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mysql中before和after的區(qū)別有哪些

發(fā)布時間:2021-11-06 09:01:48 來源:億速云 閱讀:125 作者:小新 欄目:MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫

這篇文章主要介紹了mysql中before和after的區(qū)別有哪些,具有一定借鑒價值,感興趣的朋友可以參考下,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章之后大有收獲,下面讓小編帶著大家一起了解一下。

觸發(fā)器(trigger):監(jiān)視某種情況,并觸發(fā)某種操作,它是提供給程序員和數(shù)據(jù)分析員來保證數(shù)據(jù)完整性的一種方法,它是與表事件相關(guān)的特殊的存儲過程,它的執(zhí)行不是由程序調(diào)用,也不是手工啟動,而是由事件來觸發(fā),例如當對一個表進行操作( insert,delete, update)時就會激活它執(zhí)行。

觸發(fā)器經(jīng)常用于加強數(shù)據(jù)的完整性約束和業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則等。 觸發(fā)器創(chuàng)建語法四要素:

1.監(jiān)視地點(table)

2.監(jiān)視事件(insert/update/delete)

3.觸發(fā)時間(after/before)

4.觸發(fā)事件(insert/update/delete)

其中:trigger_time是觸發(fā)器的觸發(fā)事件,可以為before(在檢查約束前觸發(fā))或after(在檢查約束后觸發(fā));trigger_event是觸發(fā)器的觸發(fā)事件,包括insert、update和delete,可以使用old和new來引用觸發(fā)器中發(fā)生變化的記錄內(nèi)容。

需要注意的:

1)需注意對同一個表的相同觸發(fā)時間(after/before)的相同觸發(fā)事件(insert/update/delete),只能定義一個觸發(fā)器,否則報錯

ERROR 1235 (42000): This version of MySQL doesn't yet support 'multiple triggers with the same action time and event for one table'

2)mysql觸發(fā)器中的if判斷語法格式如下:(1).循環(huán)中還可以有循環(huán),(2).else后面沒有then, (3).elseif?。。?!不是else if !!

if...then{

if...then{}

end if;

if...then{}

end if;

...

}

elseif...then..

else

end if ;

注意可以使用兩個if循環(huán),各自end if即可

3)注意mysql觸發(fā)器中的before和after的區(qū)別:

before:(insert、update)可以對new進行修改,

after:不能對new進行修改,兩者都不能修改old數(shù)據(jù)。

對于INSERT語句, 只有NEW是合法的;

對于DELETE語句,只有OLD才合法;

對于UPDATE語句,NEW、OLD可以同時使用。

after是先完成數(shù)據(jù)的增刪改,再觸發(fā),觸發(fā)的語句晚于監(jiān)視的增刪改操作,無法影響前面的增刪改動作;也就是說先插入訂單記錄,再更新商品的數(shù)量;

before是先完成觸發(fā),再增刪改,觸發(fā)的語句先于監(jiān)視的增刪改,這樣就可以對new進行修改了;

摘自網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一個例子說明:

首先我們來創(chuàng)建兩張表:

#商品表

create table g

(

  id int primary key auto_increment,

  name varchar(20),

  num int

);

#訂單表

create table o

(

   oid int primary key auto_increment,

  gid int,

much int

);

insert into g(name,num) values('商品1',10),('商品2',10),('商品3',10);

我們借助觸發(fā)器來完成下訂單之后,自動對商品表中相應(yīng)商品做減法;如下:

create trigger tg2

after insert on o

for each row

begin

update g set num=num-new.much where id=new.gid;

end$

但是有個問題是,如果下訂單數(shù)超過商品總數(shù)時,那么會導致商品表中產(chǎn)生負數(shù),這樣我們可以借助before來對訂單中new值進行修改,保證商品表不會出現(xiàn)負數(shù);

案例:當新增一條訂單記錄時,判斷訂單的商品數(shù)量,如果數(shù)量大于10,就默認改為10

DELIMITER $

create trigger tg6

beforeinsert on o

for each row

begin

  if new.much > 10 then

    set new.much = 10;

  end if;

  update g set num = num - new.much where id = new.gid;

end $

DELIMITER ;

4)不是說一個事務(wù)出發(fā)一次,如下這個事務(wù)修改了10行數(shù),他會觸發(fā)10次:

mysql> update blocks_infos set infos_id=1 where infos_id=2;

Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.22 sec)

Rows matched: 10  Changed: 10  Warnings: 0

5)針對before的情況,如果觸發(fā)的操作沒有成功,會導致原本的觸發(fā)事件也不成功;

接下來記錄下,我寫的案例,當對一個表做增刪改的時候,觸發(fā)對另一表做相應(yīng)的操作,

例如下面,如果begin后面有語法錯誤或者執(zhí)行錯誤,那么會導致前面的delete失??;

DELIMITER $

create trigger tri_delete_blocks_infos1  before delete

on blocks_infos for each row

begin

DECLARE h int;

set h=(select intc   from   bidinfo.v_publish_info  where id=old.infos_id);

if h  is null  then

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=1    where id= old.infos_id;

else

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=intc+1    where id= old.infos_id;

end if;

end $

DELIMITER ;

1.關(guān)于insert的觸發(fā)器:

我們的要求是當向blocks_infos的時候,先判斷blocks_infos_opensearch表中有沒有新insert的infos_id,如果有就相應(yīng)的update,沒有的話就insert,可以如下兩種方法:

方法一使用replace:

DELIMITER $

create trigger tri_insert_blocks_infos  after insert

on blocks_infos for each row

begin

replace into  blocks_infos_opensearch (infos_id,blocks)  select infos_id,group_concat(blocks_id) blocks from blocks_infos  where infos_id=new.infos_id group by infos_id;

end $

DELIMITER ;

注意關(guān)于MySQL replace into 有三種形式(into關(guān)鍵字可以省略):

1. replace into tbl_name(col_name, ...) values(...)

2. replace into tbl_name(col_name, ...) select ...

3. replace into tbl_name set col_name=value, ...

方法二:用if判斷:

DELIMITER $

create trigger tri_insert_blocks_infos  after insert

on blocks_infos for each row

begin

DECLARE c INT;

set c=(SELECT COUNT(infos_id) FROM blocks_infos  WHERE infos_id=new.infos_id);

if c=1 then

insert into  blocks_infos_opensearch  select infos_id,GROUP_CONCAT(blocks_id) blocks FROM blocks_infos  WHERE infos_id=new.infos_id;

elseif  c>1  then

UPDATE blocks_infos_opensearch SET blocks= (SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(blocks_id) blocks FROM blocks_infos  WHERE infos_id=new.infos_id ) WHERE infos_id= new.infos_id;

end if ;

end $

DELIMITER ;

2.關(guān)于delete的觸發(fā)器:

DELIMITER $

CREATE TRIGGER tri_delete_blocks_infos  after DELETE

ON blocks_infos FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

DECLARE c INT;

SET c=(SELECT COUNT(infos_id) FROM blocks_infos  WHERE infos_id=old.infos_id);

IF c=0  THEN

DELETE FROM  blocks_infos_opensearch   WHERE infos_id=old.infos_id;

ELSEIF  c>0  THEN

UPDATE blocks_infos_opensearch SET blocks= (SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(blocks_id) blocks FROM blocks_infos  WHERE infos_id=old.infos_id ) WHERE infos_id= old.infos_id;

END IF;

END $

DELIMITER ;

3.關(guān)于update的觸發(fā)器:

DELIMITER $

CREATE TRIGGER tri_update_blocks_infos  after update

ON blocks_infos FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

DECLARE c INT;

DECLARE d varchar(1000);

DECLARE  h varchar(1000);

SET c=(SELECT COUNT(infos_id) FROM blocks_infos  WHERE infos_id=old.infos_id);

set  d=(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(blocks_id) blocks FROM blocks_infos  WHERE infos_id=old.infos_id);

set  h=(SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(blocks_id) blocks FROM blocks_infos  WHERE infos_id=new.infos_id);

IF c=0  THEN

DELETE FROM  blocks_infos_opensearch   WHERE infos_id=old.infos_id;

ELSEIF  c>0  THEN

UPDATE blocks_infos_opensearch SET blocks= d  WHERE infos_id= old.infos_id;

UPDATE blocks_infos_opensearch SET blocks= h WHERE infos_id= new.infos_id;

END IF;

END $

DELIMITER ;

另一個需求是需要當對表blocks_infos做相關(guān)處理的時候,會觸發(fā)另一個表bidinfo.v_publish_info 做相應(yīng)的處理,因為前面已經(jīng)建立了after insert on blocks_infos,不能再建立  after insert

on blocks_infos,所以只能創(chuàng)建  before insert on blocks_infos,如下創(chuàng)建了三個:

1)insert

DELIMITER $

create trigger tri_insert_blocks_infos1  before insert

on blocks_infos for each row

begin

DECLARE d int;

set d=(select intc   from   bidinfo.v_publish_info  where id=new.infos_id);

if d  is null  then

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=1    where id= new.infos_id;

else

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=intc+1    where id= new.infos_id;

end if;

end $

DELIMITER ;

2)delete

DELIMITER $

create trigger tri_delete_blocks_infos1  before delete

on blocks_infos for each row

begin

DECLARE h int;

set h=(select intc   from   bidinfo.v_publish_info  where id=old.infos_id);

if h  is null  then

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=1    where id= old.infos_id;

else

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=intc+1    where id= old.infos_id;

end if;

end $

DELIMITER ;

3)update ,注意可以只用兩個if循環(huán)!

DELIMITER $

create trigger tri_update_blocks_infos1  before update

on blocks_infos for each row

begin

DECLARE j int;

DECLARE i int;

set i=(select intc   from   bidinfo.v_publish_info  where id=new.infos_id);

set j=(select intc   from   bidinfo.v_publish_info  where id=old.infos_id);

if j  is null  then

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=1    where id= old.infos_id;

else

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=intc+1    where id= old.infos_id;

end if;

if i  is null  then

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=1    where id= new.infos_id;

else

update bidinfo.v_publish_info set   intc=intc+1    where id= new.infos_id;

end if;

end $

DELIMITER ;

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