected.

SEL$為查詢塊前綴名（sel=select,cri$=create index,del$=delete,ins$=insert,misc$=lock table或多類語句,mrg$=merge,set$=union&minus,upd$=update）
順序是按sql語句parse階段查詢塊出現(xiàn)位置(左-右)，所以sel$1表示 select t1那個 查詢塊，sel$2 表示select t2那個查詢塊


SQL> select  * from t1  where a=(select /*+full(@sel$2 t2) full(@sel$1 t1)*/a2 from t2 where a2=1 );

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1484901111

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |     1 |     5 |     6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL | T1   |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2   |     1 |     3 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("A"= (SELECT /*+ FULL ("T2") */ "A2" FROM "T2" "T2" WHERE
              "A2"=1))
   2 - filter("A2"=1)

另外表有別名的話hint中要用別名
SQL> select  * from t1 ts where a=(select /*+full(@sel$2 t2) full(@sel$1 ts)*/a2 from t2 where a2=1 );

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1484901111

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation          | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |      |     1 |     5 |     6   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  1 |  TABLE ACCESS FULL | T1   |     1 |     5 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2   |     1 |     3 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   1 - filter("A"= (SELECT /*+ FULL ("T2") */ "A2" FROM "T2" "T2" WHERE
              "A2"=1))
   2 - filter("A2"=1)

*另外parameter hints對整個sql有效率(例如hint all_rows,gather_plan_statistics之類)
*11g中v$sql_hint可以查看可以使用的hint列表

關(guān)于oracle hint有效范圍是什么就分享到這里了，希望以上內(nèi)容可以對大家有一定的幫助，可以學(xué)到更多知識。如果覺得文章不錯，可以把它分享出去讓更多的人看到。

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