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這篇文章主要介紹“PostgreSQL本地化設置對SQL特性的影響有哪些”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在PostgreSQL本地化設置對SQL特性的影響有哪些問題上存在疑惑,小編查閱了各式資料,整理出簡單好用的操作方法,希望對大家解答”PostgreSQL本地化設置對SQL特性的影響有哪些”的疑惑有所幫助!接下來,請跟著小編一起來學習吧!
PostgreSQL在使用initdb初始化數(shù)據(jù)庫時,提供了”本地化”的參數(shù)locale,如不指定該參數(shù)則默認為空,即使用OS的locale設定.
本地化設置對以下SQL特性有影響:
1.排序和比較操作 : Sort order in queries using ORDER BY or the standard comparison operators on textual data
2.內(nèi)置函數(shù) : The upper, lower, and initcap functions
3.模式匹配 : Pattern matching operators (LIKE, SIMILAR TO, and POSIX-style regular expressions); locales affect both case insensitive matching and the classification of characters by character-class regular expressions
4.to_char相關函數(shù) : The to_char family of functions
5.LIKE能否使用索引 : The ability to use indexes with LIKE clauses
排序
同樣的數(shù)據(jù),使用不同的LC_COLLATE,SQL輸出不同:
postgres=# SELECT name FROM unnest(ARRAY['MYNAME', ' my_name', 'my-image.jpg', 'my-third-image.jpg']) name ORDER BY name collate "C"; name -------------------- my_name MYNAME my-image.jpg my-third-image.jpg (4 rows) postgres=# SELECT name FROM unnest(ARRAY['MYNAME', ' my_name', 'my-image.jpg', 'my-third-image.jpg']) name ORDER BY name collate "zh_CN"; name -------------------- my-image.jpg my_name MYNAME my-third-image.jpg (4 rows)
collate指定為”C”,則使用默認的字符串的二進制ASCII碼值進行對比,而指定是zh_CN則不是.
使用zh_CN其行為按不區(qū)分大小寫進行處理
postgres=# SELECT name FROM unnest(ARRAY['MYNAME1', ' my_name2', 'my-image.jpg', 'my-third-image.jpg']) name ORDER BY name collate "zh_CN"; name -------------------- my-image.jpg MYNAME1 my_name2 my-third-image.jpg (4 rows) postgres=# SELECT name FROM unnest(ARRAY['myname1', ' myname2', 'myimage.jpg', 'mythirdimage.jpg']) name ORDER BY name collate "zh_CN"; name ------------------ myimage.jpg myname1 myname2 mythirdimage.jpg (4 rows)
郵件列表中的解釋如下:
The behavior of each collation comes from the operating system’s own
libc, except for the C collation, which is based on the ordering
implied by strcmp() comparisons. Generally, most implementations have
the behavior you describe, in that they assign least weight of all to
caseness and whitespace, and somewhat more weight to punctuation. I
don’t think that there is much that can be done about it in practice,
though in principal there could be a collation that has all the
properties you want.
內(nèi)置函數(shù)
如initcap,在法語和C下面會有不同
postgres=# select initcap('élysée' collate "C"); initcap --------- éLyséE (1 row) postgres=# select initcap('élysée' collate "fr_FR"); initcap --------- élysée (1 row)
在中文語境下,全角字符的小寫字母會轉(zhuǎn)換為全角的大寫字母
postgres=# select initcap('a' collate "zh_CN"); initcap --------- A (1 row) postgres=# select initcap('a' collate "C"); initcap --------- a (1 row)
在LC_COLLATE下,只會對7F以下的ASCII字符生效,其他字符不生效
模式匹配
postgres=# select 'élysée' ~ '^\w+$' collate "fr_FR"; ?column? ---------- t (1 row) postgres=# select 'élysée' COLLATE "C" ~ '^\w+$'; ?column? ---------- f (1 row)
LIKE能否使用索引
postgres=# CREATE TABLE t_sort ( postgres(# a text COLLATE "zh_CN", postgres(# b text COLLATE "C"); CREATE TABLE postgres=# postgres=# INSERT INTO t_sort SELECT md5(n::text), md5(n::text) postgres-# FROM generate_series(1, 1000000) n; INSERT 0 1000000 postgres=# CREATE INDEX ON t_sort USING btree (a); CREATE INDEX postgres=# CREATE INDEX ON t_sort USING btree (b); CREATE INDEX postgres=# ANALYZE t_sort; ANALYZE postgres=# SELECT * FROM t_sort LIMIT 2; a | b ----------------------------------+---------------------------------- c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b | c4ca4238a0b923820dcc509a6f75849b c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c | c81e728d9d4c2f636f067f89cc14862c (2 rows) postgres=# explain SELECT * FROM t_sort WHERE a LIKE 'c4ca4238a0%'; QUERY PLAN --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gather (cost=1000.00..18564.33 rows=100 width=66) Workers Planned: 2 -> Parallel Seq Scan on t_sort (cost=0.00..17554.33 rows=42 width=66) Filter: (a ~~ 'c4ca4238a0%'::text) (4 rows) postgres=# explain SELECT * FROM t_sort WHERE b LIKE 'c4ca4238a0%'; QUERY PLAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Index Scan using t_sort_b_idx on t_sort (cost=0.42..8.45 rows=100 width=66) Index Cond: ((b >= 'c4ca4238a0'::text) AND (b < 'c4ca4238a1'::text)) Filter: (b ~~ 'c4ca4238a0%'::text) (3 rows)
使用zh_CN不能用上索引,但使用C可以用上索引
到此,關于“PostgreSQL本地化設置對SQL特性的影響有哪些”的學習就結(jié)束了,希望能夠解決大家的疑惑。理論與實踐的搭配能更好的幫助大家學習,快去試試吧!若想繼續(xù)學習更多相關知識,請繼續(xù)關注億速云網(wǎng)站,小編會繼續(xù)努力為大家?guī)砀鄬嵱玫奈恼拢?/p>
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