溫馨提示×

溫馨提示×

您好,登錄后才能下訂單哦!

密碼登錄×
登錄注冊×
其他方式登錄
點擊 登錄注冊 即表示同意《億速云用戶服務條款》

binlog日志對于mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫重要性講析

發(fā)布時間:2020-04-27 11:51:20 來源:億速云 閱讀:455 作者:三月 欄目:MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫

本文主要給大家介紹binlog日志對于mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫重要性講析,希望可以給大家補充和更新些知識,如有其它問題需要了解的可以持續(xù)在億速云行業(yè)資訊里面關注我的更新文章的。

眾所周知,binlog日志對于mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫來說是十分重要的。在數(shù)據(jù)丟失的緊急情況下,我們往往會想到用binlog日志功能進行數(shù)據(jù)恢復(定時全備份+binlog日志恢復增量數(shù)據(jù)部分),化險為夷!

廢話不多說,下面是梳理的binlog日志操作解說:

一、初步了解binlog
MySQL的二進制日志binlog可以說是MySQL最重要的日志,它記錄了所有的DDL和DML語句(除了數(shù)據(jù)查詢語句select),以事件形式記錄,還包含語句所執(zhí)行的消耗的時間,MySQL的二進制日志是事務安全型的。

DDL
----Data Definition Language 數(shù)據(jù)庫定義語言
主要的命令有CREATE、ALTER、DROP等,DDL主要是用在定義或改變表(TABLE)的結(jié)構(gòu),數(shù)據(jù)類型,表之間的鏈接和約束等初始化工作上,他們大多在建立表時使用。

binlog日志對于mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫重要性講析

DML
----Data Manipulation Language 數(shù)據(jù)操縱語言
主要的命令是SELECT、UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE,就象它的名字一樣,這4條命令是用來對數(shù)據(jù)庫里的數(shù)據(jù)進行操作的語言

mysqlbinlog常見的選項有以下幾個:
--start-datetime:從二進制日志中讀取指定等于時間戳或者晚于本地計算機的時間
--stop-datetime:從二進制日志中讀取指定小于時間戳或者等于本地計算機的時間 取值和上述一樣
--start-position:從二進制日志中讀取指定position 事件位置作為開始。
--stop-position:從二進制日志中讀取指定position 事件位置作為事件截至


一般來說開啟binlog日志大概會有1%的性能損耗。
binlog日志有兩個最重要的使用場景:
1)MySQL主從復制:MySQL Replication在Master端開啟binlog,Master把它的二進制日志傳遞給slaves來達到
master-slave數(shù)據(jù)一致的目的。
2)自然就是數(shù)據(jù)恢復了,通過使用mysqlbinlog工具來使恢復數(shù)據(jù)。
binlog日志包括兩類文件:
1)二進制日志索引文件(文件名后綴為.index)用于記錄所有的二進制文件
2)二進制日志文件(文件名后綴為.00000*)記錄數(shù)據(jù)庫所有的DDL和DML(除了數(shù)據(jù)查詢語句select)語句事件。

二、開啟binlog日志:
1)編輯打開mysql配置文件/etc/mys.cnf
[root@vm-002 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld] 區(qū)塊添加
log-bin=mysql-bin 確認是打開狀態(tài)(mysql-bin 是日志的基本名或前綴名);

2)重啟mysqld服務使配置生效
[root@vm-002 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
[root@vm-002 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]

3)查看binlog日志是否開啟
mysql> show variables like 'log_%';
+---------------------------------+---------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------------------------+---------------------+
| log_bin | ON |
| log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF |
| log_bin_trust_routine_creators | OFF |
| log_error | /var/log/mysqld.log |
| log_output | FILE |
| log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF |
| log_slave_updates | OFF |
| log_slow_queries | OFF |
| log_warnings | 1 |
+---------------------------------+---------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

三、常用的binlog日志操作命令
1)查看所有binlog日志列表
mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 149 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 4102 |
+------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2)查看master狀態(tài),即最后(最新)一個binlog日志的編號名稱,及其最后一個操作事件pos結(jié)束點(Position)值
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 4102 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3)flush刷新log日志,自此刻開始產(chǎn)生一個新編號的binlog日志文件
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 149 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 4145 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 106 |
+------------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意:
每當mysqld服務重啟時,會自動執(zhí)行此命令,刷新binlog日志;在mysqldump備份數(shù)據(jù)時加 -F 選項也會刷新binlog日志;

4)重置(清空)所有binlog日志
mysql> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)

mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 106 |
+------------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

四、查看binlog日志內(nèi)容,常用有兩種方式:
1)使用mysqlbinlog自帶查看命令法:
注意:
-->binlog是二進制文件,普通文件查看器cat、more、vim等都無法打開,必須使用自帶的mysqlbinlog命令查看
-->binlog日志與數(shù)據(jù)庫文件在同目錄中
-->在MySQL5.5以下版本使用mysqlbinlog命令時如果報錯,就加上 “--no-defaults”選項

查看mysql的數(shù)據(jù)存放目錄,從下面結(jié)果可知是/var/lib//mysql
[root@vm-002 ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 9791 1 0 21:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql 9896 9791 0 21:18 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 9916 9699 0 21:18 pts/0 00:00:00 mysql -px xxxx
root 9919 9715 0 21:23 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color mysql

[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@vm-002 mysql]# ls
ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index mysql.sock ops test

使用mysqlbinlog命令查看binlog日志內(nèi)容,下面截取其中的一個片段分析:
[root@vm-002 mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000002
..............
#at 624
#160925 21:29:53 server id 1 end_log_pos 796 Query  thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1474810193/!/;
insert into member(name,sex,age,classid) values('wangshibo','m',27,'cls1'),('guohuihui','w',27,'cls2')        #執(zhí)行的sql語句
/!/;
#at 796
#160925 21:29:53 server id 1 end_log_pos 823 Xid = 17                  #執(zhí)行的時間
.............

解釋:
server id 1 : 數(shù)據(jù)庫主機的服務號;
end_log_pos 796: sql結(jié)束時的pos節(jié)點
thread_id=11: 線程號

2)上面這種辦法讀取出binlog日志的全文內(nèi)容比較多,不容易分辨查看到pos點信息
下面介紹一種更為方便的查詢命令:
命令格式:
mysql> show binlog events [IN 'log_name'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count];
參數(shù)解釋:
IN 'log_name' :指定要查詢的binlog文件名(不指定就是第一個binlog文件)
FROM pos :指定從哪個pos起始點開始查起(不指定就是從整個文件首個pos點開始算)
LIMIT [offset,] :偏移量(不指定就是0)
row_count :查詢總條數(shù)(不指定就是所有行)

mysql> show master logs;
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 125 |
| mysql-bin.000002 | 823 |
+------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002'\G;
1. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 4
Event_type: Format_desc
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 106
Info: Server ver: 5.1.73-log, Binlog ver: 4
2. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 106
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 188
Info: use ops; drop table customers
3. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 188
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 529
Info: use ops; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS member (
id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(16) NOT NULL,
sex enum('m','w') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'm',
age tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
classid char(6) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
4. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 529
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 596
Info: BEGIN
5. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 596
Event_type: Intvar
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 624
Info: INSERT_ID=1
6. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 624
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 796
Info: use ops; insert into member(name,sex,age,classid) values('wangshibo','m',27,'cls1'),('guohuihui','w',27,'cls2')
7. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000002
Pos: 796
Event_type: Xid
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 823
Info: COMMIT / xid=17 /
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

mysql>

上面這條語句可以將指定的binlog日志文件,分成有效事件行的方式返回,并可使用limit指定pos點的起始偏移,查詢條數(shù)!
如下操作示例:
a)查詢第一個(最早)的binlog日志:
mysql> show binlog events\G;

b)指定查詢 mysql-bin.000002這個文件:
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002'\G;

c)指定查詢 mysql-bin.000002這個文件,從pos點:624開始查起:
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002' from 624\G;

d)指定查詢 mysql-bin.000002這個文件,從pos點:624開始查起,查詢10條(即10條語句)
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002' from 624 limit 10\G;

e)指定查詢 mysql-bin.000002這個文件,從pos點:624開始查起,偏移2行(即中間跳過2個),查詢10條
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000002' from 624 limit 2,10\G;

五、利用binlog日志恢復mysql數(shù)據(jù)

以下對ops庫的member表進行操作
mysql> use ops;
mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS member (
-> id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name varchar(16) NOT NULL,
-> sex enum('m','w') NOT NULL DEFAULT 'm',
-> age tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL,
-> classid char(6) DEFAULT NULL,
-> PRIMARY KEY (id)
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| member |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc member;
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(16) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('m','w') | NO | | m | |
| age | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| classid | char(6) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

事先插入兩條數(shù)據(jù)
mysql> insert into member(name,sex,age,classid) values('wangshibo','m',27,'cls1'),('guohuihui','w',27,'cls2');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

下面開始進行場景模擬:
1)
ops庫會在每天凌晨4點進行一次完全備份的定時計劃任務,如下:
[root@vm-002 ~]# crontab -l
0 4 * /usr/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p -B -F -R -x --master-data=2 ops|gzip >/opt/backup/ops_$(date +%F).sql.gz

這里手動執(zhí)行下,將ops數(shù)據(jù)庫備份到/opt/backup/ops$(date +%F).sql.gz文件中:
[root@vm-002 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -B -F -R -x --master-data=2 ops|gzip >/opt/backup/ops
$(date +%F).sql.gz
Enter password:
[root@vm-002 ~]# ls /opt/backup/
ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz

參數(shù)說明:
-B:指定數(shù)據(jù)庫
-F:刷新日志
-R:備份存儲過程等
-x:鎖表
--master-data:在備份語句里添加CHANGE MASTER語句以及binlog文件及位置點信息

待到數(shù)據(jù)庫備份完成,就不用擔心數(shù)據(jù)丟失了,因為有完全備份數(shù)據(jù)在??!

由于上面在全備份的時候使用了-F選項,那么當數(shù)據(jù)備份操作剛開始的時候系統(tǒng)就會自動刷新log,這樣就會自動產(chǎn)生
一個新的binlog日志,這個新的binlog日志就會用來記錄備份之后的數(shù)據(jù)庫“增刪改”操作
查看一下:
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 106 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

也就是說, mysql-bin.000003 是用來記錄4:00之后對數(shù)據(jù)庫的所有“增刪改”操作。

2)
早上9點上班了,由于業(yè)務的需求會對數(shù)據(jù)庫進行各種“增刪改”操作。
比如:在ops庫下member表內(nèi)插入、修改了數(shù)據(jù)等等:

先是早上進行插入數(shù)據(jù):
mysql> insert into ops.member(name,sex,age,classid) values('yiyi','w',20,'cls1'),('xiaoer','m',22,'cls3'),('zhangsan','w',21,'cls5'),('lisi','m',20,'cls4'),('wangwu','w',26,'cls6');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | xiaoer | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3)
中午又執(zhí)行了修改數(shù)據(jù)操作:
mysql> update ops.member set name='李四' where id=4;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> update ops.member set name='小二' where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | 小二 | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4)
在下午18:00的時候,悲劇莫名其妙的出現(xiàn)了!
手賤執(zhí)行了drop語句,直接刪除了ops庫!嚇尿!
mysql> drop database ops;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

5)
這種時候,一定不要慌張?。?!
先仔細查看最后一個binlog日志,并記錄下關鍵的pos點,到底是哪個pos點的操作導致了數(shù)據(jù)庫的破壞(通常在最后幾步);

先備份一下最后一個binlog日志文件:
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@vm-002 mysql]# cp -v mysql-bin.000003 /opt/backup/
mysql-bin.000003' ->/opt/backup/mysql-bin.000003'
[root@vm-002 mysql]# ls /opt/backup/
mysql-bin.000003 ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz

接著執(zhí)行一次刷新日志索引操作,重新開始新的binlog日志記錄文件。按理說mysql-bin.000003
這個文件不會再有后續(xù)寫入了,因為便于我們分析原因及查找ops節(jié)點,以后所有數(shù)據(jù)庫操作都會寫入到下一個日志文件。
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 106 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6)
讀取binlog日志,分析問題。
讀取binlog日志的方法上面已經(jīng)說到。
方法一:使用mysqlbinlog讀取binlog日志:
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@vm-002 mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003

方法二:登錄云服務器,并查看(推薦此種方法)
mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000003';

+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 106 | Server ver: 5.1.73-log, Binlog ver: 4 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 106 | Query | 1 | 173 | BEGIN |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 173 | Intvar | 1 | 201 | INSERT_ID=3 |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 201 | Query | 1 | 444 | use ops; insert into ops.member(name,sex,age,gsan','w',21,'cls5'),('lisi','m',20,'cls4'),('wangwu','w',26,'cls6') |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 444 | Xid | 1 | 471 | COMMIT /* xid=66 */ |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 471 | Query | 1 | 538 | BEGIN |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 538 | Query | 1 | 646 | useops; update ops.member set name='李四' where id= |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 646 | Xid | 1 | 673 | COMMIT /* xid=68 */ |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 673 | Query | 1 | 740 | BEGIN |<br/>| mysql-bin.000003 | 740 | Query | 1 | 848 | useops`; update ops.member set name='小二' where id= |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 848 | Xid | 1 | 875 | COMMIT / xid=69 / |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 875 | Query | 1 | 954 | drop database ops |
| mysql-bin.000003 | 954 | Rotate | 1 | 997 | mysql-bin.000004;pos=4 |
+------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

或者:

mysql> show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000003'\G;
.........
.........
12. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000003
Pos: 875
Event_type: Query
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 954
Info: drop database ops
13. row
Log_name: mysql-bin.000003
Pos: 954
Event_type: Rotate
Server_id: 1
End_log_pos: 997
Info: mysql-bin.000004;pos=4
13 rows in set (0.00 sec)

通過分析,造成數(shù)據(jù)庫破壞的pos點區(qū)間是介于 875--954 之間(這是按照日志區(qū)間的pos節(jié)點算的),只要恢復到875前就可。

7)
先把凌晨4點全備份的數(shù)據(jù)恢復:
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /opt/backup/
[root@vm-002 backup]# ls
mysql-bin.000003 ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz
[root@vm-002 backup]# gzip -d ops_2016-09-25.sql.gz
[root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p -v < ops_2016-09-25.sql
Enter password:

/!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT /


/!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS /

.............
.............


/!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES /

這樣就恢復了截至當日凌晨(4:00)前的備份數(shù)據(jù)都恢復了。

mysql> show databases;                        #發(fā)現(xiàn)ops庫已經(jīng)恢復回來了
mysql> use ops;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_ops |
+---------------+
| member |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

但是這僅僅只是恢復了當天凌晨4點之前的數(shù)據(jù),在4:00--18:00之間的數(shù)據(jù)還沒有恢復回來??!
怎么辦呢?
莫慌!這可以根據(jù)前面提到的mysql-bin.000003的新binlog日志進行恢復。

8)
從binlog日志恢復數(shù)據(jù)
恢復命令的語法格式:
mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.0000xx | mysql -u用戶名 -p密碼 數(shù)據(jù)庫名


常用參數(shù)選項解釋:
--start-position=875 起始pos點
--stop-position=954 結(jié)束pos點
--start-datetime="2016-9-25 22:01:08" 起始時間點
--stop-datetime="2019-9-25 22:09:46" 結(jié)束時間點
--database=zyyshop 指定只恢復zyyshop數(shù)據(jù)庫(一臺主機上往往有多個數(shù)據(jù)庫,只限本地log日志)


不常用選項:
-u --user=name 連接到遠程主機的用戶名
-p --password[=name] 連接到遠程主機的密碼
-h --host=name 從遠程主機上獲取binlog日志
--read-from-remote-server 從某個MySQL服務器上讀取binlog日志

小結(jié):實際是將讀出的binlog日志內(nèi)容,通過管道符傳遞給mysql命令。這些命令、文件盡量寫成絕對路徑;

a)完全恢復(需要手動vim編輯mysql-bin.000003,將那條drop語句剔除掉)
[root@vm-002 backup]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

b)指定pos結(jié)束點恢復(部分恢復):
--stop-position=471 pos結(jié)束節(jié)點(按照事務區(qū)間算,是471)
注意:
此pos結(jié)束節(jié)點介于“member表原始數(shù)據(jù)”與更新“name='李四'”之前的數(shù)據(jù),這樣就可以恢復到更改“name='李四'”之前的數(shù)據(jù)了。
操作如下:
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --stop-position=471 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | xiaoer | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

恢復截止到更改“name='李四'”之間的數(shù)據(jù)(按照事務區(qū)間算,是673)
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --stop-position=673 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

c)指定pso點區(qū)間恢復(部分恢復):
更新 name='李四' 這條數(shù)據(jù),日志區(qū)間是Pos[538] --> End_log_pos[646],按事務區(qū)間是:Pos[471] --> End_log_pos[673]

更新 name='小二' 這條數(shù)據(jù),日志區(qū)間是Pos[740] --> End_log_pos[848],按事務區(qū)間是:Pos[673] --> End_log_pos[875]

c1)
單獨恢復 name='李四' 這步操作,可這樣:
按照binlog日志區(qū)間單獨恢復:
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=538 --stop-position=646 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

按照事務區(qū)間單獨恢復
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=471 --stop-position=673 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

c2)
單獨恢復 name='小二' 這步操作,可這樣:
按照binlog日志區(qū)間單獨恢復:
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=740 --stop-position=848 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

按照事務區(qū)間單獨恢復
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=673 --stop-position=875 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

c3)
將 name='李四'、name='小二' 多步操作一起恢復,需要按事務區(qū)間,可這樣:
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-position=471 --stop-position=875 --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

查看數(shù)據(jù)庫:
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | 小二 | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這樣,就恢復了刪除前的數(shù)據(jù)狀態(tài)了??!


另外:
也可指定時間節(jié)點區(qū)間恢復(部分恢復):
除了用pos節(jié)點的辦法進行恢復,也可以通過指定時間節(jié)點區(qū)間進行恢復,按時間恢復需要用mysqlbinlog命令讀取binlog日志內(nèi)容,找時間節(jié)點。

如上,誤刪除ops庫后:
先進行全備份恢復
[root@vm-002 backup]# mysql -uroot -p -v < ops_2016-09-25.sql

查看ops數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

查看mysq-bin00003日志,找出時間節(jié)點
[root@vm-002 ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@vm-002 mysql]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003
.............
.............
BEGIN
/!/;
#at 173
#160925 21:57:19 server id 1 end_log_pos 201 Intvar
SET INSERT_ID=3/!/;
#at 201
#160925 21:57:19 server id 1 end_log_pos 444 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use ops/!/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811839/!/;
insert into ops.member(name,sex,age,classid) values('yiyi','w',20,'cls1'),('xiaoer','m',22,'cls3'),('zhangsan','w',21,'cls5'),('lisi','m',20,'cls4'),('wangwu','w',26,'cls6')                               #執(zhí)行的sql語句
/!/;
#at 444
#160925 21:57:19 server id 1 end_log_pos 471 Xid = 66    #開始執(zhí)行的時間
COMMIT/!/;
#at 471
#160925 21:58:41 server id 1 end_log_pos 538 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0    #結(jié)束時間
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811921/!/;
BEGIN
/!/;
#at 538
#160925 21:58:41 server id 1 end_log_pos 646 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811921/!/;
update ops.member set name='李四' where id=4     #執(zhí)行的sql語句
/!/;
#at 646
#160925 21:58:41 server id 1 end_log_pos 673 Xid = 68    #開始執(zhí)行的時間
COMMIT/!/;
#at 673
#160925 21:58:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 740 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0   #結(jié)束時間
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811936/!/;
BEGIN
/!/;
#at 740
#160925 21:58:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 848 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1474811936/!/;
update ops.member set name='小二' where id=2      #執(zhí)行的sql語句
/!/;
#at 848
#160925 21:58:56 server id 1 end_log_pos 875 Xid = 69   #開始執(zhí)行的時間
COMMIT/!/;
#at 875
#160925 22:01:08 server id 1 end_log_pos 954 Query thread_id=3 exec_time=0 error_code=0    #結(jié)束時間
SET TIMESTAMP=1474812068/!/;
drop database ops
/!/;
#at 954
#160925 22:09:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 997 Rotate to mysql-bin.000004 pos: 4
DELIMITER ;
#End of log file
ROLLBACK / added by mysqlbinlog /;
/!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE/;

恢復到更改“name='李四'”之前的數(shù)據(jù)
[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2016-09-25 21:57:19" --stop-datetime="2016-09-25 21:58:41" --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops

mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | xiaoer | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2016-09-25 21:58:41" --stop-datetime="2016-09-25 21:58:56" --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | guohuihui | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

[root@vm-002 ~]# /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2016-09-25 21:58:56" --stop-datetime="2016-09-25 22:01:08" --database=ops /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000003 | /usr/bin/mysql -uroot -p123456 -v ops
mysql> select * from member;
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| id | name | sex | age | classid |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
| 1 | wangshibo | m | 27 | cls1 |
| 2 | 小二 | w | 27 | cls2 |
| 3 | yiyi | w | 20 | cls1 |
| 4 | 李四 | m | 22 | cls3 |
| 5 | zhangsan | w | 21 | cls5 |
| 6 | lisi | m | 20 | cls4 |
| 7 | wangwu | w | 26 | cls6 |
+----+-----------+-----+-----+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

這樣,就恢復了刪除前的狀態(tài)了!

總結(jié):
所謂恢復,就是讓mysql將保存在binlog日志中指定段落區(qū)間的sql語句逐個重新執(zhí)行一次而已。

看了以上關于binlog日志對于mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫重要性講析,希望能給大家在實際運用中帶來一定的幫助。本文由于篇幅有限,難免會有不足和需要補充的地方,如有需要更加專業(yè)的解答,可在官網(wǎng)聯(lián)系我們的24小時售前售后,隨時幫您解答問題的。

 

向AI問一下細節(jié)

免責聲明:本站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容(圖片、視頻和文字)以原創(chuàng)、轉(zhuǎn)載和分享為主,文章觀點不代表本網(wǎng)站立場,如果涉及侵權請聯(lián)系站長郵箱:is@yisu.com進行舉報,并提供相關證據(jù),一經(jīng)查實,將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權內(nèi)容。

AI