Mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫操作命令

MySQL作為最常用的數(shù)據(jù)庫之一?？偨Y(jié)一些常用命令便于日常使用。
一、關(guān)于庫的操作

1、查看數(shù)據(jù)庫

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| ty                 |
| womenscms3         |
+--------------------+

2、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫并設(shè)置字符編碼為utf8

mysql> create database test001 default character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

3、刪庫（慎重操作）

mysql> drop database womenscms3;
Query OK, 112 rows affected (3.94 sec)

4、用戶授權(quán)

mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

5、查看用戶權(quán)限

mysql> show grants for root;
+-------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@%                         |
+-------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='root'\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                  Host: localhost
                  User: root
           Select_priv: Y
           Insert_priv: Y
           Update_priv: Y
           Delete_priv: Y
           Create_priv: Y
             Drop_priv: Y
           Reload_priv: Y
         Shutdown_priv: Y
          Process_priv: Y
             File_priv: Y
            Grant_priv: Y
       References_priv: Y
            Index_priv: Y
            Alter_priv: Y
          Show_db_priv: Y
            Super_priv: Y
 Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
      Lock_tables_priv: Y
          Execute_priv: Y
       Repl_slave_priv: Y
      Repl_client_priv: Y
      Create_view_priv: Y
        Show_view_priv: Y
   Create_routine_priv: Y
    Alter_routine_priv: Y
      Create_user_priv: Y
            Event_priv: Y
          Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
              ssl_type: 
            ssl_cipher: 
           x509_issuer: 
          x509_subject: 
         max_questions: 0
           max_updates: 0
       max_connections: 0
  max_user_connections: 0
                plugin: mysql_native_password
 authentication_string: *F846B31F10DD4389C384272E70B9BBA3AD9E1F94
      password_expired: N
 password_last_changed: 2019-06-24 18:10:54
     password_lifetime: NULL
        account_locked: N

常用命令

create database name; 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫
use databasename; 選擇數(shù)據(jù)庫
drop database name; 直接刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫，不提醒
show tables; 顯示表
describe tablename; 表的詳細(xì)描述
select 中加上distinct去除重復(fù)字段

顯示當(dāng)前mysql版本和當(dāng)前日期
select version(),current_date;

修改mysql中root的密碼：
shell>mysql -u root -p
mysql> update user set password=password(“root123″) where user=’root’;
mysql> flush privileges  刷新權(quán)限
mysql>use dbname； 打開數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql>show databases; 顯示所有數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql>show tables; 顯示數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql中所有的表
mysql>desc user; 顯示表mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫中user表的列信息）
 grant
創(chuàng)建一個可以從任何地方連接到服務(wù)器的一個超管賬戶，必須分配一個密碼
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'user_name'@'localhost' identified by  'password' ;
格式：grant select on 數(shù)據(jù)庫.* to 用戶名@登錄主機(jī) identified by “密碼”

刪除授權(quán)：
mysql> revoke all privileges on *.* from root@”%”;
mysql> delete from user where user=”root” and host=”%”;
mysql> flush privileges;

重命名表:
mysql > alter table t1 rename t2;

備份：
mysqldump -hhostname -uusername -ppassword databasename > backup.sql;

恢復(fù)：
mysql -hhostname -uusername -ppassword databasename< backup.sql;

附錄
mysql文件分布
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld:MySQL服務(wù)器啟動腳本
/usr/bin/mysqlshow:顯示數(shù)據(jù)庫、表和列信息
/usr/libexec/mysqld:服務(wù)器的進(jìn)程程序文件
/usr/libexec/mysqlmanager:實(shí)例管理程序文件
/usr/share/doc/:存放說明文件的目錄
/usr/share/man/man 1/......:存放手冊頁的目m錄
/var/lib/mysql/:服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)庫文件存儲目錄
/var/log/mysqld.log:MySQL服務(wù)器的日志文件