Appium的代碼實(shí)例及日志分析

本文內(nèi)容：

1. Android及IOS基于TestNG的代碼結(jié)構(gòu)示例，

2. 常用的元素定位方式的介紹

3. 部分項(xiàng)目中使用的功能代碼示例

4. Appium日志的具體分析

5. 部分需要理解的概念

Android示例代碼(TestNG)：

public class AndroidTest {
    protected AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver;
    URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");
    
    @BeforeSuite
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
        capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "AndroidPhone");
        capabilities.setCapability(AndroidMobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE, "com.example.dev");
        capabilities.setCapability(AndroidMobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY, ".MainActivity");
        capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.NO_RESET, true);
        ......
        driver = new AndroidDriver<>(url, capabilities);
    }
    
    @AfterSuite
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
    }
    
    @Test
    public void test_001(){}//Test Case One
    @Test
    public void test_002(){}//Test Case Two
}

IOS示例代碼(TestNG)：

public abstract class IOSTest {
    protected IOSDriver<MobileElement> driver;
    URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");
    
    @BeforeSuite
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
        capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, "iOS");
        capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "10.3");
        capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "My iPhone 6");
        capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID, "c4ef2cbc8a1b39123838a8ad9fdea45547e44c20");
        capabilities.setCapability(IOSMobileCapabilityType.BUNDLE_ID, "com.example.dev");
        ......
        driver = new IOSDriver<>(url, capabilities);
    }
}

常用的元素定位方式：

Android：

IOS：

AccessibilityId

appium移除了在Selenium上常用的name和tagname定位方式

IOS上表示Accessibility Identifier，通常和Name、Label屬性相同

Android上表示content description

交互操作

MobileElement：交互的對(duì)象，對(duì)應(yīng)于Android中的一個(gè)View對(duì)象

點(diǎn)擊：element.click();

輸入：element.sendKeys("text");

滑動(dòng)：driver.swipe()

點(diǎn)擊：driver.tap();

等待方式：

//隱式等待

//全局設(shè)定查找元素時(shí)的等待時(shí)間，找不到會(huì)嘗試10秒內(nèi)間隔查找，找到了繼續(xù)

//這里設(shè)定的值對(duì)driver的整個(gè)生命周期起作用，從現(xiàn)在開始到下次修改，每次查找都是10秒。

driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

//顯式等待

//僅僅這次，指明最多等待5秒，指明結(jié)束條件為找到元素id=bt_next。超時(shí)拋出TimeoutException。

WebElement e = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(

ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("bt_next")));

//強(qiáng)行等待

//線程直接暫停，適合于單純的等待。不查找元素

Thread.sleep(3000)

DesiredCapabilities

這是一個(gè)key-value的集合，用于告訴服務(wù)器建立連接的設(shè)備信息，不同平臺(tái)有所不同。appium支持許多的屬性設(shè)置，可以到官網(wǎng)做個(gè)全面的了解。

MobileCapabilityType：不同平臺(tái)共用

AndroidMobileCapabilityType：Android專用

IOSMobileCapabilityType：IOS專用

Android一般至少需要：

1、platformName

2、platformVersion

3、deviceName

4、appPackage

5、appActivity

IOS一般至少需要：

1、platformName

2、platformVersion

3、deviceName

4、udid

5、bundleId

部分代碼示例

//對(duì)于彈出的權(quán)限對(duì)話框，如果找到Allow按鈕則一直點(diǎn)擊Allow。
protected void grantPermissionIfPrompt() {
    int count = 0;//at most five times grant
    MobileElement allowBtn = findElement(By.id(ConstConfig.ALLOW_BUTTON));
    while (allowBtn != null && count++ < 5) {//at most 5 time to try
        allowBtn.click();
        allowBtn = findElement(By.id(ConstConfig.ALLOW_BUTTON));
    }
}

//向上滑動(dòng)列表，直到找到目標(biāo)元素
static public MobileElement scrollDownUnitFound(AndroidDriver<MobileElement> driver, String content) throws Exception {
    int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth();
    int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight();
    int count = 0;
    String xpathStr = createXpathDesc(content);
    do {
        if (driver.findElementsByXPath(xpathStr).size() > 0) {
            //in case of the element is still hiding, or the element is showing only a little part of it.
            driver.swipe(width / 2, height / 2, width / 2, height / 3, 600);
            Thread.sleep(1000);//sleep 1 second to avoid getting the element in the wrong position.
            return driver.findElementsByXPath(xpathStr).get(0);
        }
        driver.swipe(width / 2, height / 2, width / 2, height / 4, 600);
        count++;
    } while (count < 20);
    return null;
}

//生成xpath字符串
static public String createXpathDesc(String content) {
    return ".//*[@text='" + content + "']";
}

//滑動(dòng)找到元素，并點(diǎn)擊其左側(cè)的CheckBox。CheckBox沒有id，也不適合用classname，因?yàn)椴恢朗堑趲讉€(gè)，只能借助相鄰元素坐標(biāo)偏移。
MobileElement el = AndroidHelper.scrollDownUnitFound(driver, voteTarget);
if (el != null) {//find the checkbox to the left of the founded target.
    int targetX = el.getLocation().getX() - 20;
    int targetY = el.getLocation().getY() + 1;//event +0 is working
    System.out.println("coordinates：x = " + targetX + "    y = " + targetY);
    driver.tap(1, targetX, targetY, 300);
}

日志分析（Appium on AWS Device Farm）：

Appium是Client/Server結(jié)構(gòu)的，所以每一次操作都是以Client向Server發(fā)送http請(qǐng)求開始，以Server向Client發(fā)送http響應(yīng)結(jié)束。查閱日志可以按這個(gè)規(guī)律過濾不必要的信息。

Android日志分析:

driver.findElement(By.id("compose_button")).click();

(Adnroid)findElement操作日志：

2017-09-19 04:06:27:278 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element {"using":"id","value":"compose_button"}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:278 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.findElement() with args: ["id","compose_button","acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f"]
2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, class name, accessibility id, -android uiautomator
2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, class name, accessibility id, -android uiautomator
2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Waiting up to 3000 ms for condition
2017-09-19 04:06:27:280 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Sending command to android: {"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"compose_button","context":"","multiple":false}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"compose_button","context":"","multiple":false}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command of type ACTION
2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command action: find
2017-09-19 04:06:27:311 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Finding 'compose_button' using 'ID' with the contextId: '' multiple: false
2017-09-19 04:06:27:311 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Using: UiSelector[INSTANCE=0, RESOURCE_ID=com.example.hello:id/compose_button]
2017-09-19 04:06:27:329 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Returning result: {"status":0,"value":{"ELEMENT":"9"}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:330 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Received command result from bootstrap
2017-09-19 04:06:27:330 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.findElement() result: {"ELEMENT":"9"}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:344 - [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element 200 53 ms - 87

(Android)click操作日志：

2017-09-19 04:06:27:348 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element/9/click {"id":"9"}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:348 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.click() with args: ["9","acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f"]
2017-09-19 04:06:27:359 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Sending command to android: {"cmd":"action","action":"element:click","params":{"elementId":"9"}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:375 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"element:click","params":{"elementId":"9"}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:391 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command of type ACTION
2017-09-19 04:06:27:391 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command action: click
2017-09-19 04:06:27:876 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Received command result from bootstrap
2017-09-19 04:06:27:876 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.click() result: true
2017-09-19 04:06:27:880 - [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element/9/click 200 529 ms - 76

IOS日志分析：

driver.findByAccessibilityId("Compose").click();

(IOS)findElement操作日志：

2017-09-19 07:19:36:259 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element {"using":"accessibility id","value":"Compose"}
2017-09-19 07:19:36:259 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.findElement() with args: ["accessibility id","Compose","bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93"]
2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [XCUITest] Executing command 'findElement'
2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, name, class name, -ios predicate string, -ios class chain, accessibility id
2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Waiting up to 3000 ms for condition
2017-09-19 07:19:36:261 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Proxying [POST /element] to [POST http://127.0.0.1:8100/session/3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B/element] with body: {"using":"accessibility id","value":"Compose"}
2017-09-19 07:19:37:826 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Got response with status 200: {"value":{"ELEMENT":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","type":"XCUIElementTypeButton","label":"Compose"},"sessionId":"3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B","status":0}
2017-09-19 07:19:37:829 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.findElement() result: {"ELEMENT":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","type":"XCUIElementTypeButton","label":"Compose"}
2017-09-19 07:19:37:843 - [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element 200 1570 ms - 171

(IOS)click操作日志：

2017-09-19 07:19:37:869 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click {"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A"}
2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [MJSONWP] Driver proxy active, passing request on via HTTP proxy
2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [debug] [XCUITest] Executing command 'proxyReqRes'
2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Proxying [POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click] to [POST http://127.0.0.1:8100/session/3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click] with body: {"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A"}
2017-09-19 07:19:39:829 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Got response with status 200: {"status":0,"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","value":"","sessionId":"3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B"}
2017-09-19 07:19:39:829 - [JSONWP Proxy] Replacing sessionId 3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B with bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93
2017-09-19 07:19:39:834 - [HTTP] <-- POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click 200 1960 ms - 118