如何靜默安裝Oracle11g數(shù)據(jù)庫

這篇文章將為大家詳細(xì)講解有關(guān)如何靜默安裝Oracle11g數(shù)據(jù)庫，小編覺得挺實(shí)用的，因此分享給大家做個(gè)參考，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲。

1.1. 修改密碼及創(chuàng)建目錄和權(quán)限

1) 創(chuàng)建oracle用戶和組

[root@ENMOEDU ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@ENMOEDU ~]# groupadd dba

[root@ENMOEDU ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -s /bin/bash oracle

[root@ENMOEDU ~]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

2) 創(chuàng)建相關(guān)目錄并賦權(quán)

[root@ENMOEDU ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/u01

[root@ENMOEDU ~]# chmod -R 755 /data/u01

1.2. 設(shè)置oracle用戶環(huán)境變量

[root@ENMOEDU ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$

[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$ vi .bash_profile

修改完成，使其修改生效，如下：

[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$ . .bash_profile

[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$

或者

[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@ENMOEDU ~]$

再或者注銷重新登錄

注：

ORACLE_BASE：oracle產(chǎn)品基目錄

ORACLE_HOME：數(shù)據(jù)庫產(chǎn)品目錄通常情況下HOME目錄是BASE的子目錄

ORACLE_SID：操作系統(tǒng)和oracle實(shí)例關(guān)聯(lián)的紐帶

PATH：將安裝后的oracle命令追加到執(zhí)行搜索路徑

LD_LIBRARY_PATH：動(dòng)態(tài)庫的位置

1.3. 上傳oracle安裝介質(zhì)并解壓安裝database軟件

1）已經(jīng)上傳成功,解壓之后會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)database目錄；
并且/meadia/database/response下有db_install.rsp、dbca.rsp和netca.rsp三個(gè)應(yīng)答文件，分別數(shù)據(jù)庫安裝文件、建立數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例和監(jiān)聽配置安裝文件

[oracle@ENMOEDU software]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

[oracle@ENMOEDU software]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 media]$ ll

database  

p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip  p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

2）提前安裝必要的包：

用yum安裝：

[root@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 ~]yum install -y binutils*

yum install -y compat-libstdc*

yum install -y elfutils-libelf*

yum install -y gcc*

yum install -y glibc*

yum install -y ksh*

yum install -y libaio*

yum install -y libgcc*

yum install -y libstdc*

yum install -y make*

yum install -y sysstat*

yum install libXp* -y

yum install -y glibc-kernheaders

3)進(jìn)入到database/response/目錄，然后編輯用于安裝Oracle軟件的應(yīng)答文件db_install.rsp；

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 database]$ cd /media/database/response/

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 database]$ vi db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY            //29行 安裝類型

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32         //37行 主機(jī)名稱

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                              //42行 安裝組

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/inventory           //47行INVENTORY目錄

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN                              //78行 選擇語言

ORACLE_HOME=/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1   //83行oracle_home地址

ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle                               //88行oracle_base地址

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                //99行oracle版本

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba                     //142行dba用戶組

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall              //147行oper用戶組

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE  //160行 數(shù)據(jù)庫類型

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=eastfxq  //165行g(shù)lobalDBName

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=eastfxq             //170行SID

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=92160        //192行 自動(dòng)管理內(nèi)存的最小內(nèi)存(M)

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle    //233行 設(shè)定所有數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶使用同一個(gè)密碼

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true             //385行 設(shè)置安全更新，一定要設(shè)置否則報(bào)錯(cuò)；

3）執(zhí)行創(chuàng)建軟件的腳本:

1.執(zhí)行腳本之前需要編輯/etc/hosts

查看當(dāng)前的主機(jī)名，一定注意需要填寫當(dāng)前的主機(jī)名，也就是hostname顯示的名字！

[root@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 inventory]# hostname

jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32.38

[root@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 inventory]# vi /etc/hosts   ##添加如下內(nèi)容，否則會(huì)后面會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，說不能識(shí)別hostname,

10.1.32.38  jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32.38

2.執(zhí)行安裝腳本！

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /media/database/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 86279 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 17999 MB    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2018-06-25_12-19-25PM. Please wait ...[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 database]$

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 database]$

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 database]$

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:

 /home/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2018-06-25_12-19-25PM.log

3）.可以通過查看前邊提示的日志來跟進(jìn)創(chuàng)建的過程：

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 database]$tail  -f 100 /home/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2018-06-25_12-19-25PM.log

4）最后按著提示打開新的終端，以root身份登錄，執(zhí)行腳本：

#/home/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

#/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/db_1/root.sh

至此Oracle軟件創(chuàng)建成功。。。。。。。

1.4. 安裝監(jiān)聽軟件

1）編輯necat.rsp文件；

netca.rsp，主要改動(dòng)以下參數(shù)配置：

INSTALL_TYPE=""custom""                   #安裝的類型

LISTENER_NUMBER=1                          #監(jiān)聽器數(shù)量

LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}              #監(jiān)聽器的名稱列表

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}         #監(jiān)聽器使用的通訊協(xié)議列表

LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""              #監(jiān)聽器啟動(dòng)的名稱

2）執(zhí)行netca來創(chuàng)建監(jiān)聽軟件：

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 response]$netca /silent /responseFile  /media/database/response/netca.rsp

3）嘗試啟動(dòng)監(jiān)聽（有這個(gè)命令即可）：

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 response]$lsnrctl  start

至此監(jiān)聽創(chuàng)建成功。。。。

1.5. 創(chuàng)建Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫

1）編輯創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的應(yīng)答文件dbca.rsp，主要需要修改的參數(shù)如下（其余默認(rèn)即可）

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION ="11.2.0"            //不能更改

OPERATION_TYPE ="createDatabase"

GDBNAME ="eastfxq"                          //數(shù)據(jù)庫的名字

SID ="eastfxq"                            //對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)例名字

TEMPLATENAME ="General_Purpose.dbc"       //建庫用的模板文件 有兩個(gè)一個(gè)為新的名字

SYSPASSWORD ="oracle"                     //SYS管理員密碼

SYSTEMPASSWORD ="oracle"                  //SYSTEM管理員密碼

SYSMANPASSWORD= "oracle"

DBSNMPPASSWORD= "oracle"

DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata     

//數(shù)據(jù)文件存放目錄，默認(rèn)為$ORACLE_BASE/oradata；

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area   

//快速恢復(fù)區(qū)的目錄，默認(rèn)為$ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area；

CHARACTERSET ="ZHS16GBK"                                  

//字符集，重要!!!建庫后一般不能更改，所以建庫前要確定清楚；

TOTALMEMORY ="92160"                      //92160MB，物理內(nèi)存*80%左右

2）執(zhí)行dbca，開始創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫；

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 response]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /media/database/response/dbca.rsp

Copying database files

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete

至此Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫創(chuàng)建成功。。。。。

1.6. 調(diào)整Oracle的參數(shù)以及配置：

1.關(guān)于Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫游標(biāo)相關(guān)的參數(shù)

1）OPEN_CURSORS 每個(gè)會(huì)話最大的游標(biāo)數(shù)（活動(dòng)的SQL語句），推薦設(shè)置成500

SQL> alter system set open_cursors=200 scope=spfile;

2）session_cached_cursors  每個(gè)會(huì)話緩存的游標(biāo)個(gè)數(shù)，推薦設(shè)置成 200

SQL> alter system set session_cached_cursors=200 scope=spfile;

2.關(guān)于存儲(chǔ)的相關(guān)參數(shù)：

1）DB_FILES 數(shù)據(jù)庫能創(chuàng)建的最大物理文件數(shù)，根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)量大小可以設(shè)置成1500或者更多。

SQL> alter system set  db_files=1500 scope=spfile;

2）設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)塊（存儲(chǔ)在物理文件或被緩存到SGA中）的大小，對(duì)于在線交易系統(tǒng)通常設(shè)置為8192，對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)倉庫可設(shè)置為16K或32K。默認(rèn)是8192也就是8k;

3.關(guān)于Oracle的內(nèi)存相關(guān)設(shè)置：

前提需要先調(diào)整/dev/shm的大小，保證初始化參數(shù)MEMORY_TARGET或MEMORY_MAX_TARGET不能大于共享內(nèi)存(/dev/shm)

（1）查看大小

df -h /dev/shm

（2）修改大小 ，（注意格式，逗號(hào)后面不能有空格）

vi /etc/fstab

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=102400M 0 0

（3）重新掛載

umount /dev/shm

mount /dev/shm

（4）查看修改后的大小

df -h /dev/shm

不重起修改tmpfs大小 mount -o remount,size=100g /dev/shm

1）Oracle11g開啟自動(dòng)化內(nèi)存管理：可以設(shè)置memory_target和memory_max_target：

（1）memory_target:該參數(shù)設(shè)置整個(gè)oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例可以使用的內(nèi)存量，oralce數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例在運(yùn)行過程中會(huì)根據(jù)需求自動(dòng)的調(diào)節(jié)SGA與PGA的大小?？梢允褂孟鄳?yīng)的alter system命令動(dòng)態(tài)的修改memory_target的值。該參數(shù)是動(dòng)態(tài)初始化參數(shù)。

（2）memory_max_target:該參數(shù)設(shè)置oracle實(shí)例可以使用的最大內(nèi)存量。在調(diào)整memory_target的值時(shí)必須保持以下的約束關(guān)系memory_target<=memory_max_target.該參數(shù)是靜態(tài)初始化參數(shù),修改需要重啟才能生效。

Alter system  set memory_target=90g;

Alter system  set  memory_max_target=100g scope=spfile;   #(total_mem * 80%)

然后設(shè)置SGA_TARGET和PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET的值，開啟自動(dòng)內(nèi)存管理之后，這倆值代表各自的最小值：

Alter system  set SGA_TARGET=50G;               ##(memory_target*80%*80%)

Alter system  set PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET=10G;  ##(memory_target*80%*20%)

2)不開啟Oracle11g自動(dòng)化內(nèi)存管理，采用10g的自動(dòng)化共享內(nèi)存管理：

SGA_TARGET 當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)庫使用自動(dòng)共享內(nèi)存管理方式時(shí)，SGA各內(nèi)存區(qū)域總的內(nèi)存大小。

推薦設(shè)置值：

在線交易系統(tǒng): SGA_TARGET = (total_mem * 80%) * 80%

數(shù)據(jù)倉庫: SGA_TARGET = (total_mem * 80%) * 50%

PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET 設(shè)置與服務(wù)進(jìn)程相關(guān)聯(lián)的 PGA 內(nèi)存大小。

推薦設(shè)置值：

在線交易系統(tǒng): PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET = (total_mem * 80%) * 20%

數(shù)據(jù)倉庫: PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET = (total_mem * 80%) * 50%

4.關(guān)于連接和會(huì)話：

PROCESSES 設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例能夠啟動(dòng)的最大進(jìn)程數(shù)，可設(shè)置為500~1000。

Alter system set PROCESSES =800 scope=spfile;

SESSIONS 數(shù)據(jù)庫的最大會(huì)話數(shù)。默認(rèn)值是(1.5 * PROCESSES) + 22。

Alter system set PROCESSES =1300 scope=spfile;

5. 添加日志組成員，提高redo的安全度！

SQL> alter database add logfile member '/oracle/logfile/redo1_02.log' to group 1;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile member '/oracle/logfile/redo2_02.log' to group 2;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add logfile member '/oracle/logfile/redo3_02.log' to group 3;

Database altered.

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/redo03.log

/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/redo02.log

/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/redo01.log

/oracle/logfile/redo1_02.log

/oracle/logfile/redo2_02.log

/oracle/logfile/redo3_02.log

6 rows selected.

6.關(guān)于rman的相關(guān)修改，參考如下：

RMAN> show all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ACCDB are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 31 DAYS;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/caadb/backup/accdb/backup/rman/20180629/accdb_lev0_201806290230_%F';

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO APPLIED ON ALL STANDBY;

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_accdb.f'; # default

7.關(guān)于歸檔的目錄修改：以防默認(rèn)選擇的歸檔路徑為快速恢復(fù)區(qū)！

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/u01/app/oracle/archivelog'

8.可以適當(dāng)修改快速恢復(fù)區(qū)的大小：

SQL> alter system set  db_recovery_file_dest_size=6g;

1.7. 最后驗(yàn)證

1）查看實(shí)例名：

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME

----------------

Eastfxq

2）查看數(shù)據(jù)庫名：

SQL> select  name from v$database;

NAME

---------

EASTFXQ

或者

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME

----------------

eastfxq

3）查看監(jiān)聽狀態(tài)：

[oracle@jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32 ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-JUN-2018 17:12:57

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.1.32.38)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                25-JUN-2018 14:32:17

Uptime                    0 days 2 hr. 40 min. 39 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /data/u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/jianguan-EAST-fanxiqian-32/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.1.32.38)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "eastfxq" has 2 instance(s).

  Instance "eastfxq", status UNKNOWN, has 3 handler(s) for this service...

  Instance "eastfxq", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "eastfxqXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "eastfxq", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

4）檢查Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的字符集：

SQL> select userenv('language') nls_lang from dual;

NLS_LANG

----------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

5）查看數(shù)據(jù)文件的目錄：

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/system01.dbf

/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/sysaux01.dbf

/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/undotbs01.dbf

/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/users01.dbf

6）查看redo日志的路徑：

SQL> select GROUP#,MEMBER from v$logfile;

    GROUP# MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 3 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/redo03.log

 2 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/redo02.log

 1 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/eastfxq/redo01.log

 1 /oracle/logfile/redo1_02.log

 2 /oracle/logfile/redo2_02.log

 3 /oracle/logfile/redo3_02.log

6 rows selected.

至此Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備就緒。。。。。。

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