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無(wú)論哪種編程語(yǔ)言,時(shí)間肯定都是非常重要的部分,今天來(lái)看一下python如何來(lái)處理時(shí)間和python定時(shí)任務(wù)
注意:本篇所講是python3版本的實(shí)現(xiàn),在python2版本中的實(shí)現(xiàn)略有不同
1.計(jì)算明天和昨天的日期
#! /usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8# 獲取今天、昨天和明天的日期# 引入datetime模塊import datetime #計(jì)算今天的時(shí)間today = datetime.date.today()#計(jì)算昨天的時(shí)間 yesterday = today - datetime.timedelta(days = 1)#計(jì)算明天的時(shí)間tomorrow = today + datetime.timedelta(days = 1) #打印這三個(gè)時(shí)間print(yesterday, today, tomorrow)
2.計(jì)算上一個(gè)的時(shí)間
方法一:
#! /usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8# 計(jì)算上一個(gè)的時(shí)間#引入datetime,calendar兩個(gè)模塊import datetime,calendar last_friday = datetime.date.today() oneday = datetime.timedelta(days = 1) while last_friday.weekday() != calendar.FRIDAY: last_friday -= oneday print(last_friday.strftime('%A, %d-%b-%Y'))
方法二:借助模運(yùn)算尋找上一個(gè)星期五
#! /usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8# 借助模運(yùn)算,可以一次算出需要減去的天數(shù),計(jì)算上一個(gè)星期五#同樣引入datetime,calendar兩個(gè)模塊import datetime import calendar today = datetime.date.today() target_day = calendar.FRIDAY this_day = today.weekday() delta_to_target = (this_day - target_day) % 7last_friday = today - datetime.timedelta(days = delta_to_target) print(last_friday.strftime("%d-%b-%Y"))
3.計(jì)算歌曲的總播放時(shí)間
#! /usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8# 獲取一個(gè)列表中的所有歌曲的播放時(shí)間之和 import datetime def total_timer(times): td = datetime.timedelta(0) duration = sum([datetime.timedelta(minutes = m, seconds = s) for m, s in times], td) return duration times1 = [(2, 36), (3, 35), (3, 45), ] times2 = [(3, 0), (5, 13), (4, 12), (1, 10), ] assert total_timer(times1) == datetime.timedelta(0, 596) assert total_timer(times2) == datetime.timedelta(0, 815) print("Tests passed.\n" "First test total: %s\n" "Second test total: %s" % (total_timer(times1), total_timer(times2)))
4.反復(fù)執(zhí)行某個(gè)命令
#! /usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8# 以需要的時(shí)間間隔執(zhí)行某個(gè)命令 import time, os def re_exe(cmd, inc = 60): while True: os.system(cmd); time.sleep(inc) re_exe("echo %time%", 5)
5.定時(shí)任務(wù)
#! /usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8#這里需要引入三個(gè)模塊import time, os, sched # 第一個(gè)參數(shù)確定任務(wù)的時(shí)間,返回從某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)歷的秒數(shù) # 第二個(gè)參數(shù)以某種人為的方式衡量時(shí)間 schedule = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep) def perform_command(cmd, inc): os.system(cmd) def timming_exe(cmd, inc = 60): # enter用來(lái)安排某事件的發(fā)生時(shí)間,從現(xiàn)在起第n秒開(kāi)始啟動(dòng) schedule.enter(inc, 0, perform_command, (cmd, inc)) # 持續(xù)運(yùn)行,直到計(jì)劃時(shí)間隊(duì)列變成空為止 schedule.run() print("show time after 10 seconds:") timming_exe("echo %time%", 10)
6.利用sched實(shí)現(xiàn)周期調(diào)用
#! /usr/bin/env python#coding=utf-8import time, os, sched # 第一個(gè)參數(shù)確定任務(wù)的時(shí)間,返回從某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)歷的秒數(shù) # 第二個(gè)參數(shù)以某種人為的方式衡量時(shí)間 schedule = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep) def perform_command(cmd, inc): # 安排inc秒后再次運(yùn)行自己,即周期運(yùn)行 schedule.enter(inc, 0, perform_command, (cmd, inc)) os.system(cmd) def timming_exe(cmd, inc = 60): # enter用來(lái)安排某事件的發(fā)生時(shí)間,從現(xiàn)在起第n秒開(kāi)始啟動(dòng) schedule.enter(inc, 0, perform_command, (cmd, inc)) # 持續(xù)運(yùn)行,直到計(jì)劃時(shí)間隊(duì)列變成空為止 schedule.run() print("show time after 10 seconds:") timming_exe("echo %time%", 10)
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