oracle的控制文件深入理解（一）

Oracle的control文件

這里我們要實(shí)驗(yàn)的是數(shù)據(jù)庫在open的狀態(tài)下，破快控制文件，數(shù)據(jù)庫會不會down

查看controlfiles的路徑

SQL> show parameter control_files

NAME                          TYPE                  VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_files               string                   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

破壞控制文件

[oracle@togogo ~]$ cat /dev/null > /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

[oracle@togogo ~]$ cat /dev/null > /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)庫的狀態(tài)

SQL> select * from dual;

D

-

X

#### 做檢查點(diǎn)，切換redo log

 SQL> alter system checkpoint;

 System altered.

 SQL> alter system switch logfile;

 System altered.

 SQL> alter system switch logfile;

 System altered.

  #### check alert log

Sat Feb 10 20:09:55 2018

Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 8

Private strand flush not complete

  Current log# 1 seq# 7 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 8 (LGWR switch)

  Current log# 2 seq# 8 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log

Sat Feb 10 20:10:19 2018

Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 9

Private strand flush not complete

  Current log# 2 seq# 8 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log

Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 9 (LGWR switch)

  Current log# 3 seq# 9 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 10

Checkpoint not complete

  Current log# 3 seq# 9 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 10

Private strand flush not complete

  Current log# 3 seq# 9 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 10 (LGWR switch)

  Current log# 1 seq# 10 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

這是為什么呢？那是因?yàn)槠溥M(jìn)程持有的句柄并有釋放，如下

[oracle@togogo ~]$ ps -ef|grep ckpt|grep -v grep

oracle    8427     1  0 19:47 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl

[oracle@togogo ~]$ cd /proc/8427/fd

[oracle@togogo fd]$  ls -ltr |grep control

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Feb 10 20:09 257 -> /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 Feb 10 20:09 256 -> /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

#### session 1 trace跟蹤

這里說一個命令 strace

舉一個例子

strace -o output.txt -T -tt -e trace=all -p 28979

上面的含義是 跟蹤28979進(jìn)程的所有系統(tǒng)調(diào)用（-e trace=all），并統(tǒng)計(jì)系統(tǒng)調(diào)用的花費(fèi)時(shí)間，以及開始時(shí)間（并以可視化的時(shí)分秒格式顯示），最后將記錄結(jié)果存在output.txt文件里面

[oracle@togogo fd]$ strace -fr -o /tmp/8427.log -p 8427

Process 8427 attached - interrupt to quit

####觀察trace.log

8427       0.000156 gettimeofday({1518265363, 443228}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000176 gettimeofday({1518265543, 106769}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000077 gettimeofday({1518265543, 106845}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000072 gettimeofday({1518265543, 106917}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000077 pwrite64(256, "\25\302\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\1\4\312T\0\0\2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0Q\0\0\0"..., 16384, 49152) = 16384

8427       0.006462 gettimeofday({1518265543, 113463}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000089 gettimeofday({1518265543, 113548}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000080 pwrite64(257, "\25\302\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\1\4\312T\0\0\2\0\0\0\0\0\0\0Q\0\0\0"..., 16384, 49152) = 16384

8427       0.000734 gettimeofday({1518265543, 114364}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000081 gettimeofday({1518265543, 114443}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000081 gettimeofday({1518265543, 114525}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000078 gettimeofday({1518265543, 114603}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000211 gettimeofday({1518265543, 114816}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000080 gettimeofday({1518265543, 114891}, NULL) = 0

8427       0.000081 pread64(256, "\25\302\0\0\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\1\4r\t\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0 \v\373M\21Y"..., 16384, 16384) = 16384

這的 256 257 是表示的是文件描述符 FD file discription

16384是表示一個塊的大小

49152是表示偏移量

通過以上可以得到結(jié)論

1. 進(jìn)程信息可以在/proc下看到，例如： /proc/8427/stat

2. 對于linux，對于文件的讀寫，是通過調(diào)用函數(shù)read,pwrite64 來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

3. 我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)檢查點(diǎn)進(jìn)程ckpt 3s觸發(fā)一次的機(jī)制。

4. 對于pwrite64的操作，是通過寫fd （256.257）2個文件來完成的，其中對應(yīng)的offset都是49152，且我們知道這3個被寫入的文件      (我們知道是controlfile) 的block大小是16384.