如何深入解析RMAN備份與恢復(fù)

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2021-11-09 10:18:16 來源：億速云閱讀：118 作者：柒染欄目：建站服務(wù)器

這篇文章將為大家詳細(xì)講解有關(guān)如何深入解析RMAN備份與恢復(fù)，文章內(nèi)容質(zhì)量較高，因此小編分享給大家做個(gè)參考，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后對相關(guān)知識有一定的了解。

RMAN備份與恢復(fù)深入解析

1.用示例說明兩種增量備份的差別

大家早上好，早上的陽光真是明媚，新的一天即將開始，下面我們來研究研究增量備份的奧妙：）

Incremental增量備份：中心思想就是減少備份的數(shù)據(jù)量，我們不需要在從頭開始備份了，只需要備份自上次已備份之后的數(shù)據(jù)塊即可。

關(guān)于Incremental增量備份級別：

Oracle 9i 共有五種級別 0 1 2 3 4，0級最高-4級最低，0級是1級的基礎(chǔ)以此類推。

Oracle 10g官方文檔明確指出增量備份只有0和1兩種級別（太多增量級別其實(shí)沒有太大的意義），不過實(shí)際執(zhí)行增量操作時(shí)，仍然能夠指定多個(gè)級別，最大能夠支持4級增量備份。

Oracle 11g 增量備份只有0和1兩種級別。

Level 0級就是對數(shù)據(jù)庫一個(gè)全庫備份，增量備份必須從0級開始，也就是說必須要有一個(gè)全庫備份當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)。

如果你是用“backup full database”命令做全庫備份oracle也不認(rèn)為這是level 0的全庫備份，盡管是一樣的也要單獨(dú)做一次level 0。有了level 0當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)才能有后面的level 1 level 2 level 3 level 4。如果你一上來比較沖動直接發(fā)出level 1備份，oracle會自動在level1前面加一個(gè)level 0，順序是先進(jìn)行l(wèi)evel 0備份再做level 1備份，一共做兩次備份。

關(guān)于Incremental增量備份類型：

（1）差異增量備份：備份上級及同級備份以來所有變化的數(shù)據(jù)塊，差異增量是默認(rèn)增量備份方式

特點(diǎn)：觸發(fā)條件小于等于當(dāng)前級別<=N 備份時(shí)間快，恢復(fù)時(shí)間慢

如何深入解析RMAN備份與恢復(fù)

（2）累積增量備份：備份上級備份以來所有變化的塊。

特點(diǎn)：小于當(dāng)前級別<N 備份時(shí)間慢，恢復(fù)時(shí)間快 C：代表累積

如何深入解析RMAN備份與恢復(fù)

我們系統(tǒng)的備份策略（周策略），僅供參考，如有雷同心心相印，歐巴~阿加西
日期             差異增量       累積增量
星期天                0                   0
星期一                2                   2
星期二                2                   2
星期三                1                   1
星期四                2                   2
星期五                2                   2
星期六                2                   2
星期日                0                   0

下面我們實(shí)驗(yàn)差異增量備份與累積增量備份~備份時(shí)間與恢復(fù)窗口優(yōu)略性

差異增量備份

零級備份

backupincremental level 0 database;

創(chuàng)建表空間test1

創(chuàng)建表test1

一級差異備份

backupincremental level 1 database;

創(chuàng)建表空間test2

創(chuàng)建表test2

一級差異備份

backupincremental level 1 database;

記住當(dāng)前的scn號（10000），我們刪除表test1和表test2，然后恢復(fù)到scn=10000那一刻，檢查表test1和表test2是否完整恢復(fù)回來，恢復(fù)窗口：恢復(fù)三個(gè)備份集 0+1+1+redo

begin go

0級全庫備份

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set 數(shù)據(jù)文件列表

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T150112 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

控制文件自動備份

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

操作系統(tǒng)側(cè)面檢查，順利備份沒有問題 good

[oracle@leonarding1 backup]$ ll

total 983928

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 10 15:02 control

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1007534080 May 10 15:02 DB_0lo99q5p_1_1

[oracle@leonarding1 control]$ ll

total 9632

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 9863168 May 10 15:02cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00

創(chuàng)建test1表空間

SYS@LEO1>create tablespace test1 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

創(chuàng)建test1表

SYS@LEO1>conn leo1/leo1

Connected.

LEO1@LEO1>create table test1 tablespace test1 as select * fromdba_objects;

Table created.

LEO1@LEO1>select checkpoint_change# from v$database; 每做完一個(gè)動作我們都記錄下SCN號

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1079203

1級差異備份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf 這次多了test1表空間

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T151746comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:15

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-01comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

創(chuàng)建test2表空間

LEO1@LEO1>create tablespace test2 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

創(chuàng)建test2表

LEO1@LEO1>create table test2 tablespace test2 as select * fromdba_objects;

Table created.

LEO1@LEO1>select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1079213

再次1級差異備份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf 這次又多了test1表空間

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0qo99s79_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T153609comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-03comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

SYS@LEO1>select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1084254

SYS@LEO1>alter system switch logfile; 我們做一次日志切換從2 -> 3

System altered.

SYS@LEO1>archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /u02/app/oracle/archdata

Oldest online log sequence 1

Next log sequence to archive 3

Current log sequence 3

SYS@LEO1>alter system switch logfile; 為了保險(xiǎn)我們再切一次，當(dāng)前日志序號為4

System altered.

SYS@LEO1>conn leo1/leo1

Connected.

LEO1@LEO1>drop table test1 purge; 我們刪除test1和test2表

Table dropped.

LEO1@LEO1>drop table test2 purge;

Table dropped.

現(xiàn)在我們想恢復(fù)到?jīng)]刪除之前的狀態(tài)，有2種方法（1）恢復(fù)到scn=1084254 （2）恢復(fù)到sequence=3

檢查一下備份集集

RMAN> list backupset;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

19 Incr 0 960.85M DISK 00:01:21 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T150112

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 19

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- -------------

1 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

5 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

20 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T150238

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 30-APR-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1081329 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

21 Incr 1 19.38M DISK 00:02:08 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T151746

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 21

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- -------------

1 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

5 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

6 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

22 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T152002

Piece Name: /u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-01

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1083563 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

23 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:02 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 23 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T152849

Piece Name: /u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-02

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1084027 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

24 Incr 1 9.90M DISK 00:02:00 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 24 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T153609

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0qo99s79_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 24

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- -------------

1 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

5 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

6 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

7 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

25 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 25 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T153814

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-03

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1084436 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

從這個(gè)size大小上就可以看出 960.85M->19.38M->9.90M咱們做的都是增量備份，那么好現(xiàn)在開始恢復(fù)

SYS@LEO1>shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@LEO1>startup mount 啟動mount狀態(tài)恢復(fù)

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 471830528bytes

Fixed Size 2214456bytes

Variable Size 184550856 bytes

Database Buffers 276824064bytes

Redo Buffers 8241152bytes

Database mounted.

RMAN 進(jìn)行基于SCN號不完全恢復(fù)

RMAN> restore database until scn 1084254;

Starting restore at 10-MAY-13

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

creating datafile file number=7name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1 從0級備份開始恢復(fù)

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1tag=TAG20130510T150112

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1 再恢復(fù)1級

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1tag=TAG20130510T151746

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished restore at 10-MAY-13

RMAN> recover database until scn 1084254; 同步scn號

Starting recover at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

destination for restore of datafile 00001:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00002:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00003:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00004:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00005:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1tag=TAG20130510T151746

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf thread=1sequence=1

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished recover at 10-MAY-13

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; 非一致性打開

database opened

累積增量備份

零級備份

backup incremental level 0 cumulative database;

創(chuàng)建表空間test3

創(chuàng)建表test3

一級累積備份

backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

創(chuàng)建表空間test4

創(chuàng)建表test4

一級累積備份

backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

記住當(dāng)前的sequence號，我們刪除表test3和表test4，然后恢復(fù)到sequence那一刻，檢查表test3和表test4是否完整恢復(fù)回來，恢復(fù)窗口：恢復(fù)兩個(gè)備份集 0+1(最后一次備份)+redo

下面我們就做的快一點(diǎn)啦

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 cumulative database; 0級累積增量備份

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T162607comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-05comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

創(chuàng)建表空間和表test3

LEO1@LEO1>create tablespace test3 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

LEO1@LEO1>create table test3 tablespace test3 as select * fromdba_objects;

Table created.

1級累積備份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00008name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0vo99vgi_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163217 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-06comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

創(chuàng)建表空間和表test4

LEO1@LEO1>create tablespace test4 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

LEO1@LEO1>create table test4 tablespace test4 as select * fromdba_objects;

Table created.

再一次1級累積備份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00008 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00009name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-07comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

SYS@LEO1>drop table test3 purge;

SYS@LEO1>drop table test4 purge;

切換2次日志

SYS@LEO1>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@LEO1>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@LEO1>archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /u02/app/oracle/archdata

Oldest online log sequence 3

Next log sequence to archive 5

Current log sequence 5

我們只需恢復(fù)到sequence=4即可

RMAN 進(jìn)行基于sequence號不完全恢復(fù)

SYS@LEO1>shutdown immediate

SYS@LEO1>startup mount

RMAN> restore database until sequence 4 thread 1; 一直恢復(fù)到4號歸檔日志

Starting restore at 10-MAY-13

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T162607

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished restore at 10-MAY-13

RMAN> recover database until sequence 4 thread 1;

Starting recover at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

destination for restore of datafile 00001:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00002:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00003: /u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00004:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00005:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00006: /u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00007:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf thread=1sequence=3

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 10-MAY-13

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; 打開數(shù)據(jù)庫

database opened

LEO1@LEO1>select count(*) from test3; 完整恢復(fù)回來啦

COUNT(*)

----------

71894

LEO1@LEO1>select count(*) from test4;

COUNT(*)

----------

71895

大家肯定會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象，我們備份集順序DB_0to99v4v_1_1->DB_0vo99vgi_1_1->DB_11o99vpa_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1023426560 May 10 16:27 DB_0to99v4v_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 10493952 May 10 16:34 DB_0vo99vgi_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 20193280 May 10 16:38 DB_11o99vpa_1_1

而我們恢復(fù)順序DB_0to99v4v_1_1->DB_11o99vpa_1_1，沒有中間的DB_0vo99vgi_1_1，這就是累積增量備份的特色，當(dāng)進(jìn)行備份時(shí)它要去找比它自己級別小的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行增量備份，因此DB_11o99vpa_1_1是從0級一直備到最新狀態(tài)（包括DB_0vo99vgi_1_1）又根據(jù)Oracle優(yōu)先使用備份集恢復(fù)，用完所有備份集后，在應(yīng)用歸檔日志恢復(fù)，因?yàn)閭浞菁时葰w檔快很多，這一原則，我們可以直接使用DB_11o99vpa_1_1備份集進(jìn)行恢復(fù)了。

小結(jié)：情深深雨蒙蒙~風(fēng)吹草低見牛羊，示例說明兩種增量備份的差別實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)完成，大家從這些實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)到東西了嘛！應(yīng)該說這兩種增量各有千秋，適合不同的應(yīng)用場景，如何更好的使用它們，要根據(jù)你項(xiàng)目能夠接受的備份及恢復(fù)程度而定，好了我們明天見goodbye 親。

2.演示用catalog數(shù)據(jù)庫作為RMAN的資料庫對數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行一次全備份

上面我們說過RMAN元數(shù)據(jù)可以放在控制文件中，其實(shí)還可以放在catalog數(shù)據(jù)庫中，catalog庫是個(gè)什么東東呢？我們簡單的闡述一下它個(gè)功能。

1. catalog庫統(tǒng)一管理RMAN備份信息即元數(shù)據(jù)信息，如果沒有catalog庫，就把RMAN備份信息寫入控制文件

2. 目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫必須注冊到catalog庫中才能使用

3. 控制文件恢復(fù)成本越來越低，降低了catalog庫使用。

4. 控制文件不能保留超過一年以上的備份信息，catalog可卻可以。

5. catalog庫可以同時(shí)保存n臺數(shù)據(jù)庫的備份信息，降低管理成本，提升管理效率

1.創(chuàng)建表空間catalog1 用于存儲rman備份信息，創(chuàng)建表空間代表【catalog庫】

LEO1@LEO1>create tablespace catalog1 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/catalog1_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

2.創(chuàng)建用戶cl_admin并指定默認(rèn)的表空間catalog1

LEO1@LEO1>create user cl_admin identified by cl_admin defaulttablespace catalog1;

User created.

3.將recovery_catalog_owner角色授予給cl_admin用戶，才能提供維護(hù)和查詢恢復(fù)目錄的權(quán)限

LEO1@LEO1>grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to cl_admin;

Grant succeeded.

LEO1@LEO1>select * from dba_roles where role like '%RECOVER%';

ROLE PASSWORD AUTHENTICAT

------------------------------ -------- -----------

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER NO NONE

LEO1@LEO1>conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@LEO1>select * from role_sys_privs whererole='RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER'; 查看這個(gè)角色具有哪些系統(tǒng)權(quán)限->11個(gè)權(quán)限

ROLE PRIVILEGE ADM

------------------------------ -------------------------------------------

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SYNONYM NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE CLUSTER NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER ALTERSESSION NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE DATABASE LINK NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SESSION NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TABLE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SEQUENCE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATEPROCEDURE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE VIEW NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TYPE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TRIGGER NO

11 rows selected.

4.進(jìn)入rman創(chuàng)建恢復(fù)目錄catalog庫

[oracle@leonarding1 backup]$ rman catalog cl_admin/cl_admin 以恢復(fù)目錄所有者身份登錄rman

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat May 11 09:06:292013

connected to recovery catalog database 連接到恢復(fù)目錄數(shù)據(jù)庫

RMAN> create catalog tablespace catalog1; 用catalog1表空間代表catalog庫

recovery catalog created

5.target庫注冊到catalog庫

[oracle@leonarding1 backup]$ rman target sys/oracle catalogcl_admin/cl_admin

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat May 11 09:15:102013

connected to target database: LEO1 (DBID=1692458681) 必須以SYS身份登錄，不能以普通用戶身份登錄，否則不能注冊

connected to recovery catalog database 同時(shí)也連接到了catalog庫

RMAN> register database; 把target庫->注冊->catalog庫，誰注冊了誰的備份信息才能存到catalog庫

database registered in recovery catalog

starting full resync of recovery catalog

full resync complete

6.在數(shù)據(jù)庫中確認(rèn)注冊成功，看看哪些數(shù)據(jù)庫注冊到catalog庫了

[oracle@leonarding1 ~]$ sqlplus cl_admin/cl_admin

CL_ADMIN@LEO1>col name for a6

CL_ADMIN@LEO1>select * from rc_database; 從這個(gè)視圖上我們就可以看到leo1庫已經(jīng)注冊到catalog中了

DB_KEY DBINC_KEY DBID NAME RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS

---------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------------- ---------

2 4 1692458681 LEO1 1086803 10-MAY-13

7.取消注冊

RMAN> unregister database; 從恢復(fù)目錄庫中取消目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫的注冊

8.全庫備份

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database include currentcontrolfile plus archivelog delete all input;

Starting backup at 11-MAY-13

current log archived

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=38 STAMP=814107533

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=36 STAMP=814105467

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_15o9bs9s_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_6_814098124.dbf RECID=38STAMP=814107533

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_7_814098124.dbf RECID=36STAMP=814105467

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=39 STAMP=815067081

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_16o9bs9t_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf RECID=39STAMP=815067081

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=37 STAMP=814105539

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_17o9bsa1_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_8_814098124.dbf RECID=37STAMP=814105539

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=40 STAMP=815067673

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_18o9bsa2_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_814107939.dbf RECID=40STAMP=815067673

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=43 STAMP=815070347

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_19o9bsa3_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_815069267.dbf RECID=43STAMP=815070347

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=41 STAMP=815067752

input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=42 STAMP=815069267

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1ao9bsa4_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_814107939.dbf RECID=41STAMP=815067752

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_4_814107939.dbf RECID=42STAMP=815069267

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=44 STAMP=815070349

input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=45 STAMP=815071289

input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=46 STAMP=815071321

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1bo9bsa5_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_815069267.dbf RECID=44STAMP=815070349

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf RECID=45STAMP=815071289

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_4_815069267.dbf RECID=46STAMP=815071321

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=48 STAMP=815130519

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1co9bsa9_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_815071959.dbf RECID=48STAMP=815130519

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=47 STAMP=815071959

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1do9bsag_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_5_815069267.dbf RECID=47STAMP=815071959

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=49 STAMP=815132985

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1eo9bsai_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_815071959.dbf RECID=49STAMP=815132985

Finished backup at 11-MAY-13

Starting backup at 11-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set