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Oracle 11gR2 使用 RMAN duplicate from active database 復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù)庫

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2020-08-09 18:10:52 來源：ITPUB博客閱讀：237 作者：531968912 欄目：關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫

在Oracle 10g下，我們可以使用RMAN duplicate 命令創(chuàng)建一個(gè)具有不同DBID 的復(fù)制庫。到了Oracle 11gR2， RMAN 的duplicate 有2種方法實(shí)現(xiàn)：

1. Active database duplication

2. Backup-based duplication

Active database duplication 通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)，直接copy target 庫到auxiliary 庫，然后創(chuàng)建復(fù)制庫。這種方法就不需要先用RMAN 備份數(shù)據(jù)庫，然后將備份文件發(fā)送到auxiliary端。

這個(gè)功能的作用是非常大的。尤其是對(duì)T級(jí)別的庫。因?yàn)閷?duì)這樣的庫進(jìn)行備份，然后將備份集發(fā)送到備庫，在進(jìn)行duplicate 的代價(jià)是非常大的。一備份要占用時(shí)間，二要占用備份空間，三在網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送的時(shí)候，還需要占用帶寬和時(shí)間。所以Active database duplicate 很好的解決了以上的問題。它對(duì)大庫的遷移非常有用。

如果是從RAC duplicate 到單實(shí)例，操作是一樣的。如果是從單實(shí)例duplicate 到RAC。那么先duplicate 到單實(shí)例。然后將單實(shí)例轉(zhuǎn)換成RAC。

Oracle 10g 下Rman duplicate 的例子參考：

RMAN 異機(jī) 復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù)庫

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/20/5749932.aspx

下面我們看一下11gR2下，Active Database Duplicate的步驟如下：

1. 創(chuàng)建Auxiliary 庫的Initialization Parameter：

如果使用spfile，那么在pfile文件里只需要設(shè)置一個(gè)DB_NAME參數(shù)，其他參數(shù)會(huì)在duplicate 命令中自己設(shè)置。

如果使用pfile，那么需要設(shè)置如下參數(shù)：

DB_NAME

CONTROL_FILES

DB_BLOCK_SIZE

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

2. 在Auxiliary庫創(chuàng)建Password File 文件

對(duì)于Backup-based duplication，Password File 不是必須的，但是對(duì)于Active Database Duplication，Password File是必須的。因?yàn)?span lang="EN-US">Active Database Duplication 使用相同的SYSDBA 密碼直接連接到auxiliary 庫。所以，確保target 和Auxiliary庫的SYSDBA 密碼一樣很重要。

當(dāng)然，我們也可以在duplicate 命令中加上PASSWORD FILE 選項(xiàng)（也是默認(rèn)值），這樣RMAN 在copy 的時(shí)候也會(huì)從target 庫把密碼文件copy過來，如果auxiliary庫上已經(jīng)存在了Password file，那么該操作會(huì)重寫那個(gè)文件。

如：

RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO Dave

2> FROM ACTIVE DATABASE

3> NOFILENAMECHECK

4> PASSWORD FILE

5> SPFILE;

3. 如果是windows 平臺(tái)，還需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建Database service：

% set ORACLE_SID=DAVE
% set ORACLE_HOME=E:/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
% oradim -NEW -SID DAVE

4. 配置oracle net，修改listener.ora和the tnsnames.ora 文件：

在Target 庫和Auxiliary 都要修改。這個(gè)也可以使用netca 和netmgr命令配置。

Listener.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

)

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

)

tnsname.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

5. 用第一步創(chuàng)建的pfile文件，將Auxiliary啟動(dòng)到nomout 狀態(tài)。然后進(jìn)行Active Database duplicate。

我們看一個(gè)完整的復(fù)制示例：

Target DB：

IP: 192.168.2.42

SID：orcl

Auxiliary：

IP：192.168.2.43

SID:orcl

我這里復(fù)制的目錄相同。如果不同的話需要在pfile里面加入db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert.

1. 在Auxiliary 創(chuàng)建pfile 參數(shù)文件：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora

DB_NAME=orcl

只有一個(gè)參數(shù)： DB_NAME

2. 在Auxiliary庫上創(chuàng)建口令文件

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 admin]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapworcl password=oracle

3. 在Auxiliary庫創(chuàng)建相關(guān)的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

不然在duplicate時(shí)會(huì)報(bào)如下錯(cuò)誤：

ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"

ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file

4. 啟動(dòng)Auxiliary 到nomout 狀態(tài)：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Mar 8 00:28:48 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

SQL>

5. 在Target 和Auxiliary 都配置Oracle Net（Listener.ora and tnsnames.ora）：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

)

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

)

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

)

6. 開始RMAN duplicate from active database：

注意：如果target 和 Auxiliary庫的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)相同，記得加上nofilenamecheck參數(shù)，不然會(huì)報(bào)如下錯(cuò)誤：

RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database

如果目錄不同，在pfile里加如下2個(gè)參數(shù)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換：

db_file_name_convert

log_file_name_convert.

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_st

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 01:01:42 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database to orcl from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "create spfile from memory";

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

contents of Memory Script:

{

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "alter system set db_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone force nomount

backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/cntrlorcl.dbf';

alter clone database mount;

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=43 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying current control file

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T010214 RECID=3 STAMP=745203735

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

database mounted

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for datafile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 2 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 3 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile 4 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

backup as copy reuse

datafile 1 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf" datafile

2 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf" datafile

3 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf" datafile

4 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf" ;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

--在這里開始copy 數(shù)據(jù)文件，比較慢。

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy reuse

archivelog like "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_03_08/o1_mf_1_7_6qb3zyoo_.arc" auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf" ;

catalog clone archivelog "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=745203841

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0

channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

cataloged archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203848

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

set until scn 844147;

recover

clone database

delete archivelog

;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf thread=1 sequence=7

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 08-MAR-11

contents of Memory Script:

{

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

sql clone "alter system set db_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORCL'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 146472960 bytes

Fixed Size 1335080 bytes

Variable Size 92274904 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 2531328 bytes

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,

GROUP 2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE,

GROUP 3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M REUSE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for tempfile 1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";

switch clone tempfile all;

catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf",

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf",

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203867

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

Alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

database opened

Finished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

RMAN>

復(fù)制結(jié)束。查詢：

Target 庫：

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

NAME DBID

--------- ----------

ORCL 1272955137

Auxiliary庫：

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

NAME DBID

--------- ----------

ORCL 1272984602

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