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mysql + keepalived環(huán)境搭建
1.環(huán)境準備
系統(tǒng):Centenos7.4
mysql版本 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
keepalived版本 keepalived-2.0.13.tar.gz
node1 :192.168.5.235
node2 :192.168.5.236
vip: 192.168.5.58 (最好是同一ip段,不然肯定會出現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題)
主機用戶:具有sudo權(quán)限的test
2.mysql主主搭建
由于分配的虛擬機只有一個系統(tǒng)需要安裝各種系統(tǒng)軟件,磁盤也需要自己掛在
2.1磁盤分區(qū)
[test@host-192-168-5-235 ~]$sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000adb11
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vda2 1026048 9414655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3 9414656 41943039 16264192 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[test@host-192-168-5-236 ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xf2a1312e.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999):
Using default value 1048575999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分區(qū)格式化
[test@host-192-168-5-235 /]$ sudo mkfs -t ext3 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
32768000 inodes, 131071744 blocks
6553587 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
創(chuàng)建目錄并掛載
[test@host-192-168-5-235 /]$ sudo mkdir /data
[test@host-192-168-5-235 ~]$ sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /data
開機自動掛載按照里邊的格式增加
sudo vi /etc/fstab
2.2 mysql配置node1和node2相同的操作
查看
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
刪除(查出來的一個個全刪了)
sudo rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 –nodeps
解壓mysql安裝包
[test@host-192-168-5-236 ~]$ tar -xvf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
將目錄屬主和組更改為test為了方便并賦予777權(quán)限
sudo chown test:test -R /data/
chmod 777 /data/
cd /data/
mkdir mysql
cd /data/mysql/
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)目錄,日志目錄,pid目錄
mkdir data logs run
將mysql軟件放在/usr/local/下
cd /usr/local/
sudo mkdir mysql
sudo chown test:test ./mysql/
cd /data
mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql/
刪除空目錄
rm mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
編輯mysql配置文件node1
sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port=9060
datadir=/data/mysql/data
socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/logs/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/run/mysql.pid
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock
vi .bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export PATH
source .bash_profile
初始化
mysqld --initialize --user=test --datadir=/data/mysql/data
安全啟動:
mysqld_safe --user=test &
用初始化生成的root密碼登錄并更改密碼
mysql -uroot -p
set password=password("123456");
flush privileges;
編輯mysql配置文件node2
sudo vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port=9060
datadir=/data/mysql/data
socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/logs/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/run/mysql.pid
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/data/mysql/data/mysql.sock
vi .bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export PATH
source .bash_profile
初始化
mysqld --initialize --user=test --datadir=/data/mysql/data
安全啟動:
mysqld_safe --user=test &
用初始化生成的root密碼登錄并更改密碼
mysql -uroot -p
set password=password("123456");
flush privileges;
配置主從
主節(jié)點(192.168.5.235)
創(chuàng)建同步用戶
CREATE USER 'sync'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'sync@123456';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'sync'@'%';
flush privileges;
show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 997 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
備節(jié)點(192.168.5.236)
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.5.235', MASTER_USER='sync', MASTER_PASSWORD='sync@2019#Zy',MASTER_PORT=9060,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=997;
start slave;
# 停止 stop slave
# 重置 reset slave
mysql> show slave status\G
反過來配置一遍
原備節(jié)點(192.168.5.236)
創(chuàng)建同步用戶
CREATE USER 'sync'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'sync@123456';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'sync'@'%';
flush privileges;
show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 997 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
原主節(jié)點(192.168.5.235)
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.5.236', MASTER_USER='sync', MASTER_PASSWORD='sync@2019#Zy',MASTER_PORT=9060,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=997;
start slave;
# 停止 stop slave
# 重置 reset slave
mysql> show slave status\G
看到兩個YES,代表主主成功
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
賦予root用戶遠程訪問(為了遠程訪問root用戶)
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' identified by 'otn@2019#zy';
flush privileges;
測試:
創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫
create database test;
創(chuàng)建普通用戶
CREATE USER 'test'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
grant all privileges on test.* to 'test'@'%';
grant all privileges on mysql.* to 'test'@'%';
flush privileges;
查看數(shù)據(jù)庫
show databases;
查看用戶
select user,host from mysql.user;
創(chuàng)建表
create table testa( Id varchar(100));
兩邊都能看到testa表
show tables;
插入語句
insert into testa values('1231');
insert into testa values('4567');
insert into testa values('5464');
另一個數(shù)據(jù)庫都能看到
select * from testa;
delete from testa where Id='1231';
另一個數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)顯也被刪除
至此,mysql主主已經(jīng)完全配置成功。
3.Keepalived安裝
安裝相關(guān)的系統(tǒng)環(huán)境(必須是root用戶或者sudo用戶)
yum -y install gcc openssl-devel openssl ipvsadm
yum -y install libnl libnl-devel (支持ipv6)
[test@host-192-168-5-235 ~]$ tar -xvf keepalived-2.0.13.tar.gz
cd keepalived-2.0.13
sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --安裝到/usr/local/keepalived
sudo make && sudo make install
cd /etc
mkdir keepalived
sudo cp -r /data/keepalived-2.0.13/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
sudo cp -r /data/keepalived-2.0.13/keepalived/etc/init.d /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
sudo cp /data/keepalived-2.0.13/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
keepalived.conf 配置內(nèi)容:#清空默認內(nèi)容,直接采用下面配置
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { #全局配置標識,表明這個區(qū)域{}是全局配置
notification_email {
xxx@xxx #表示發(fā)送通知郵件時郵件源地址是誰
}
notification_email_from xxx@xxx #表示keepalived在發(fā)生諸如切換操作時需要發(fā)送email通知,以及email發(fā)送給哪些郵件地址,郵件地址可以多個,每行一個notification_email_from xxx@xxx
smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #表示發(fā)送email時使用的smtp服務(wù)器地址,這里可以用本地的sendmail來實現(xiàn)
smtp_connect_timeout 30 #連接smtp連接超時時間
router_id host-192-168-5-235 #機器標識
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_script chk_mysql_port { #檢測mysql服務(wù)是否在運行。有很多方式,比如進程,用腳本檢測等等
script "/root/chk_mysql.sh" #這里通過腳本監(jiān)測
interval 2 #腳本執(zhí)行間隔,每2s檢測一次
weight -5 #腳本結(jié)果導(dǎo)致的優(yōu)先級變更,檢測失?。_本返回非0)則優(yōu)先級 -5
fall 2 #檢測連續(xù)2次失敗才算確定是真失敗。會用weight減少優(yōu)先級(1-255之間)
rise 1 #檢測1次成功就算成功。但不修改優(yōu)先級
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0 #主機網(wǎng)卡
mcast_src_ip 192.168.5.235 #主機ip
virtual_router_id 35 #路由器標識,MASTER和BACKUP必須是一致的
priority 101 #定義優(yōu)先級,數(shù)字越大,優(yōu)先級越高,在同一個vrrp_instance下,MASTER的優(yōu)先級必須大于BACKUP的優(yōu)先級。這樣MASTER故障恢復(fù)后,就可以將VIP資源再次搶回來
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.5.58
}
track_script {
chk_mysql_port
}
}
bakcup主機上的keepalived配置
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
xxx@xxxx
}
notification_email_from xxx@xxxx
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id host-192-168-5-236
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_script chk_mysql_port {
script "/root/chk_mysql.sh"
interval 2
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
mcast_src_ip 192.168.5.236
virtual_router_id 35
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.5.58
}
track_script {
chk_mysql_port
}
}
[test@host-192-168-5-227 data]$ cd /root
[test@host-192-168-5-227 root]$ vi chk_mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
counter=$(netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep "9060"|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" -eq 0 ]; then
service keepalived stop
fi
啟動
shell> sudo systemctl enable keepalived.service #設(shè)置開機自動啟動
shell> sudo service keepalived start #啟動服務(wù)
shell> sudo service keepalived stop #停止服務(wù)
shell> sudo service keepalived restart #重啟服務(wù)
驗證登錄
mysql -h292.168.5.58 -P9060 -uroot -p123456 可以登錄
mysql -h292.168.5.235 -P9060 -uroot -p123456
mysql -h292.168.5.236 -P9060 -uroot -p123456
MySQL啟動與關(guān)閉
1、查看mysql服務(wù)的兩種方式
[root@localhost bin]ps -ef|grep mysql
[root@localhost bin]netstat -nlp
2、啟動服務(wù)的兩種方式
命令行方式
[root@localhost bin]cd /usr/bin
[root@localhost bin]./mysqld_safe &
服務(wù)方式
[root@localhost ~]service mysql start
如果服務(wù)在啟動狀態(tài),直接重啟服務(wù)用以下命令:
[root@localhost ~]service mysql restart
3、關(guān)閉服務(wù)的兩種方式
命令行方式:
[ root@localhost ~]mysqladmin -u root shutdown
服務(wù)方式:
[root@localhost ~]service mysql stop
遇到的問題
此時發(fā)現(xiàn)問題使用vip在主節(jié)點可以但是再備節(jié)點和其他同段的主機不能正常訪問,
在備節(jié)點(或其他節(jié)點)ping vip 只能ping通9次
初步懷疑是網(wǎng)絡(luò)問題,但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)側(cè)那邊說限制放開了
我測試ping通9次,vip對應(yīng)hwaddress沒有獲取我手動添加就能ping通,理論上應(yīng)該是自動獲取的,
手動添加沒有意義,如果vip漂移了那還是不能訪問了
最后折騰了兩周在自己虛擬機同樣的配置訪問都沒有問題,
這次找到虛擬化的同事咨詢這個問題,他們從底層放開網(wǎng)絡(luò)限制好了
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